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Welcome to BIO-AG!Welcome to BIO-AG!
• Find your table/seat assignment• Introduce yourself to your neighbors• As a group define the scientific word
(green tent) left on your table – write your groups definitions on the white paper with the dry erase marker.
• When you are done – place your white paper on the white board
• IF you have a word that is part of the scientific method place it in the correct order
Scientific MethodScientific Method
1. Have a problem (ask a question)2. Conduct research3. Hypothesis4. Perform Experiment (Collect Data)5. Analyze Results
True (blue) of False (Yellow)True (blue) of False (Yellow)
Only special trained people can be scientists?
True (blue) of False (Yellow)True (blue) of False (Yellow)
All living things have cells?
True (blue) of False (Yellow)True (blue) of False (Yellow)
An experiment is the testing of a hypothesis?
True (blue) of False (Yellow)True (blue) of False (Yellow)
Astrology is a study of science?
True (blue) of False (Yellow)True (blue) of False (Yellow)
When conducting an experiment you gather DATA in a log book?
True (blue) of False (Yellow)True (blue) of False (Yellow)
Scientific explanation of know facts seen through repeated testing is know as a theory?
True (blue) of False (Yellow)True (blue) of False (Yellow)
Parts of an experiment which all conditions are kept the same is considered the conclusion?
True (blue) of False (Yellow)True (blue) of False (Yellow)
An orderly approach to answering questions and solving problems is know as the scientific method.
THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY IN
AGRICULTURE
THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY IN
AGRICULTURE
Scientific Method & Reading Graphs
UNIT OBJECTIVESUNIT OBJECTIVES
A. Define basic terms associated with science.
B. Define the scientific method.C. List & describe the steps of the
scientific methodD. Identify variables, constants and
controls in an experiment. E. Construct, label and discern different
types of graphs
ScienceScienceA process through which
nature is studied, discovered, and understood.
Biologists – answer the WHAT, WHY and HOW of all living things!
A. Define basic terms associated with science.
TheoryTheoryThe most probable explanation
based on the best available evidence.
A. Define basic terms associated with science.
Facts: Data or evidence that can be observed repeatedly
Inference - something PRESUMED by observation
Fact vs. Inference
A. Define basic terms associated with science.
Fact vs. InferenceFact vs. Inference
Fact vs. InferenceFact vs. Inference
Fact vs. InferenceFact vs. Inference
Fact vs. InferenceFact vs. Inference
Fact vs. InferenceFact vs. Inference
Fact vs. InferenceFact vs. Inference
What is the scientific method?
B. Define the scientific method.
An orderly approach to answering questions and solving problems.
Steps to the Scientific Method
Steps to the Scientific Method
C. List and describe the steps of the scientific method.
Step #1 The Problem (ask a ?)Step #1 The Problem (ask a ?)
States the purpose of doing an experiment.
MUST be stated as a question.
Examples: -What type of feed will make my pig gain 3 pounds per day to make weight for the stock show?
#2 Research#2 Research
Read & study what is ALREADY KNOWN about the topic
Get advice from others
#3 The Hypothesis#3 The Hypothesis
An EDUCATED guessAnswers the question in the
problemWritten in “if, then” form
Example: If I use 20-10-20 fertilizer, then the poinsettia will grow fastest.
#4 Perform Experiment #4 Perform Experiment
Carry out the experimentKeep records of results
#5 Analyze Results#5 Analyze Results
Determine the truth of your hypothesis based on your results
ConclusionConclusion
Results of Study
VariablesVariables
Independent variable (IV) – The variable that is changed (what is being tested)
D. Identify variables, constants and controls in an experiment.
VariablesVariables
Dependent variable (DV) – The variable that responds and is measured.
VariablesVariables
Constant (C) – All factors that are kept the same during the experiment.
VariablesVariables
Control – All factors that stay the same. – standard of comparison
Solve agricultural problems by applying the scientific method
The Purina Feed salesman visits you and claims that his hog feed will cause your hogs to have a higher ADG (average daily gain). So, you design an experiment to see if he is correct. You get two pens with 10 hogs each. The hogs are all within 10 pounds of each other. You feed your current feed to one pen and the Purina feed to the other pen. At the end of 30 days, you weigh each pig and calculate the ADG for each pen.
Problem: (question) Hypothesis: If/ThenExperiment: How will you test it IV: What changes DV: The variable that responds• Controls: standard factors Constant’s: What does NOT change (same for both groups Conclusion: Results of study
Problem: (question) Which hog feed will cause my hog to gain the most weight? Hypothesis: (If/Then) If I feed Purina Show Chow to my hog, then it will gain the maximum weight each day.
Experiment: (How will you test it)IV: Type of Feed (what we are testing)
DV: (what responds) Weight
Constants: Environment, original weight/age of pigs
Control Group - Pigs
Conclusion: (Results of Test) Hogs eating Purina Show Chow had the highest ADG (average daily gain)
BUBBLES LABBUBBLES LAB
Why use graphs & tables in science??Why use graphs & tables in science??
To arrange data (numbers) so they are easy to compare.
Makes numbers visual!
E. Construct, label and discern different types of graphs
Types of GraphsTypes of Graphs
Line Graphs
– 2 variables– Lots of #’s
45 F 60 F 75 F 90 F0
20
40
60
80
100
120
JuvenileAdult
Chirping rate of crickets at different temperatures
Types of GraphsTypes of Graphs
Bar Graph
– East to compare results
– Easy to see an average
Types of GraphsTypes of Graphs
Pie Charts
– Data usually equals 100%
Bubbles DataBubbles Data
For each of your experiments draw anAppropriate graph to show the different experiments.