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SouthernOceanDiatomsWithPolarTREC TeacherCaraPekarcik &AntarcticResearchers
Drs.BethanyJenkins,KristenBuck&Dreux Chappell
3 October 2016
WelcometoPolarConnect
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ParticipantIntroductions
IntheChatbox,pleaseintroduceyourselfbytypinginyour:
üName
üSchoolorInstitution
üThenumberofstudentsandadultsparticipatingwithyouinthesamelocation
WhatisPolarTREC?Ø Since2004,theArcticResearchConsortiumofthe
UnitedStates(ARCUS),anon-profitorganization,hasbeenadministratingthePolarTRECProgram.
Ø PolarTRECisprofessionaldevelopmentforK-12teachers.Theyarepairedwithresearchersfor2-6weekresearchexperiencesinthepolarregions.
Ø Over150teachersfromaroundtheUnitedStateshavejoinedscientistsintheArcticandAntarcticatolearnaboutscience,thepolarregions,andtosharewhattheyhavelearnedwiththeirstudentsandcommunities.
25YearsofConnectingArcticResearchwww.arcus.org
Questions
DuringthePresentation:• Typeyourquestioninthetextchatbox
AttheEndofthePresentation:• Raiseyourhandwiththe�handbutton�.
• PolarTRECstaffwillcallonyouandactivateyourmicrophone.
• Speakloudandclear,directlyintothecomputermicrophoneorthephonetoaskyourquestion.
ResearchTeam– UniversityofRhodeIsland
ResearchTeam– OldDominionUniversity
ResearchTeam– UniversityofSouthFlorida
Regionforresearchcruise:SouthernOceanand
WesternAntarcticPeninsula
SiteofLongTermEcologicalResearch(LTER)sampling—from1990-present
http://pal.lternet.edu/
SamplingstrategysummarizedinK.J.WatersandR.C.Smith(PalmerLTER:AsamplinggridforthePalmerLTERprogram,AntarcticJournaloftheUnitedStates,27(5),236-239,1992).
RVIBNathanielB.Palmer• Builtin1992• OwnedbyEdisonChouestOffshore
(ECO)• Namedaftermerchantmarineand
shipbuilderNathanielBrownPalmer• Length:94m/308ft• Beam:60feet• Draft:22.5feet• Engines:4Caterpillardiesels@3,300
BHPeach• Accommodates22crewand37
scientists• Ice-classedABS-A2:capableof
breakingice3ft.thickat3knots
PhotobyKatiePena(PolarTREC2008/2009),CourtesyofARCUS
Infocourtesy:USAntarcticProgramathttp://www.usap.gov/vesselScienceAndOperations/contentHandler.cfm?id=1561
• Wetlab
RVIBPalmerunderway
AntarcticFoodWeb
FlowCamimagingofprimaryproducers
PhotoscourtesyDr.Bethany
Jenkins,URI
Photosynthesis– anoverviewReactants
Sunlight+H2O+CO2 +Nutrients“CH2O”+O2
Products
NitratesNO3
PhosphatePO4
IronSilica
Schlitzer, R., eGEOTRACES - Electronic Atlas of GEOTRACES Sections and Animated 3D Scenes, http://www.egeotraces.org, 2015.
ResearchObjective:• Combinestracemetalbiogeochemistry,phytoplanktoncultivationandmolecularbiologytoaddressquestionsregardingtheproductionofiron-bindingcompoundsandtheroleofdiatom-bacteriainteractionsiniron-limitedregions
• IdentifydiatomspeciesandmeasureoceanographiccharacteristicsintheSouthernOcean• Exposingsamplestodifferentrangesinmicronutrients(incubationsampling)tomeasurechangesinligandcharacteristics.
• EvaluatingFelimitationsindiatomsusingphysiologicalandgeneticmarkers• Collectingandevaluatingdiatoms,diatom-associatedbacteriaandfree-livingbacterialcommunities(cellisolationsandcultures,DNAanalysis,geneexpressioncomparison)
HOW?SEAWATERSAMPLING
CTDandNiskin bottlesontracemetalsamplingrosette
ConventionalCTDsamplingrosette
CTDdatawindowonRVIBPalmer
KateLowry,Stanford PhotocourtesyDr.BethanyJenkins,URI
TMNiskinx12
InsideTMCleanVan
50LCarboyx3
Eachincubationbottlefilled1/3fromeachcarboy
Transferredtoincubationvan
Incubationbottlesare‘spiked’withanutrientoranutrientcombination.Bottles
arespikedintriplicate.
IncubationExperiments
SlidecourtesyDr.DreuxChappell,ODU
Bottlesarestoredinthe4C/39Fincubationvanthroughoutthe12-dayincubationperiod.Samplesarecollectedfrombottlesonthefirstdayofsamplingaswellasdays1,3,5,7,9and12.
Samplesarealsostoredinon-deckflow-throughincubatorsthatprovideambientlightandtemperaturetothesamples.
SampleDistribution
Chemical Biological
NutrientsIronSpeciationDissolvedtracemetalsFe(II)
DNARNAChlorophyllFlorescenceInductionRelaxation(FIRe)FlowCytometry (FloCyt)FlowCamMetatranscriptome
TraceMetalSampling•Determinetheconcentrationsandchemicalformsofironandothertraceelements
•Howwaterchemistryinfluencesthebiologycommunitiesandviseversa
•Studyhowchemistryandbiologygovernthecarboncycleofwater.
NutrientSampling•Testingforconcentrationsofnitrate,nitrite,ammonium,silicateandphosphateinseawatersamples•Usesaflowinjectionanalyzer(FIA)•Analysesaredoneonunderwaysamplesandincubationsamples
DNA/RNASampling •Usesperistalsispumpsandafilterrigtocollectsamplesofmicroorganisms•Filtersrangeinsizefrom.2,2.2and3microns•FiltersarestoredandflashfrozenforDNA/RNAanalysisafterthecruise•RNAsamplingtakesplaceinacoldroomcalledBigAntarctica(4C)
FlowCam Sampling • Recordsphotographsofmicroorganismswithinagivenvolumeofliquid
• Utilizesdifferentmagnifications
• Canhelptodeterminethenumberofmicroorganismsinagivensample(compareforgrowth)andthehealthofthemicroorganisms.
ImagescourtesyKrisGomes,URI
CellIsolationandCultures•UsedtogrowrepresentativesfromtheSouthernOceanforadditionalexperiments•Collectrepresentativesfromtheincubationcommunities
It’snotallaboutscience….
Wildlifelist:
-Adelie penguins-Gentoo penguins-Leopardseals-Weddellseals-Crabeater seals
-Antarcticfurseals-Minke whale
-Southernfulmar-Greatershearwater
-Capepetrel-Antarcticpetrel-Snowpetrel
-SouthernGiant-petrel-Antarcticshag
-Wanderingalbatross-Kelpgull
-Southpolarskua-Slender-billedprions
-Antarctickrill
PhotobyZuzannaAbdala,ODU PhotobyZuzannaAbdala,ODU
Post-cruiseactivities• Educationandcommunityoutreach
• Lessonplans• Cellgrowth&cellisolation• Datavisualization• Compositionofphytoplanktoncommunities• DNAbarcoding(microbiologytechniques)• Photosynthesis
• Localpresentations• NQstudentvisitstoURI
• Scientific• Molecularbiologyanalysis• Tracemetalanalysis• Cellisolationandculturing• Dataanalysis• Publications
THANKYOU!
• NationalScienceFoundation• ARCUS/PolarTREC• QuincyPublicSchools/NorthQuincyHighSchool• UniversityofRhodeIsland• OldDominionUniversity
• UniversityofSouthFlorida• USAP,DAMCO,ASC,ECO
Join PolarTREC!www.polartrec.com/about/join
Everyone can participate in different ways:• Follow Expeditions• Participate in PolarConnect Events• Join the Polar Education Email List• Check out the great resources• Become a PolarTREC Teacher or Researcher• Become a member of ARCUS
Thank You!
An archive of the event will be available shortly.http://www.polartrec.com/polar-connect/archive
25 Years of Connecting Arctic Researchwww.arcus.org