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THEME
THEME: the central thought or idea upon which a story is based; usually a comment about life or human nature.
CHARACTERIZATION
CHARACTERIZATION: a portrayal of character through what they say and do and through what other characters say about them in a story.
CHARACTERIZATION
•DIRECT CHARACTERIZATION: when the author tells you what characters are like through description.
• INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION: when the author shows you what characters are like through their thoughts, their speech, their actions, and the reactions of other characters around them.
CHARACTER CHARACTER: a fictional person in the story.•PROTAGONIST: the character
with a problem in the story. The main character or force in a story or play.
•ANTAGONIST: the person or thing fighting against the protagonist of a story or play.
EXPOSITION EXPOSITION In fiction, a
part of a story (usually the beginning) where the author tells the background material which the reader must know about the characters and events in order to understand the problem to be solved. EXPOSITION
SETTINGSETTING: the time and place in which the action of a short story, novel, play or narrative poem is presented.
COMPLICATIONS COMPLICATIONS (also called Rising Action): point of the story when various problems happen.
Complications
CLIMAX CLIMAX: sometimes the highest point of excitement/interest, or the turning point of the story.Climax
DENOUEMENT FALLING ACTION: the part of
the story which follows the climax or turning point: it contains the action or dialogue necessary to lead the story to a resolution or ending.
Falling action
CONFLICT CONFLICT: a problem or struggle between opposing forces, ideas, or significant characters that forms the basis of the plot of a story or play.
There are two (2) types of conflict
TYPES OF CONFLICT
EXTERNAL CONFLICT: A struggle with a force OUTSIDE of oneself. Kinds: man vs. man, man vs. nature &
man vs. society
INTERNAL CONFLICT: A struggle WITHIN a character.Kind: Man vs. himself/herself
KINDS OF CONFLICT
External Conflict External Conflict:•Man vs. Man: the leading character struggles with his/her physical strength against other men/women.
KINDS OF CONFLICTExternal Conflict
•Man vs. Society: The leading character struggles against ideas, practices, or customs of other people.
•Man vs. Nature: the leading character struggles against fate, or the circumstances of life facing him/her. (ex. floods, hurricanes, etc.)
KINDS OF CONFLICTExternal Conflict
KINDS OF CONFLICTInternal Conflict
•Man vs. Himself/Herself: the leading character struggles with his/her own soul, ideas of right or wrong, physical limitations, choices, etc.
First Person POV: the narrator is a character in the story and uses first person pronouns such as I, me, we, us.
KINDS OF P.O.V.
Third Person POV: the narrator is not a character; he or she uses third-person pronouns such as he, she, it , they, and them.
KINDS OF P.O.V.
KINDS OF P.O.V. Third Person Omniscient (all-knowing) POV: allows the narrator to relate the thoughts and feelings of several, if not all, the story’s characters.
KINDS OF P.O.V. Third Person Limited POV: narrator tells the reader the thoughts, observations, and feelings of ONE of the story’s characters.