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Welcome to Biol 178 Principles of Biology. Course goals Course information Text Grading Syllabus Lab Chapter Organization. Chapter Organization. Concept Outline Text Concept Review Test Your Understanding Test Your Visual Understanding. Lecture Outline. Definition of Life - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Welcome toBiol 178Principles of BiologyCourse goalsCourse informationTextGradingSyllabusLabChapter Organization
Chapter OrganizationConcept OutlineTextConcept ReviewTest Your UnderstandingTest Your Visual Understanding
Lecture OutlineDefinition of LifeProperties of LifeHierarchical OrganizationUnifying Themes of ScienceScientific Method
What is Biology?Study of life
Search for order in the natural world
Discovery of new relationships
Learn working rules that allow life to exist
Properties of LifeCellular organizationOrderSensitivityGrowth, development, and reproductionGenetic system DNAEnergy utilizationEvolutionary adaptationHomeostasis
Hierarchical Organization of LifePopulation LevelOrganism LevelCell Level
LifeLevels of OrganizationPopulationsAmong OrganismsBiosphereEcosystemCommunityPopulation
LifeLevels of OrganizationWithin OrganismsOrgan systemsOrgansTissuesCells
LifeLevels of OrganizationWithin CellsOrganellesMacromoleculesMolecules & Atoms
LifeLevels of OrganizationAmong organismsWithin OrganismsWithin Cells
Consequences of Hierarchical organization Emergent propertiesNew properties arise at each higher levelMake life difficult to define
Unifying Themes of Science1. Cell theoryAll living organisms are made of cells, and all living cells come from other living cells.
2. Molecular basis of inheritanceDNA encodes genes Genes make-up & control living organisms.
Unifying Themes of Science3. Evolutionary changeLife-forms have evolved varying characteristics to adapt to varied environments.
4. Evolutionary conservationSome characteristics of earlier organisms are preserved and passed on to future generations.
Summary: Unifying Themes of Science1. Cell theory2. Molecular basis of inheritance3. Evolutionary change4. Evolutionary conservation
Scientific Inquiry How is Science Done?Discovery ScienceObservingMeasuring
Hypothesis-based ScienceScientific MethodProposing & Testing hypothesesInductive & deductive logic
ReasoningDeductive reasoningApply general principles to predict specific results
Inductive reasoningUse specific observations to construct general principles
How Science Is Done1. Observation: Begins science2. Hypothesis: accounts for observationsEducated guessInductive Reasoning Generalization3. Prediction: Allows test of hypothesis validityDeductive Reasoning specific outcome4. Experiment: Tests hypothesis validity5. Controlled experiment:One variableControl
How Science Is Done
Limitations of ScienceHypothesis can NOT be proven true
Truth TableHypothesisPredictionTrue TrueFalse False or True
Limitations of ScienceScience does not prove hypotheses are true.
Science proves that some hypotheses are not true.
Hypotheses not proven false are conditionally accepted.
Hypotheses, Theories & LawsHypothesis a tentative explanation.
Scientific TheoryAccepted explanation.Supported by experimental evidence.Solid ground of science.A well-supported hypothesis.
Scientific LawScientific knowledge accepted as true.An extremely well-supported hypothesis.
END