Welcome to Strand Two CAPT Review!

Please take out paper or an electronic device to take notes/answer questions with.

Today’s Topics: Atoms and Periodic Table Carbon and Hydrocarbons Natural PolymersSynthetic Polymers

Periodic Table Overview

Comparing Structure…

Nitrogen Atom Phosphorus Atom

What are the similarities? What are the differences?

Check for Understanding…

Which of the following elements would have the most similar reactivity?

a. Na, Mg, Kb. O, F, Nec. F, Cl, Brd. H, Be, Mg

Correct Answer:

CThey are in the same family (aka group or

column).

Correct Answer:

CThey are in the same family (aka group or

column).

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate subatomic particle…

_______ determine the element. _______ determine the mass.

________ determine the charge.

Protons determine the element. Neutrons determine the mass. Electrons determine the charge.

Covalent Bonding

SHARING valence

electrons!

Is chlorine (Cl) a metal or a nonmetal?

Ionic Bonding

Is sodium (Na) a metal or a nonmetal?Is chlorine (Cl) a metal or a nonmetal?

Organic Chemistry

Contains CARBON!Contains CARBON!

Why is carbon found in all polymers?Why is carbon found in all polymers?

What can be concluded from comparing these two pictures of polymers?a. Polymers are easily broken down into their component parts.b. The same number of carbon atoms may be arranged in various ways. c. Linear polymer structures are stronger than ringed polymer structures.d. It takes fewer monomers to form a linear polymer than a ringed polymer.

What can be concluded from comparing these two pictures of polymers?a. Polymers are easily broken down into their component parts.b. The same number of carbon atoms may be arranged in various ways. c. Linear polymer structures are stronger than ringed polymer structures.d. It takes fewer monomers to form a linear polymer than a ringed polymer.

Polymers

What is a polymer?

Polymer Definition: Long chains of repeating subunits chemically bonded

together by covalent bonds.

Monomer = repeating subunit

Monomer = repeating subunit

Can you think of any natural polymers?

Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids/FatsNucleic Acids

http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/tooncell.htm

How are big carbohydrates (or any polymer) formed? Watch this…

Dehydration Synthesis

Think, Pair, Share… Brainstorm a list of synthetic polymers.

• Man-made• Transformed Society• Ex: Nylon, Plastics, • Volcanized Rubber

Physical Properties and Tests

What are the unique properties to the two plastic polymers shown below…

vs.

So… how do we test polymers?

Polymers can be “strong” in many ways!

Test 1: Tensile StrengthTo test… try to pull it!

Tensile strength the amount of pulling force placed upon a material before it breaks

Test 2: Puncture Resistance

To test… try to hit sharply or suddenly

Puncture resistance ability of a material to keep moving objects from perforating the surface

Test 3: Abrasion Resistance

To test… rub with sandpaper.

vs.

Abrasion resistance - toughness of material against scraping, scuffing or scarring

What type of test should be done on climbing rope?

1 Finger = Tensile Strength 2 Fingers = Abrasion Test3 Fingers = Puncture Test

Don’t reveal your

answer until I ask!

Don’t reveal your

answer until I ask!

How can we make polymers stronger?

sulfurPolymer: Polyisoprene Chains

Add some heat and…

…Cross-linked Polyisoprene!

Check for UnderstandingPetroleum-based Polymers vs. Plant-based Polymers

A petroleum-based (inorganic) polymer is commonly used for grocery bags. Recently there has been a push by environmentalists to make grocery bags out of plant-based (organic) polymers.

Students in a science class decided to investigate the strength of the two types of polymers. They obtained one petroleum-based (inorganic) polymer bag and one plant-based (organic) polymer bag of the same size and thickness. They added 100-gram weights to each bag until it broke.

What is the independent variable in the investigation?a. the size of the bagsb. the type of polymerc. the thickness of the bagsd. the amount of weight of the bags

Check for UnderstandingPetroleum-based Polymers vs. Plant-based Polymers

A petroleum-based (inorganic) polymer is commonly used for grocery bags. Recently there has been a push by environmentalists to make grocery bags out of plant-based (organic) polymers.

Students in a science class decided to investigate the strength of the two types of polymers. They obtained one petroleum-based (inorganic) polymer bag and one plant-based (organic) polymer bag of the same size and thickness. They added 100-gram weights to each bag until it broke.

What is the independent variable in the investigation?a. the size of the bagsb. the type of polymerc. the thickness of the bagsd. the amount of weight of the bags

The students found that the plant-based polymer grocery bag held 500 grams before breaking and the petroleum-based polymer grocery bag held 600 grams before breaking. In order to increase confidence in their results, the students should repeat the investigation using _____________.

a.only plant-based polymer bagsb.two other types of polymer bagsc.a double thickness of each polymer bagd.both the plant and petroleum polymer bags

Check for UnderstandingPetroleum-based Polymers vs. Plant-based Polymers

The students found that the plant-based polymer grocery bag held 500 grams before breaking and the petroleum-based polymer grocery bag held 600 grams before breaking. In order to increase confidence in their results, the students should repeat the investigation using _____________.

a.only plant-based polymer bagsb.two other types of polymer bagsc.a double thickness of each polymer bagd.both the plant and petroleum polymer bags

Check for UnderstandingPetroleum-based Polymers vs. Plant-based Polymers

What type of bonds are present in the polymers above?a. ionic bonds b. covalent bondsc. hydrogen bondsd. barry bonds

What type of bonds are present in the polymers above?a. ionic bonds b. covalent bondsc. hydrogen bondsd. barry bonds

Odd One Out: PolymersWhich is the odd one out? WHY is it the odd one out?Branching Cross-LinkingLinear Block

CarboyhydratePVCTable SaltHDPE

Tensile Strength Flame TestPuncture Resistance Melting Point

ElasticityCompressionCrystallinityHeat Resistance

Odd One Out: PolymersWhich is the odd one out? WHY is it the odd one out?Branching Cross-LinkingLinear Block

Cross-Linking – NOT a structure of a polymer (it is an alteration to any structure)

CarboyhydratePVCTable SaltHDPE

Table Salt – NOT a polymer! It is an ionic compound.

Tensile Strength Flame TestPuncture Resistance Melting Point

Flame Test – NOT a polymer strength test. It tests for ions in solution.

ElasticityCompressionCrystallinityHeat Resistance

Crystallinity – NOT a property of polymers.

What is a hydrocarbon?

Hydrocarbon

hydrogen carbon

CxHy example: Methane CH4

What is the combustion reaction?

CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O + heat

Reactants Products

Endothermic or exothermic?

What risks are associated with the

incineration of plastics?

What risks are associated with the dumping of plastics into landfills?

Open Ended Questions

Take a hand out from the front and answer the practice open ended questions!