WEP2021 Saifur Rahman (c) · 2021. 2. 2. · © Saifur Rahman 2021 Motivations for a Smart Grid #WEP2021 CONNECTIVITY Desire to make the grid smarter, safer, reliable and more cost-effectiveusing

© Saifur Rahman 2021

Connectivity in the Smart Grid for the Integration of Renewables in Saudi Arabia

Professor Saifur RahmanDirector, Advanced Research Institute, Virginia Tech, USA

Invited Talk


#WEP2021 CONNECTIVITY

"Smartgrid"isaconceptwithmanyelementswheremonitoringandcontrolofeachelementinthechainofgeneration,transmission,distributionandend-useallowtheelectricitydeliveryandusetobemoreefficient.

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Motivations for a Smart Grid


Desire to make the grid smarter, safer, reliable and more cost-effective using advanced sensors, communication technologies and distributed computing.

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DifferenceBetweenaNormalGrid

andaSmartGrid


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Power Plant

Transmission

DistributionHome

BusinessEnd-use

Appliances

From Generator to Refrigerator

StartingandEndingPointsofaSmartGrid

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SmartGridBuildingBlocks


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Evolution of the GRID#WEP2021 CONNECTIVITY

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Intell igent Interconnected Microgrids#WEP2021 CONNECTIVITY

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Merging Power Flow withInformation Flow

Integrated Communications


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ElectricPower&CommunicationInfrastructures

Central GeneratingStation

Step-Up Transformer

DistributionSubstation

ReceivingStation



Commercial

Industrial Commercial

Gas Turbine

RecipEngine

Cogeneration

RecipEngine

Fuel cell

Micro-turbine

Flywheel

Residential

Photovoltaics

Batteries

Residential Data Concentrator

Control Center

Data network Users

2. Information Infrastructure

1.Power Infrastructure

Source: EPRI 10


Issues in Smart Grid Deployment


•Regulatory•Business •Technical•Security and Privacy

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RegulatoryIssues


•Time varying rates•Who pays the upfront costs•Who owns the data

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Business Issues


•Return on investment•Customer acceptance•Trained manpower

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Security and PrivacyIssues


§Datatransmissionoverthepublicinternet§Datasharingbymultipleparties§Ownershipofthedata

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TechnicalIssues


•Servicemonitoringandrecovery•Remotemeterreading&billing•Transformer/Switchgearloading•Peakloadreduction•Renewablesintegration•Demandresponseapplication

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Electrical Load Profile in Virginia, USA


Peak loads exceed 16,000 MW only 5%

of the time

Peak load of 19,140 MW

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Electrical Load Profile in KSA in 2016


Peak load 66,131 MW

95% of peak 62,816 MW

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Peak Load and itsDuration


• In the US highest 20% of the load happens 5% of the time • In Australia highest 15% of the load happens 1% of the time• In Egypt highest 15% of the load happens 1% of the time• In Saudi Arabia highest 5% of the load happens 0.75% of the time

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Changing Landscape forthe Electric Utility


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In-depth Look at Solar PV in KSA


2-MWRoof-topSolarPVplantatKAUST20


Solar PV Panels in Saudi Arabia


RealityCheck21


Solar PV Array (100kWp) in Riyadh Area


September

July

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7

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Solar PV Panel CleaningCost and Frequency


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How Can the Smart GridHelp


Ithelpstointegrateintermittentsourcesofgenerationintotheelectricpowergrid.

Shorttermloadcontrolforalargenumberofend-usedevicesthroughdemandresponsemakesitpossibletogetquickloadrelieftomatchfluctuationsingeneration.

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Demand Response


DemandResponseisacustomeractiontocontrolloadtomeetacertaintarget.Herethecustomerchooseswhatloadtocontrolandforhowlong.

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Selective Control ofAppliances


Two components: 1) HEM unit and 2) load controller box

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IoT-based BuildingAutomation Systems


• In KSA the roof-top solar is gaining popularity• Roof-top solar helps with mitigating peak loads• Building Automation Systems (BAS) help to maintain

comfortable/healthy indoor environment• Low-cost customizable BAS systems is needed

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IoT Device Integration for BuildingAutomation System (BAS)


Sensors/PowerMeters

Plug Load Controllers

Lighting Load Controllers

CT30 (WiFi)

CT50 (WiFi)

CT80 (ZigBee

SE)

ICM(WiFi)

RTU (Modbus)

VAV controller (Modbus)

Nest(WiFi)

Philips Hue(WiFi)

Light switch(WiFi)

Step-dimmed ballast

(ZigBee)Lighting load

controller(BACnet)

Smart plug(WiFi)

Smart plug(ZigBee)

Plug load controller(BACnet)

Power meter(BACnet/Mod

bus)

Power meter(Modbus)

Occupancy sensor

(BACnet)

Light sensor(BACnet)

www.bemoss.org

www.bemcontrols.com 28


VT Classroom under Real-timeMonitoring


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Indoor Envrionmental Monitoring


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Energy Savings fromLighting Control


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Managing Battery Storagefrom a BAS Platform


5 kW 12 kWh

Battery Cells

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Battery Storage Data Access from a BAS

Network


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Roof-top Solar Photovoltaicsat Virginia Tech


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BAS for a Campus-wideApplication

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New Paradigm for thePower System


•Historically: Demand driven supply (supply responds to demand)

•New Reality: Supply driven demand(demandneedstoadjusttomeetfluctuating

supplywithhelpfromstorage)

THESMARTGRIDECOSYSTEM

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The Smart GridEcosystem


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THANK YOU

Prof.Saifur Rahman

VirginiaTech38

Documents

WEP2021 Saifur Rahman (c) · 2021. 2. 2. · © Saifur Rahman 2021 Motivations for a Smart Grid #WEP2021 CONNECTIVITY Desire to make the grid smarter, safer, reliable and more cost-effectiveusing