Upload
kathleen-bryan
View
219
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Welcome to the Welcome to the Professional Association Professional Association
of Therapeutic of Therapeutic Horsemanship Horsemanship InternationalInternational
Riding Instructor Riding Instructor WorkshopWorkshop
Introduction & ObjectiveIntroduction & Objective of Workshop of Workshop
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
IntroductionIntroduction Disability AwarenessDisability Awareness Teaching TechniquesTeaching Techniques
Lesson PlanningLesson Planning Mounting Mounting
DismountingDismounting The Therapy HorseThe Therapy Horse EquipmentEquipment VolunteersVolunteers
Horsemanship Skills Horsemanship Skills ReviewReview
Certification CriteriaCertification Criteria Brenna of Willowind Therapeutic Riding Bar Harbor Maine
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
People FirstPeople FirstLabels vs. CharacteristicsLabels vs. Characteristics
Cover image by Rodale
VS
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Code of Ethics Code of Ethics Incorrect in workshop manual. See PATH Intl. website for updated Incorrect in workshop manual. See PATH Intl. website for updated
versionversion
Principle 1-The member respects the rights, dignity Principle 1-The member respects the rights, dignity and well-being of all individuals (human and and well-being of all individuals (human and equine) and promotes well-being for all involved.equine) and promotes well-being for all involved.
Principle 2-The member accepts responsibility for Principle 2-The member accepts responsibility for the exercise of sound judgment and professional the exercise of sound judgment and professional competence.competence.
Principle 3-The member shall respect the integrity Principle 3-The member shall respect the integrity and well-being of program equines and animals and well-being of program equines and animals whether owned, leased or borrowed.whether owned, leased or borrowed.
Principle 4-The member shall be truthful and fair in Principle 4-The member shall be truthful and fair in representing him or herself and other members or representing him or herself and other members or centers.centers.
Code of Ethics cont. Code of Ethics cont. Incorrect in workshop manual. See PATH Intl. website for updated Incorrect in workshop manual. See PATH Intl. website for updated
versionversion Principle 5-The member shall seek to expand Principle 5-The member shall seek to expand
his/her knowledge base related to the field of his/her knowledge base related to the field of equine-assisted activities and therapies.equine-assisted activities and therapies.
Principle 6-The member shall honor all Principle 6-The member shall honor all financial commitments to participants, financial commitments to participants, personnel, vendors, donors, NARHA and personnel, vendors, donors, NARHA and others.others.
Principle 7-The member shall abide by NARHA Principle 7-The member shall abide by NARHA Standards and Guidelines and all state, local Standards and Guidelines and all state, local and federal laws.and federal laws.
Principle 8-The member supports NARHA in its Principle 8-The member supports NARHA in its efforts to protect participants, equines, the efforts to protect participants, equines, the public and the profession from unethical, public and the profession from unethical, incompetent or illegal practice.incompetent or illegal practice.
The Buck Stops HereThe Buck Stops Here
Risk and Liability Risk and Liability (pg. 10)(pg. 10)
Proactive vs. Proactive vs. ReactiveReactive
Paperwork Please Paperwork Please (pg. 11)(pg. 11)
PATH Intl. PATH Intl. StandardsStandards
Precautions and Precautions and ContraindicationsContraindications
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Therapeutic Riding Therapeutic Riding Program ModelProgram Model
Sport
EducationTherapy
Recreation/
Leisure
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Role of the Instructor Role of the Instructor
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Qualities of the Instructor Qualities of the Instructor
(p. 96)(p. 96)
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Registered Instructor Registered Instructor CriteriaCriteria
(p. 16)(p. 16)
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
The Five Areas of PATH Intl. The Five Areas of PATH Intl. Registered InstructorRegistered Instructor
CriteriaCriteria
Equine ManagementEquine Management HorsemanshipHorsemanship InstructionInstruction Teaching MethodologyTeaching Methodology DisabilitiesDisabilities
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
2010 Clarifications to 2010 Clarifications to Riding CriteriaRiding Criteria
RH.3.1 Know and demonstrate a secure seat and RH.3.1 Know and demonstrate a secure seat and correct alignment at all gaitscorrect alignment at all gaits
RH.4.4 Know and demonstrate control of the RH.4.4 Know and demonstrate control of the horse at horse at all gaitsall gaits
RH.6.2 Demonstrate bending horse through RH.6.2 Demonstrate bending horse through corners and corners and on circleson circles
RH.6.3 Demonstrate half halt or checkRH.6.3 Demonstrate half halt or check
RH.8.6 Know how to lunge a horseRH.8.6 Know how to lunge a horse
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Posting diagonalsCriteria Cont.
Effective June 1, 2011 all certifications candidates do need to demonstrate a proper posting diagonal for their riding pattern. This is one of the many listed, required criteria in the certification booklet.
Posting on the correct diagonal for the PATH Intl. certification is defined below ("correct" diagonal in this case refers to the "outside" diagonal based on the direction of travel in the arena):
The PATH Intl. Registered Instructor Criteria requires that all candidates demonstrate posting on the correct diagonal during the riding pattern. Posting on the correct diagonal refers to posting in rhythm, at the trot, in unison with the diagonal pair of legs indicated by the horse's inside hind leg and outside front leg. When the rider changes direction it is expected that the rider will change the posting diagonal to continue to be in unison with the horse's inside hind leg and outside front leg. Your body should rise out of the saddle when the outside front leg and inside hind leg of the horse moves forward. The purpose of the demonstration of posting on the requested correct diagonal is to show the candidate’s knowledge of diagonals, the trotting rhythm and gait, and also how to conduct a change of the posting diagonal.
Horsemanship Skills ChecklistHorsemanship Skills Checklist
In preparation for Registered In preparation for Registered Certification, a professional Certification, a professional horseperson is to sign off on horseperson is to sign off on candidate’s knowledge and skill.candidate’s knowledge and skill.
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Horsemanship Skills ChecklistHorsemanship Skills Checklist To assist in preparation for Registered To assist in preparation for Registered
Certification, a professional horseperson is Certification, a professional horseperson is asked to sign off on your knowledge and skill in asked to sign off on your knowledge and skill in the following areas. the following areas.
PATH Intl. STANDARDSPATH Intl. STANDARDS **(Candidate checks off this section only)**(Candidate checks off this section only) Demonstrates knowledge and implements PATH Intl. Demonstrates knowledge and implements PATH Intl.
Standards and their interpretation for horse care and Standards and their interpretation for horse care and maintenance. maintenance. (EQM Equestrian Management)(EQM Equestrian Management)
Demonstrates knowledge and implements PATH Intl. Demonstrates knowledge and implements PATH Intl.
Standards and their interpretation regarding the use Standards and their interpretation regarding the use of safety equipment and adaptive equipment. of safety equipment and adaptive equipment. (Facility (Facility and Activity Standards)and Activity Standards)
*(All topics below to be checked off by Equine *(All topics below to be checked off by Equine Professional)Professional)
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
HORSE SENSES AND BEHAVIORHORSE SENSES AND BEHAVIOR
Demonstrates knowledge of the characteristics of the Demonstrates knowledge of the characteristics of the senses of the horse.senses of the horse.
Demonstrates knowledge of the characteristics of Demonstrates knowledge of the characteristics of horse behavior.horse behavior.
Demonstrates knowledge of how the senses of the Demonstrates knowledge of how the senses of the
horse and horse behavior affect the safety of the horse and horse behavior affect the safety of the riding setting.riding setting.
Can identify stable vices including: cribbing, weaving, Can identify stable vices including: cribbing, weaving,
biting and kicking, wood chewingbiting and kicking, wood chewing
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
STABLE MANAGEMENTSTABLE MANAGEMENT
Horse Care (Daily)Horse Care (Daily)
Horse SafetyHorse Safety
FeedingFeeding
Breeds/TypeBreeds/Type
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
BREAKBREAK
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Posture and AlignmentPosture and Alignment
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Posture and Alignment Posture and Alignment (p. 24)(p. 24)
Posture is habitualPosture is habitual Static vs. dynamic or still vs. movingStatic vs. dynamic or still vs. moving Correct PostureCorrect Posture
Ear to shoulder to hip to heelEar to shoulder to hip to heel Pelvis neutral – not anterior or posteriorPelvis neutral – not anterior or posterior Symmetrical – even weight distributionSymmetrical – even weight distribution
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
What Affects Posture and What Affects Posture and Alignment?Alignment?
EquipmentEquipment Saddle fitSaddle fit
Horse’s conformation and Horse’s conformation and movementmovement
Rider’s conformation and poor Rider’s conformation and poor posture posture
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
How Does the How Does the Rider Maintain Posture?Rider Maintain Posture?
Maintain posture with balance Maintain posture with balance reactionsreactions equilibrium responseequilibrium response keeping head upright and keeping head upright and using different muscles using different muscles
constantly to keep body aligned.constantly to keep body aligned. Soft eyes, horizon eyesSoft eyes, horizon eyes
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
How to improve posture?How to improve posture? Look at rider from side and from backLook at rider from side and from back Develop an eye for correct riding postureDevelop an eye for correct riding posture Cultivate techniques to improve riding Cultivate techniques to improve riding
posture (imagery, concrete exercises)posture (imagery, concrete exercises) Understand normal posture before working Understand normal posture before working
with posture of person with disabilitywith posture of person with disability To correct posture work proximal to distalTo correct posture work proximal to distal
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Self-Study PhotosSelf-Study Photos
Workshop participants evaluate Workshop participants evaluate posture and alignment of photos posture and alignment of photos presentedpresented
Critique and determine strategies for Critique and determine strategies for improvementimprovement
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Riding VideosRiding Videos
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Sample Riding Sample Riding Demonstration VideosDemonstration Videos
PassPass
FailFailBorderlineBorderline
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
@ Walk
@ Trot/Jog
@ Canter/Lope
During transitions
Total
Comments
1) Warm-up
2) Posture & Alignment
3) Light contact/control
4) Straightness of horse
5) Effective natural aids (i.e.: hand, seat, leg)6) Bending through corners and on circles7) Following seat & hand
8) Smooth transitions ----
9) Diagonals/leads ---- ---- ----
10) Halt ---- ---- ----
11) Backing ---- ---- ---- ----
12) Dismount ---- ---- ---- ----
13) Did they demonstrate all required components of the pattern? _____ Yes _____ No If no, please comment:_________________________________________________________________________
14)Would you be comfortable requesting the sitting trot without stirrups? _____ Yes _____ No
Riders must accomplish a minimum score of 95 to pass plus a “yes” for completion of all required components.
An average rider at this level (all 3’s) would score 108; a below average rider (all 2’s) would score 72.
Registered Instructor Riding Video Evaluation Form-Pg 130
Based on the Registered Instructor Horsemanship Criteria, score this rider from 0 to 4 in the following areas:0 - Not demonstrated 1 - Insufficient 2 - Below standard 3 - Meets standard 4 - Exceeds standard
BREAK for LUNCHBREAK for LUNCH
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Lesson Plans/Class StructureLesson Plans/Class Structure
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Lesson PlanLesson Plan
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Lesson Plan/FormatLesson Plan/FormatTeacher Preparation/EquipmentTeacher Preparation/EquipmentNeeded:Needed:
Objective of Lesson:Objective of Lesson:
Lesson Content/Procedure:Lesson Content/Procedure:Warm-UpWarm-UpExplanation: What, Why, How, WhereExplanation: What, Why, How, WherePracticePracticeProgressionProgressionWrap-UpWrap-Up
Summary and Evaluation:Summary and Evaluation:
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Goals & ObjectivesGoals & Objectives
(p. 106)(p. 106)
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Goals & ObjectivesGoals & Objectives
Goals:Goals: Broad, general statements of Broad, general statements of
projected achievementprojected achievement
Objectives:Objectives: Specific and student Specific and student
centered. What will the student learn centered. What will the student learn
In this lesson?In this lesson?
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Objectives Include:Objectives Include: Action Verb: Action Verb: Indicates the action to Indicates the action to
be takenbe taken i.e. demonstrate, recite, i.e. demonstrate, recite, show, nameshow, name
Task or Performance: Task or Performance: What is What is accomplishedaccomplished
Measurement Device: Measurement Device: Indicates Indicates how you know the task has been how you know the task has been accomplished i.e. how many times, accomplished i.e. how many times, how often, when, where and howhow often, when, where and how
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Objectives: Answer 3 Objectives: Answer 3 QuestionsQuestions
What Performance?What Performance? What do you What do you expect the individual to do?expect the individual to do?
What Conditions?What Conditions? How? Under what How? Under what circumstance will the learning occur?circumstance will the learning occur?
What Criteria?What Criteria? How much? Do you How much? Do you want total mastery 100% or 80%?want total mastery 100% or 80%?
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Sample ObjectivesSample Objectives
1.1. Rider will name twenty parts of the Rider will name twenty parts of the horse.horse.
2.2. Rider will trot on the correct posting Rider will trot on the correct posting diagonal 4 out of 6 triesdiagonal 4 out of 6 tries
3.3. Rider will canter a three loop Rider will canter a three loop serpentine with correct leads two serpentine with correct leads two times.times.
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
BREAKBREAK
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
What’s, How's, and What’s, How's, and Why’sWhy’s
& & Learning StylesLearning Styles
(p. 113)(p. 113)
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
What’s How’s and Why’s (pg. What’s How’s and Why’s (pg. 113)113)
The content of teachingThe content of teaching The explanationsThe explanations Imparting of knowledgeImparting of knowledge What separates a teacher from a What separates a teacher from a
“traffic cop”“traffic cop”
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
TEACHING A RIDING SKILL
A RIDING SKILL MUST BE TAUGHT BY THE CANDIDATE.
Use your What, Hows and Whys!
(Task Analysis)
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
TEACHING A RIDING SKILLTEACHING A RIDING SKILL RIDING SKILL VS. ACTIVITYRIDING SKILL VS. ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY RIDING SKILL(S)
Walk/trot over poles
Cloverleaf/barrel pattern
Rings on poles
Weaving cones
Obstacle course
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
PracticePractice
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Skill ProgressionSkill Progression
(p. 107)(p. 107)
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Skill ProgressionSkill Progression An example of a skill progression An example of a skill progression
for a young child is:for a young child is:1.1. CrawlingCrawling2.2. StandingStanding3.3. CruisingCruising4.4. Walking Walking 5.5. Running Running 6.6. Jumping Jumping
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Skill Progression Skill Progression
Have REASONS for teaching the skills Have REASONS for teaching the skills in the order that you choose in the order that you choose
First things first!First things first! teach a circle before weaving the cones teach a circle before weaving the cones
or teach weaving the cones before the or teach weaving the cones before the circle circle
There is no right or wrong There is no right or wrong However, have a reason for the order in However, have a reason for the order in
which you teach skillswhich you teach skills
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
ConsiderationsConsiderations
Choose skill specifically Choose skill specifically Build a solid foundationBuild a solid foundation ProgressionProgression Include reasonsInclude reasons
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
LEVELS OF ASSISTANCELEVELS OF ASSISTANCE Physical PromptPhysical Prompt
Gestural PromptGestural Prompt
Verbal PromptVerbal Prompt
IndependentIndependent
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Layers of SupportLayers of Support
Elements of support progressElements of support progress
from from
more assistance more assistance
to increased to increased
independence independence
as rider progresses in skills.as rider progresses in skills.Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Layers of Support Layers of Support (cont.)(cont.) EquipmentEquipment
Selection for RiderSelection for Rider Selection for HorseSelection for Horse MaintenanceMaintenance
VolunteersVolunteers SelectionSelection TrainingTraining Utilization During Class (levels of assistance)Utilization During Class (levels of assistance) Continuing EducationContinuing Education
EnvironmentEnvironment Arena Size and ConstructionArena Size and Construction Arena LocationArena Location Riding SurfaceRiding Surface
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Skill Progression Exercise (pg. Skill Progression Exercise (pg. 108)108)
Exercise AExercise A Exercise BExercise B_Walk_Walk _pivot_pivot_turn on the forehand_turn on the forehand _diagonals_diagonals_canter from walk_canter from walk _simple lead _simple lead changeschanges_two-point trot_two-point trot _serpentines_serpentines_circle_circle _lope_lope_posting trot_posting trot _figure 8_figure 8_canter from the trot_canter from the trot _leads_leads_sitting trot_sitting trot _flying lead _flying lead changeschanges_riding on contact_riding on contact _posting trot_posting trot_halt_halt _rein-back_rein-back
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Write a Lesson PlanWrite a Lesson Plan
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Lesson Plan CritiquesLesson Plan Critiques
Review Lesson PlansReview Lesson Plans
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
End of Day 1End of Day 1
Questions?Questions?
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Day 2Day 2
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Welcome Back!Welcome Back!
Teaching TechniquesTeaching Techniques
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Class ControlClass Control
Maintain safe spacingMaintain safe spacing Central position is best to keep all riders in Central position is best to keep all riders in
your viewyour view Rider moves to center hands-on correctionRider moves to center hands-on correction Check positions, stirrups, girth by having Check positions, stirrups, girth by having
riders ride up center line or across diagonalriders ride up center line or across diagonal Skill Progression within the lessonSkill Progression within the lesson
use Layers of Support to promote independence use Layers of Support to promote independence safelysafely
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Effective Praise (pg. 118)Effective Praise (pg. 118)
Specify what the rider is doing wellSpecify what the rider is doing well Reinforce noteworthy effort or Reinforce noteworthy effort or
successsuccess Vary your praise words (not just Vary your praise words (not just
“good job”)“good job”) Be honest - False praise can Be honest - False praise can
decrease self-respectdecrease self-respect
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Instructor or Traffic Cop?Instructor or Traffic Cop?
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Teaching TechniquesTeaching TechniquesReviewReview
Lesson FormatLesson FormatPreparation Preparation ExplanationExplanation
DemonstrationDemonstration ApplicationApplication
CorrectionCorrection RepetitionRepetition
ProgressionProgressionWithin LessonWithin Lesson Hows & WhysHows & Whys
Task AnalysisTask Analysis
Communication SkillsCommunication Skills
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere
Learning and Teaching StylesLearning and Teaching Styles(p. 114)(p. 114)
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Auditory Learner:Auditory Learner:Learns through listeningLearns through listening
Uses phrases like: “that sounds familiar, Uses phrases like: “that sounds familiar, that sounds right, tune in, hear what you that sounds right, tune in, hear what you are saying, music to my ears, clear to me”are saying, music to my ears, clear to me”
Use sound, rhyme, rhythm, music, vary Use sound, rhyme, rhythm, music, vary voice tone and volume. voice tone and volume.
Have student talk through the activity. Ask Have student talk through the activity. Ask questions, use student as coach, and/or questions, use student as coach, and/or partner workpartner work
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Visual Learner:Visual Learner:Learns through seeing Learns through seeing
Says: “I remember your face, let’s draw/map Says: “I remember your face, let’s draw/map this, I need to picture this, see how it works, this, I need to picture this, see how it works, see it from a different perspective”see it from a different perspective”
Use spatial orientation in arena, maps, Use spatial orientation in arena, maps, charts, letters/orientation markers, mind charts, letters/orientation markers, mind maps, visualization techniques, use of maps, visualization techniques, use of self/demonstrationself/demonstration
Keep a white board handy!Keep a white board handy! Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Kinesthetic Learner:Kinesthetic Learner:Learns through moving, doing, touchingLearns through moving, doing, touching
Says: “Getting a feel of this, doesn’t sit Says: “Getting a feel of this, doesn’t sit right, good/bad feelings about this, my gut right, good/bad feelings about this, my gut tells me, need to get a grip of this, etc.” tells me, need to get a grip of this, etc.”
Identifies sensations of the activityIdentifies sensations of the activity
Benefits from visuals of a map, but have Benefits from visuals of a map, but have student draw or tracestudent draw or trace
Students like to manipulate objects when Students like to manipulate objects when explaining activity/game/skillexplaining activity/game/skill
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Disability Terms Disability Terms and Classificationsand Classifications
Copyright 2008. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Common TermsCommon Terms
Impairment:Impairment: A loss or abnormality of A loss or abnormality of function; either physical, cognitive, function; either physical, cognitive, psycho/social, or anatomical.psycho/social, or anatomical.
Disability:Disability: A restriction or lack of ability to A restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or way perform an activity in the manner or way considered normal function.considered normal function.
Handicap:Handicap: A disadvantage that limits or A disadvantage that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal.prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal.
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere..
Classifications Classifications (p. 62)(p. 62)
Congenital vs. Congenital vs. AcquiredAcquired
Progressive vs. Progressive vs. Non-ProgressiveNon-Progressive
Pre-Lingual vs. Pre-Lingual vs. Post-LingualPost-Lingual
Level of FunctionLevel of Function MildMild ModerateModerate SevereSevere ProfoundProfound
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
ClassificationsClassifications Limb InvolvementLimb Involvement
MonoplegicMonoplegic HemiplegicHemiplegic ParaplegicParaplegic DiplegicDiplegic QuadriplegicQuadriplegic TriplegicTriplegic
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Physical DisabilitiesPhysical Disabilities
Copyright 2008. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Physical DisabilitiesPhysical Disabilities(p. 63)(p. 63)
Primarily characterized by Primarily characterized by abnormalities in the following:abnormalities in the following:
Muscle ToneMuscle ToneRange of Motion (ROM)Range of Motion (ROM)Compromised Motor FunctionCompromised Motor Function
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Muscle ToneMuscle Tone Muscle tone refers to the amount of tension Muscle tone refers to the amount of tension
or resistance to movement in a muscle. or resistance to movement in a muscle.
Describes how ready the muscle is to reactDescribes how ready the muscle is to react
Can be asymmetricalCan be asymmetrical Can be different in Can be different in
different areas of the bodydifferent areas of the body
Can fluctuateCan fluctuate
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Muscle ToneMuscle Tone
HypotonicHypotonic
FlaccidFlaccid
Cannot Maintain Cannot Maintain postureposture
HypertonicHypertonic
SpasticSpastic
Difficulty releasingDifficulty releasing
positionposition
RigidityRigidity
Low Normal High
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
What Affects ToneWhat Affects Tone Weight BearingWeight Bearing RotationRotation Quick MovementsQuick Movements ExcitementExcitement StressStress Horse’s Behavior & MovementHorse’s Behavior & Movement Instructor’s Voice & Body LanguageInstructor’s Voice & Body Language Ring Set Up & ActivityRing Set Up & Activity Others?Others?
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Primitive ReflexesPrimitive Reflexes
Symmetrical Tonic ReflexSymmetrical Tonic Reflex
Asymmetrical Tonic Neck ReflexAsymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex
Positive Support ReflexPositive Support Reflex
Equilibrium Reactions-BalanceEquilibrium Reactions-Balance
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Physical Disabilities with Physical Disabilities with HypertonicityHypertonicity
Spastic Cerebral Palsy (60-70%)Spastic Cerebral Palsy (60-70%) Traumatic/Acquired Brain InjuryTraumatic/Acquired Brain Injury Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA/Stroke)Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA/Stroke) Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis Spinal Cord InjurySpinal Cord Injury Spina BifidaSpina Bifida
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Physical Disabilities with Physical Disabilities with HypotonicityHypotonicity
Ataxic, Athetoid or Hypotonic Cerebral PalsyAtaxic, Athetoid or Hypotonic Cerebral Palsy Traumatic/Acquired Brain InjuryTraumatic/Acquired Brain Injury Down SyndromeDown Syndrome Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis Spinal Cord InjurySpinal Cord Injury Spina BifidaSpina Bifida Intellectual Deficiency (Mental Retardation)Intellectual Deficiency (Mental Retardation)
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Range of Motion (ROM)Range of Motion (ROM) Limited range of motion within a jointLimited range of motion within a joint Presentation:Presentation:
inflammation or abnormality in bone mass or inflammation or abnormality in bone mass or structurestructure
Contractures where hypertonicity presentContractures where hypertonicity present Disabilities:Disabilities:
ArthritisArthritis AmputationAmputation DwarfismDwarfism Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy Traumatic Brain InjuryTraumatic Brain Injury CVA/StrokeCVA/Stroke ArthrogryposisArthrogryposis
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Compromised Motor Compromised Motor FunctionFunction
Decreased ability to perform motor Decreased ability to perform motor activitiesactivities
Progressive and/or disorders of the Progressive and/or disorders of the autoimmune system:autoimmune system: Cystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Muscular FibrosisMuscular Fibrosis Muscular DystrophyMuscular Dystrophy Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis Guillain Bare SyndromeGuillain Bare Syndrome Friedrich’s Friedrich’s
AtaxiaAtaxia
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Strategies for HypertonicityStrategies for Hypertonicity
Horse: narrow to medium, rhythmic gaitsHorse: narrow to medium, rhythmic gaits Mount first (unless fatigue is an issue) Mount first (unless fatigue is an issue) Sidepull, hackamore or reins to halterSidepull, hackamore or reins to halter Bareback pad with surcingle, close contact or English Bareback pad with surcingle, close contact or English
saddlesaddle Devonshire boots or rubber bands to hold feet in stirrupsDevonshire boots or rubber bands to hold feet in stirrups Seat saver as neededSeat saver as needed May need longer warm-up May need longer warm-up Avoid forcing limbs into position Avoid forcing limbs into position Align pelvis to a neutral position firstAlign pelvis to a neutral position first Encourage correct head alignment arms/upper trunk.Encourage correct head alignment arms/upper trunk. Progress from straight lines with low impulsion to circles Progress from straight lines with low impulsion to circles
with more impulsionwith more impulsion Track away from weaker sideTrack away from weaker side
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Strategies for HypotonicityStrategies for Hypotonicity
Medium to wide based horse with “trappy” Medium to wide based horse with “trappy” (choppy) gaits (choppy) gaits
Saddle that offers supportSaddle that offers support Devonshire boots or rubber bandsDevonshire boots or rubber bands Stabilize flaccid limbsStabilize flaccid limbs Stimulate weight shift/balancing reactions Stimulate weight shift/balancing reactions Use irregular rhythm/transitions to normalize toneUse irregular rhythm/transitions to normalize tone Move limbs against gravity in lesson activitiesMove limbs against gravity in lesson activities Be cautious of joint dislocationBe cautious of joint dislocation Seat saver to prevent skin irritationsSeat saver to prevent skin irritations
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Additional ConsiderationsAdditional Considerations Exacerbation of any disorder:Exacerbation of any disorder:
Be aware of flare-upsBe aware of flare-ups Avoid extreme temperaturesAvoid extreme temperatures Increase amount of exercise very slowlyIncrease amount of exercise very slowly
Asymmetrical posture & alignmentAsymmetrical posture & alignment Focus on progressive approximationFocus on progressive approximation Use task analysis to build toward successUse task analysis to build toward success Work proximal to distalWork proximal to distal
Seizures Seizures Tonic-Clonic (Grand Mal) Tonic-Clonic (Grand Mal) Absence (Petite Mal)Absence (Petite Mal)
Atonic (Drop Seizure) Atonic (Drop Seizure) Other: partial, no loss of Other: partial, no loss of
consciousnessconsciousness
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Physical and Cognitive Physical and Cognitive DisabilitiesDisabilitiesVideoVideo by Equestby Equest
Dynamic Posture and Dynamic Posture and AlignmentAlignment
Unmounted and MountedUnmounted and Mounted
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
BREAKBREAK
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Intake and AssessmentIntake and Assessment
(p. 80)(p. 80)
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Considerations for Accepting a Considerations for Accepting a RiderRider
Instructor’s Knowledge of the Instructor’s Knowledge of the DisabilityDisability
Instructor’s Skill LevelInstructor’s Skill Level Weight of RiderWeight of Rider Height of RiderHeight of Rider Degree of DisabilityDegree of Disability
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Considerations for Accepting a Considerations for Accepting a Rider Rider (cont’d)(cont’d)
Precautions & ContraindicationsPrecautions & Contraindications Suitable HorseSuitable Horse Suitable EquipmentSuitable Equipment Team Member SkillsTeam Member Skills Number of Trained VolunteersNumber of Trained Volunteers Scheduling ConsiderationsScheduling Considerations
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
RecommendationsRecommendations Activity TypeActivity Type Horse TypeHorse Type Leader, # of SidewalkersLeader, # of Sidewalkers Mount/DismountMount/Dismount Tack and EquipmentTack and Equipment Helmet SizeHelmet Size Short-term GoalsShort-term Goals Long-term GoalsLong-term Goals
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Intake Assessment Intake Assessment ComponentsComponents
Profile, Medical History, Family InfoProfile, Medical History, Family Info Assessment ProcedureAssessment Procedure
Social SkillsSocial Skills CognitionCognition Oral Motor/Language SkillsOral Motor/Language Skills SensorimotorSensorimotor Range of MotionRange of Motion Strength Strength ToneTone
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Additional Task AssessmentAdditional Task Assessment
Functional MobilityFunctional Mobility Activities of Daily Living StatusActivities of Daily Living Status BehaviorBehavior
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
The PlanThe Plan
Rider’s GoalsRider’s Goals
Family GoalsFamily Goals
Rider StrengthsRider Strengths
Rider WeaknessesRider Weaknesses
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Task AnalysisTask Analysis
(p. 109)(p. 109)
““Process of isolating, Process of isolating, sequencing, and describing all of sequencing, and describing all of the essential components of a the essential components of a task”task” Howell, Kaplan, and O’Connell (1979)Howell, Kaplan, and O’Connell (1979)
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Why Use Task Analysis?Why Use Task Analysis?(pg. 109)(pg. 109)
RemedialRemedial To teach a new skillTo teach a new skill Consistency for Consistency for
riders/volunteersriders/volunteers
Copyright 2008. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Task: Correct Way to Hold Task: Correct Way to Hold ReinsReins
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Task: Correct Way to Hold Task: Correct Way to Hold ReinsReins
Identify ReinsIdentify Reins
Extend arms and hands in front of body, palms Extend arms and hands in front of body, palms downdown
Lower hands to reinsLower hands to reins
Grasp reinsGrasp reins
Put hands togetherPut hands together
Turn thumbs up (separate slightly)Turn thumbs up (separate slightly)
Raise hands slightly off horse’s neckRaise hands slightly off horse’s neck
Raise head and straighten trunkRaise head and straighten trunkCopyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Task AnalysisTask Analysis
Group ExerciseGroup Exercise
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
BREAK for LUNCHBREAK for LUNCH
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Tack and EquipmentTack and Equipment
Practicum in StablePracticum in Stable
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
VolunteersVolunteers
Practicum in ArenaPracticum in Arena
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
BREAKBREAK
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Mount/DismountMount/Dismount
Practicum in ArenaPracticum in Arena
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Horse ConsiderationsHorse Considerationsfor Mount/Dismountfor Mount/Dismount
Decrease stress to horseDecrease stress to horse Limit time spent in ramp/block areaLimit time spent in ramp/block area Check tack prior to horse in rampCheck tack prior to horse in ramp Consider which will be first at blockConsider which will be first at block
Horse or rider/vols.Horse or rider/vols. Determining factors: facility set-up, training, Determining factors: facility set-up, training,
otherother Adjust stirrups away from ramp areaAdjust stirrups away from ramp area
Make sure horse is balanced/squareMake sure horse is balanced/square Teach/assist riders to sit gently, avoid toe dragTeach/assist riders to sit gently, avoid toe drag Set up area to provide straight exitSet up area to provide straight exit
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere
End of Day 2End of Day 2
Questions?Questions?
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Day 3Day 3
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Welcome Back!Welcome Back!
Analyze the Following 5 Analyze the Following 5 RidersRiders
What’s going well: specific praiseWhat’s going well: specific praise What is detrimental to the horse: How What is detrimental to the horse: How
would you fix it and why?would you fix it and why? What aspects of these riders are What aspects of these riders are
deviating from the ideal: How to deviating from the ideal: How to correct and why?correct and why?
Equipment?Equipment? Volunteers?Volunteers?
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Cognitive ImpairmentsCognitive Impairments
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Cognitive ImpairmentsCognitive Impairments(p. 66) (p. 66)
Discrepancy between chronological Discrepancy between chronological age and cognitive maturityage and cognitive maturity
Low IQ scores Low IQ scores Learn best through use of all 3 Learn best through use of all 3
Learning Styles – emphasize Learning Styles – emphasize kinesthetickinesthetic
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Disabilities where Cognitive Disabilities where Cognitive Impairment may be seen:Impairment may be seen:
Developmental DelayDevelopmental Delay Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Disability (Formerly MR)Formerly MR) Fragile x SyndromeFragile x Syndrome Down SyndromeDown Syndrome AutismAutism (Substance Abuse Disorder) formerly (Substance Abuse Disorder) formerly
known as Fetal Alcohol Syndromeknown as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Acquired Brain Injury (ABI/TBI)Acquired Brain Injury (ABI/TBI) CVA/StrokeCVA/Stroke Cerebral Palsy (some cases)Cerebral Palsy (some cases)Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH
Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Strategies for Cognitive Strategies for Cognitive ImpairmentImpairment
Anxiety and FearAnxiety and Fear Delayed ProcessingDelayed Processing Impaired Sense of SafetyImpaired Sense of Safety Short Attention SpanShort Attention Span Impaired MemoryImpaired Memory Low EsteemLow Esteem Decreased Problem SolvingDecreased Problem Solving Difficulty SequencingDifficulty Sequencing
Repetition and consistencyRepetition and consistency Visual cuesVisual cues Notebook to track progressNotebook to track progress Movement & kinesthetic inputMovement & kinesthetic input Mind mappingMind mapping Include classificationsInclude classifications Music, rhymes, songs to recall wordsMusic, rhymes, songs to recall words
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Impaired Memory - Impaired Memory - DysnomiaDysnomia
Learning DisabilitiesLearning Disabilities(p. 68)(p. 68)
Compromised ability of brain to:Compromised ability of brain to: Receive, process, analyze or store Receive, process, analyze or store
informationinformation IQ normal or highIQ normal or high
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Types of Learning Types of Learning DisabilitiesDisabilities
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD)Disorder (ADHD) DyslexiaDyslexia
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Strategies for Learning Strategies for Learning DisabilitiesDisabilities
DistractibilityDistractibility ImpulsivityImpulsivity Compromised Receptive LanguageCompromised Receptive Language Compromised Expressive LanguageCompromised Expressive Language
Strategies for Learning DisabilitiesStrategies for Learning Disabilities
Difficulty with Change/TransitionsDifficulty with Change/Transitions
Teach transition as skillTeach transition as skill Limit change until trust is establishedLimit change until trust is established Structured lesson with consistent planStructured lesson with consistent plan Use music to ease transitionUse music to ease transition Use schedules to help riders transitionUse schedules to help riders transition
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Language ImpairmentsLanguage Impairments(p. 70)(p. 70)
Loss or impairment of speechLoss or impairment of speech ExpressiveExpressive
Inability to understand speechInability to understand speech ReceptiveReceptive
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Language ImpairmentsLanguage Impairments
Disabilities:Disabilities: Acquired Brain Acquired Brain
Injury (TBI)Injury (TBI) CVA/StrokeCVA/Stroke Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy AutismAutism
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Strategies forStrategies forLanguage ImpairmentsLanguage Impairments
Non-VerbalNon-Verbal Augmentative communicationAugmentative communication Develop mutually understandable cuesDevelop mutually understandable cues Clear, concise verbalization w/ visual demoClear, concise verbalization w/ visual demo Parent/caregiver present to identify Parent/caregiver present to identify
discomfort/frustrationdiscomfort/frustration Train volunteers to assist communicationTrain volunteers to assist communication
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Strategies for Language ImpairmentsStrategies for Language Impairments
Impaired SpeechImpaired Speech Maintain relaxed manner if difficult to Maintain relaxed manner if difficult to
understandunderstand Encourage simple verbal responsesEncourage simple verbal responses Listen with interestListen with interest Plan for talk timePlan for talk time Model correct languageModel correct language Expand vocabulary with horse termsExpand vocabulary with horse terms Provide writing toolsProvide writing tools
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Strategies for Language ImpairmentsStrategies for Language Impairments
PerseverationPerseveration
RedirectRedirect Appropriate Appropriate
expectationsexpectations Set environment to Set environment to
prevent or reduce prevent or reduce occurrenceoccurrence
Set reasonable Set reasonable limitslimits
Delayed Processing Delayed Processing TimeTime Speak clearly, look Speak clearly, look
at riderat rider Allow time to Allow time to
process/organizeprocess/organize Provide vocabulary Provide vocabulary
list of horse list of horse terminologyterminology
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Sensory Integration Sensory Integration DysfunctionDysfunction
(p. 71) (p. 71) Inability of brain to process information Inability of brain to process information
from senses:from senses: vision, touch, smell, hearing, tastevision, touch, smell, hearing, taste Vestibular – awareness of body position Vestibular – awareness of body position
in relation to gravity thru inner earin relation to gravity thru inner ear Proprioceptive – awareness of body in Proprioceptive – awareness of body in
space thru muscles, bones, tendonsspace thru muscles, bones, tendons Tactile – info on pressure, movement, Tactile – info on pressure, movement,
vibration, temp, pain thru skin/hairvibration, temp, pain thru skin/hair
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Sensory Integration Sensory Integration DysfunctionDysfunction
Distinct diagnosis Distinct diagnosis Specific diagnostic criteriaSpecific diagnostic criteria Can be primary diagnosis or secondaryCan be primary diagnosis or secondary
Can be secondary toCan be secondary to AutismAutism PDD/NOSPDD/NOS Developmental delaysDevelopmental delays Genetic anomaliesGenetic anomalies In-utero drug exposureIn-utero drug exposure Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Strategies for Sensory Strategies for Sensory Integration DysfunctionIntegration Dysfunction
Hypersensitive to light touchHypersensitive to light touch Avoid light touch – use deep pressureAvoid light touch – use deep pressure Adapt equipment – i.e. reinsAdapt equipment – i.e. reins
Gravitational insecurityGravitational insecurity Take it slowTake it slow Tack – stirrups, supportive saddleTack – stirrups, supportive saddle Horse – short, wide baseHorse – short, wide base Avoid inverted head/backwards positionsAvoid inverted head/backwards positions
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Strategies for SI DysfuntionStrategies for SI Dysfuntion
ImpulsivityImpulsivity Supervise closelySupervise closely Teach to learning style – visual, kinesthetic Teach to learning style – visual, kinesthetic
cuescues
Decreased body awarenessDecreased body awareness Horse with concussive gaitHorse with concussive gait StirrupsStirrups Vary horse movement and/or ground surfaceVary horse movement and/or ground surface
Difficulty with transitionsDifficulty with transitions Prepare rider for planned activitiesPrepare rider for planned activities Schedule board with words or picture symbolsSchedule board with words or picture symbols
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Behavioral/Social IssuesBehavioral/Social Issues
Ask questions to work on languageAsk questions to work on language Teach alternative behaviorsTeach alternative behaviors Set clear goals and steps to achieveSet clear goals and steps to achieve Be consistentBe consistent Create positive toneCreate positive tone Structured environment and classStructured environment and class Redirect behavior – engage student in Redirect behavior – engage student in
riding skillriding skill
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Strategies for Sensory Strategies for Sensory Integration DysfunctionIntegration Dysfunction
Easily distractedEasily distracted Self-stimming behaviorsSelf-stimming behaviors Auditory defensivenessAuditory defensiveness Decreased gross motor planning & Decreased gross motor planning &
coordinationcoordination Poor visual/spatial processingPoor visual/spatial processing Difficulty processing auditory inputDifficulty processing auditory input
Hearing ImpairmentsHearing Impairments(p. 73)(p. 73)
Physical impairment causing hearing Physical impairment causing hearing deficitdeficit For auditory processing difficulties, see For auditory processing difficulties, see
Learning Disabilities strategiesLearning Disabilities strategies
May be secondary to other Dx i.e.May be secondary to other Dx i.e. Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy TBITBI CVACVA
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Strategies for Hearing Strategies for Hearing ImpairedImpaired
AssessAssess Type and degree of deficitType and degree of deficit Congenital or acquiredCongenital or acquired Static or progressiveStatic or progressive Rider’s communication – Rider’s communication – lip reading, signing, PEClip reading, signing, PEC
General ApproachGeneral Approach Stay centered in arenaStay centered in arena Give visual cuesGive visual cues Establish communication systemEstablish communication system Consider interpreterConsider interpreter Monitor rider in barn environmentMonitor rider in barn environment
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Communication ChallengesCommunication Challenges Establish sign for emergency proceduresEstablish sign for emergency procedures Train volunteers to assistTrain volunteers to assist Visual demo by other ridersVisual demo by other riders Monitor hearing aids for proper functionMonitor hearing aids for proper function
Avoid FrustrationAvoid Frustration Establish means of 2-way communicationEstablish means of 2-way communication Assess balance involvement, other sensesAssess balance involvement, other senses Use task analysisUse task analysis Use visuals: demo rider, arena mirrorUse visuals: demo rider, arena mirror Speak slowly, distinctly -- Face rider Speak slowly, distinctly -- Face rider Inform riders/volunteers of HI student’s needsInform riders/volunteers of HI student’s needs
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Strategies for Hearing ImpairedStrategies for Hearing Impaired
Balance and Rhythm IssuesBalance and Rhythm Issues Determine level of vestibular involvementDetermine level of vestibular involvement
Horse: medium to wide, steady, distinct gaitsHorse: medium to wide, steady, distinct gaits Tack: supportive, Tack: supportive, ie. Western saddle, deep seat ie. Western saddle, deep seat
dressagedressage Emphasize “feel” of movementEmphasize “feel” of movement Exercises for awareness of center/even weight Exercises for awareness of center/even weight
distributiondistribution Volunteers as neededVolunteers as needed
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Strategies for Hearing ImpairedStrategies for Hearing Impaired
FearFear Acknowledge fearAcknowledge fear Volunteers for support as neededVolunteers for support as needed Challenge only to ability levelChallenge only to ability level Rider set pace of advancementRider set pace of advancement
Social/behavioral issuesSocial/behavioral issues Establish clear expectationsEstablish clear expectations Be consistentBe consistent Structured environment and classStructured environment and class Rider may have difficulty expressing feelingsRider may have difficulty expressing feelings Rider may say “yes” when not understandingRider may say “yes” when not understanding
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Vision ImpairmentVision Impairment(p. 75)(p. 75)
Physical impairment Physical impairment Vision lossVision loss Total blindnessTotal blindness For Vision Processing deficits – See Learning For Vision Processing deficits – See Learning
Disabilities strategiesDisabilities strategies
May be secondary to other Dx i.e.May be secondary to other Dx i.e. Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy TBITBI CVACVA DiabetesDiabetes
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Strategies for Strategies for VisionVision ImpairedImpaired
Assess Student Assess Student Limited visual field vs. blindnessLimited visual field vs. blindness Determine extent of vision”Determine extent of vision” Congenital vs. acquiredCongenital vs. acquired If “legally blind” – determine functionIf “legally blind” – determine function
Limited Visual Field/BlindLimited Visual Field/Blind Map arena kinesthetically and writtenMap arena kinesthetically and written Determine size/contrast (of colors) for visualsDetermine size/contrast (of colors) for visuals Practice emergency proceduresPractice emergency procedures Horse: comfortable close to railHorse: comfortable close to rail Challenge appropriately, encourage independenceChallenge appropriately, encourage independence Volunteers as verbal/visual referenceVolunteers as verbal/visual reference
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Strategies for Strategies for VisionVision ImpairedImpaired
Decreased BalanceDecreased Balance Fine/Gross Motor delayFine/Gross Motor delay FearFear Proprioceptive InputProprioceptive Input Rhythm/feelRhythm/feel
Emotional and Behavioral Emotional and Behavioral Impairments Impairments (p. 77)(p. 77)
Inability to function (or behave) in a Inability to function (or behave) in a manner:manner: Acceptable to societyAcceptable to society Appropriate for a particular settingAppropriate for a particular setting
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Emotional or Behavioral Emotional or Behavioral Impairment may be seen in:Impairment may be seen in:
Anxiety DisordersAnxiety Disorders Depressive DisordersDepressive Disorders AutismAutism Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders (OCD)Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders (OCD) Oppositional Defiant Disorder Oppositional Defiant Disorder Personality DisordersPersonality Disorders PsychosisPsychosis SchizophreniaSchizophrenia
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Strategies Emotional/Behavioral Strategies Emotional/Behavioral ImpairmentImpairment
Aggressive/AbusiveAggressive/Abusive Set Ground RulesSet Ground Rules Follow through with consequencesFollow through with consequences Dismount immediately for intentional abuseDismount immediately for intentional abuse Teach empathy for horseTeach empathy for horse
ImpulsivityImpulsivity Supervise closelySupervise closely Review safe procedures around horsesReview safe procedures around horses Horse: tolerant, appropriateHorse: tolerant, appropriate Include “heavy” workInclude “heavy” work Train volunteers appropriatelyTrain volunteers appropriately
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Strategies Emotional/Behavioral ImpairmentStrategies Emotional/Behavioral Impairment SexuallySexually InappropriateInappropriate
Set LimitsSet Limits Address behavior calmly, do not ignoreAddress behavior calmly, do not ignore Teach acceptable variation of behaviorTeach acceptable variation of behavior
Manipulative/Negative Attention-SeekingManipulative/Negative Attention-Seeking Allow independent riding when possible so Allow independent riding when possible so
horse provides immediate cause-effecthorse provides immediate cause-effect Frustration/Low Self-EsteemFrustration/Low Self-Esteem
Provide appropriate challengeProvide appropriate challenge Create SuccessCreate Success Teach problem-solving techniquesTeach problem-solving techniques
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
Teaching Techniques for Teaching Techniques for Improving BehaviorImproving Behavior
ShapingShaping ChainingChaining ModelingModeling PromptingPrompting FadingFading Token EconomyToken Economy ContractContract
ExtinctionExtinction ReinforcementReinforcement Response CostResponse Cost Time OutTime Out ReprimandReprimand Positive PracticePositive Practice
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
BREAKBREAK
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
•Horse Movement and Horse Movement and
AnalysisAnalysis
Practicum in ArenaPracticum in Arena
•Role Play 1Role Play 1
Physical DisabilitiesPhysical Disabilities
Practicum in ArenaPracticum in Arena Taught by FacultyTaught by Faculty
BREAK for LUNCHBREAK for LUNCH
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.
•Role Play 2Role Play 2
Riders with Cognitive Riders with Cognitive DisabilitiesDisabilities
Practicum in ArenaPracticum in Arena
•Role Play 3Role Play 3
Riders with Cognitive Riders with Cognitive DisabilitiesDisabilities
Practicum in ArenaPracticum in Arena
ConclusionConclusion