Welcome to Welcome to Science 71Science 71

December 22, 2009 (#74)December 22, 2009 (#74)

Need: Books/NotebooksNeed: Books/Notebooks

ObjectiveObjective Describe the relationships among the Describe the relationships among the

three components of electricity.three components of electricity.

Agenda Agenda – Based upon Priority– Based upon Priority Bell WorkBell Work

Quiz Repair if neededQuiz Repair if needed Go Over some new termsGo Over some new terms Vocabulary Puzzle (Show me UR Done)Vocabulary Puzzle (Show me UR Done) Finish B1Finish B1 Work on Concept LayerWork on Concept Layer B3 Static (If done with Concept layer)B3 Static (If done with Concept layer) Electricity Video ClipElectricity Video Clip

Bell WorkBell Work

Where can Ions carry electric Where can Ions carry electric charges? (9)charges? (9)

A.A.In the airIn the air

B.B.In a solutionIn a solution

C.C.In your clothesIn your clothes

D.D.Not Sure, I don’t readNot Sure, I don’t read

Bell workBell workWhich part of the wire Which part of the wire

is which? Finish is which? Finish StatementStatement

Wire is to Conductor, as Wire is to Conductor, as Rubber is to _______Rubber is to _______

A.A.CurrentCurrent

B.B.ConductorConductor

C.C.InsulatorInsulator

D.D.MagnetMagnet

Bell WorkBell Work

Please match up the left with the Please match up the left with the right for one Letter! (11)right for one Letter! (11)

A Unlike chargesA Unlike charges 1. Repel1. Repel

B Like chargesB Like charges 2. Attract2. Attract

Bell WorkBell Work

Read page 10. What positively Read page 10. What positively charged atom is necessary for charged atom is necessary for nerves to transmit signals?nerves to transmit signals?

A.A.ChlorineChlorine

B.B.PotassiumPotassium

C.C.SodiumSodium

D.D.Not sureNot sure

Electric DischargeElectric Discharge The rapid The rapid

movement of movement of excess charge excess charge from one point to from one point to another.another.

Page 13Page 13 Read statements Read statements

under picturesunder pictures

GroundingGrounding Process by which Process by which

a path is created a path is created from an area of from an area of potential electric potential electric discharge and discharge and directed into the directed into the ground (Earth)ground (Earth)

Look around Look around house.house.

Electric CurrentElectric Current Flow of electric Flow of electric

charge charge In solids, flow is In solids, flow is

electronselectrons In liquids, flow is In liquids, flow is

Ions Ions

DC (Batteries)DC (Batteries) AC (Generators)AC (Generators)

Direct Current (DC)

Alternating Current (AC)

Bell WorkBell Work

Which type of Electric Current do you Which type of Electric Current do you think flows out of the sockets in your think flows out of the sockets in your house?house?

A. ACA. ACB. DCB. DC

C. Not sureC. Not sure

Atoms are Atoms are comprised of comprised of Electrons and Electrons and Protons, and Protons, and most times most times Neutrons.Neutrons.

Protons=(+)Protons=(+) Electrons=(-)Electrons=(-) Neutrons = (Neutrons = (

What level is Electricity?What level is Electricity?Hierarchy of MatterHierarchy of Matter

-Compound or Pure Substance-Compound or Pure Substance

-Molecule-Molecule

-Atomic Level (Atoms) (Electricity)-Atomic Level (Atoms) (Electricity)

-Sub Atomic (-Sub Atomic (Protons, Neutrons, Protons, Neutrons,

ElectronsElectrons))

-Quarks-Quarks

-Strings (Energy)-Strings (Energy)

AttractionAttraction

Materials that are opposite = attractMaterials that are opposite = attract

Materials that are like = repelMaterials that are like = repel

Static Electricity – Is a build up of Electrons Charge from atoms.Static Electricity – Is a build up of Electrons Charge from atoms.

Vocabulary ExtraVocabulary Extra Nissan LEAFNissan LEAF

11stst mass produced all electric capable car. mass produced all electric capable car. 100 miles per charge100 miles per charge 90 mph90 mph

26 minutes (80% charge FAST CHARGE)26 minutes (80% charge FAST CHARGE) 4-8 hours (100% 220V)4-8 hours (100% 220V) 16-18 hours (100% 110V)16-18 hours (100% 110V)

Nissan's Leaf Claims 367 MPG - Is It Better Nissan's Leaf Claims 367 MPG - Is It Better Than The Chevy Volt?Than The Chevy Volt?

Q:Since the Leaf solely runs on electricity, would charging from home dramatically increase my Q:Since the Leaf solely runs on electricity, would charging from home dramatically increase my electricity bill?electricity bill?

A:Based on a US average of $0.11/kWh, a full charge will cost about $2.75. It could be even A:Based on a US average of $0.11/kWh, a full charge will cost about $2.75. It could be even less, if your area has time-of-use rates and you charge at off-peak hours. less, if your area has time-of-use rates and you charge at off-peak hours.

Q:How much performance will be lost when battery is drained? Would I have to crawl my last 25 Q:How much performance will be lost when battery is drained? Would I have to crawl my last 25 miles? My electric drill does that.miles? My electric drill does that.

A:To help you reach a charge point, the LEAF will change its output to extend your range when A:To help you reach a charge point, the LEAF will change its output to extend your range when the battery gets low.the battery gets low.

Q:its great to cut down on vehicle emissions, but shouldn't i worry about the power plant used to Q:its great to cut down on vehicle emissions, but shouldn't i worry about the power plant used to generate the electricity too generate the electricity too

A:Even in its dirtiest form, the grid is 60% cleaner than gas. And it will get cleaner over time, A:Even in its dirtiest form, the grid is 60% cleaner than gas. And it will get cleaner over time, unlike gas. unlike gas.

Vocabulary Puzzle HelpVocabulary Puzzle Help IonIon

An atom that is positively or negatively An atom that is positively or negatively charged.charged.

Charged b/c the total number of electrons is Charged b/c the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protonsnot equal to the total number of protons

Sodium becomesSodium becomes

Positive by losingPositive by losing

An electron.An electron.

To be balanced it To be balanced it

Needs a negativeNeeds a negative

Electron.Electron.

Rules and NamesRules and Names

An anion (An anion (an-eye-onan-eye-on), from the Greek word ), from the Greek word ἀνά (ἀνά (anaana), meaning 'up', is an ion with more ), meaning 'up', is an ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge (since electrons are negative charge (since electrons are negatively charged and protons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged).positively charged).

Conversely, a cation (pronounced /ˈkætaɪən/; Conversely, a cation (pronounced /ˈkætaɪən/; cat-eye-oncat-eye-on), from the Greek word κατά (), from the Greek word κατά (katakata), ), meaning 'down', is an ion with more protons meaning 'down', is an ion with more protons than electrons.than electrons.

Ionic BondingIonic Bonding

When two atoms can share their non-filled When two atoms can share their non-filled shells, they can be attracted and bondedshells, they can be attracted and bonded

VoltageVoltage A measure of the amount of electrical potential A measure of the amount of electrical potential

energy an electron flowing in a circuit can gain, in energy an electron flowing in a circuit can gain, in voltsvolts

As you can see, the voltage is like a piston which As you can see, the voltage is like a piston which pushes the "fluid" through a pipe.pushes the "fluid" through a pipe.

ResistanceResistance A measure of how A measure of how

difficult it is for difficult it is for electrons to flow in a electrons to flow in a material, unit of Ohms.material, unit of Ohms.

Lightbulbs work off the Lightbulbs work off the idea that there are so idea that there are so many electrons moving many electrons moving through such a small through such a small wire, there is friction, wire, there is friction, causing heat. High causing heat. High resistanceresistance