Welcome to Unit 9 Seminar Professor Fred Bittner Investigating Terrorism Review Key Terms Read Chapter 22 in Criminal Investigation Read the Articles on Ethics Respond to the Discussion Board Complete and Submit the Research Project Read the Extra Extra information Post in the learning Journal 1. What is terrorism? 2. Who does it affect? Terrorism is a crime committed by an individual or group through the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. This is the federal governments definition of this crime. Federal Government definition. What type of investigative techniques can be used while investigating terrorist actions and potential terrorist activities? Intelligence gathering Research and analysis of information gathered Informants Surveillance (many types) Researching records (banking, passports, and other documents) How are targets identified by different terrorist groups? Each group of terrorist usually has a stated purpose or mission. Often there targets are simply large groups of innocent people. Some have unique purposes and will target specific types of businesses, locations, or activities, which are in direct conflict with their cause. Terrorist groups and their MOs may vary from act to act. It is important that the investigator acquire as much background information as possible regarding the group or individual under investigation. How do terrorists carry out their crimes? What do they do to disrupt peoples lives and activities? Some methods used to carry out Acts of Terror! Chemical attacks by means of nerve gas, mustard gas, and other caustic substances. Ecological terrorism may involve the sabotage of natural settings to protect the environment, such as placing spikes in trees about to be harvested by logging companies. Assassinations committed by terrorist groups through the use of explosives and firearms. Kidnappings, whether accomplished by aircraft hijackings or individual incidents, are used to gain attention and as a bargaining tool to have demands met. Al-Qaeda; Afghanistan until 2001, Southeast Asia, Middle East, worldwide cells Osama bin Laden's network of Arabs who fought against the Soviet Union. Goal to establish a worldwide pan-Islamic Caliphate. Targets non-Islamic regimes and U.S. citizens Al-Qaeda in Iraq: Targets U.S. soldiers and Iraqi citizens; leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi killed by U.S. in 2006 Hezbollah (Party of God); Lebanon, worldwide cells A radical Shi'ite group with aims for the creation of Iranian-style Islamic republic, Dedicated to eliminating Israel, is anti-U.S. and anti- Israel. National Liberation Army (ELN); Colombia, Venezuela Marxist insurgent group inspired by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Targets foreign employees from large corporations. Al-Jihad (AJ); Cairo, Egypt, Yemen, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Lebanon, UK Egyptian Islamic extremists, merged with al-Qaeda in Aims to replace the Egyptian government with Islamic state, attack U.S., Israeli interests. HAMAS (Islamic Resistance Movement); West Bank, Gaza Strip, Israel Outgrowth of the Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood. Aims to replace Israel with Palestinian Islamic state using political and violent means. PETA People for the ethical treatment of animals USA 2 million members. National right to life: Right to life issues including abortion, euthanasia and infanticide. PPL: Protectors of Public Lands is a Coalition of community action groups, environmental organizations and local councils, whose Charter is to protect and preserve significant public lands in public ownership for present and future generations. After the attacks on 9/11, many law enforcement agencies changed their roles to focus more on terrorism related responsibilities, such as the legal aspects discussed on page Discuss some of the possible challenges in implementing these new responsibilities successfully. Write a 2 to 3 page paper (excluding cover page) responding to the following: Illustrate the ethical and legal preparations required for successful prosecution of a case. Research the various crimes discussed in this course and the techniques used to investigate those crimes. Choose at least 2 specific offenses (Homicide, Arson, Burglary, etc.) Consult at least 2 research sources Due next Tuesday at 11:59pm 1. What are the specific ethical considerations that need to be addressed when investigating the specific crime? 2. How can we reduce the ethical problems involved in the investigation of the crimes you selected? 3. What prosecution problems could arise when the case is presented for trial if the investigator was unethical? 4. What ethical issues are directly related to the prosecutor in the case? This unit explored the phenomenon of terrorism. While terrorism itself has been associated with more traditional criminal acts, the desired result of terrorist groups is to effect a governmental or societal change. We explored the origins of terrorism by studying foreign and domestic terrorist groups and becoming familiar with their ideologies. We also looked at criminal acts associated with terrorist activities, as well as the use of proactive and reactive investigative strategies. Unit 10 discussion is for you to take time to reflect on what you have learned from the course and how it will help you in your professional development. Unit 10 is a non-graded discussion. Final test which is due by the Tuesday 11:59pm PST deadline along with all other work and makeup assignments. Any Questions Please ask ????? Its been a fast but very interesting 9 weeks and I have enjoyed getting to work with all of you during the course. I wish you all the best of luck and success in your future!