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Welcometo“SolvingProblemswithComputersI”
CS16:SolvingProblemswithComputersILecture#1
ZiadMatni
Dept.ofComputerScience,UCSB
Imagefromagorolabsonslideshare.com
AWordAboutRegistrationforCS16
FORTHOSEOFYOUNOTYETREGISTERED:• ThisclassiscurrentlyFULLandthewaitlistisCLOSED
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YourInstructorYourinstructor:ZiadMatni (zee-ahdmat-knee)Email:[email protected]
Myofficehours:Mondays11:00AM–12:00PM,atSSMS4409
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YourTAs
LABTAsShiyuJi
MuqsitNawazXiyouZhou
GRADER
AshwiniPatil
AlllabswilltakeplaceinPHELPS3525AllTAofficehourswilltakeplacein“OpenLab”TimeinPHELPS3525
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YOURLABSAREHERE
YOURLECTURESAREHERE
PROF’SOFFICEISHERE
You!
Withashowofhands,tellme…howmanyofyou…A. AreFreshmen?Sophomores?Juniors?Seniors?B. AreCSmajors?Other?C. Haveprogrammedbefore?Whatlanguage?D. Haveprogrammedbefore“justforfun”?E. Haveprogrammedbefore“forworkorschool”?F. HaveusedaLinuxorUNIXsystembefore?
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ThisClass
• Anintermediate(notabeginner’s)classincomputerscience– YouWILLneedtohavetakenabeginner’sclasssomewhere
• Coversthebasicbuildingblocksforsolvingproblemsusingcomputers,ingeneral,andusingC++programmingspecifically
• Enablesyoutogoontotakeotherexcitingclassesinprogramming!!!!!OMG!!!
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WhyAreWeUsingC++inthisCourse?• C++isoneofthemostwidelyusedandin-demandcomputerprogramminglanguages– ForalistofcommercialapplicationswritteninC++,seehttp://www.stroustrup.com/applications.html
• IfyoucanlearnC++,youcanmoreeasilylearn(oreventeachyourself)otherpopularP.L.s– LikePython,Java,PHP,Ruby,etc…
• Itlooksgreatonyourresume!– Actually,it’samust-haveonany“decent”CSmajor’sresume…
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HowIsThisClassTaught?• Everyclasshasalecturebasedonthereadings:
YOUMUSTDOTHEREADINGSBEFORECLASS!!!• YouwillbeinalabonMondays:
YOUMUSTREADYOURLABASSIGNMENTBEFOREYOUGOTOLAB!!!• Youhavetodoalotofhomeworkandlabassignments
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BECAUSEPRACTICEMAKESPERFECT!!!(andalso,it’sactuallyfun)
There’sactual“work”todo…
• 15-16(short)Homeworks 1xor2xaweek,allsolo• 8-9LabAssignments 1xaweek,somesolo/somepaired• 2MidtermExams• 1FinalExam
…andapartridgeinapeartree…
Whysomuchwork??BecauseProgrammingisaSkill…
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ALOTOF
OnlineResources
ClassMAINwebpage–ALLTHEINFO!ALLTHETIME!https://ucsb-cs16-s18-matni.github.ioPiazzadiscussions/Q&AANDIMPORTANTANNOUNCEMENTS!:https://piazza.com/ucsb/spring2018/cs16GauchoSpace–ONLYFORHOMEWORKASSIGNMENTS!https://gauchospace.ucsb.edu/courses/course/view.php?id=240384/3/18 Matni,CS16,Sp18 11
IfYouHaveQuestions……Ask!ButFirst,Check……
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IfYouHaveQuestions……Ask!ButFirst,Check……
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So…let’stakealookatthatsyllabus…
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Fullelectronicversionfoundat:http://cs.ucsb.edu/~zmatni/syllabi/CS16S18_syllabus.pdf
PLEASEREADIT!!!!
Requiredtextbook:ProblemSolvingwithC++(10thEdition)byWalterSavitch(9thed.isok,butreferencesmaybedifferent)Lectures:Usesthereadings,butalsoaddsitowncomponents.Allassignmentsarebasedonwhatissaidinlecture.Slidesareplacedonwebsiteafterwards.Homework:1-2xaweek.Announcedonthewebsite,doneonGauchoSpace!Latepolicy:Afterduedate,youget20%offfor“late”(<24hrs)orZEROifafter24hrs.
So…let’stakealookatthatsyllabus…
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Labs:Onceaweek.Descriptionsheetisplacedonwebsiteonweekend.LabisonWednesday.YOUMUSTUSEsubmit.csTOTURNINALLLABS.PLEASEFOLLOWINSTRUCTIONSONSHEET!MustbeturnedinbeforeMondayATNOON.Latepolicy:Afterduedate,youget20%offfor“late”(<24hrs)orZEROifafter24hrs.Mostlabsaresolo-work,butsomemustbedoneinpairs(i.e.groupsof2ppl).Exams:2Midterms+1Final(cumulative).Nore-dos,noearlytakes,nolatetakes(exceptforextremecases),nomake-ups.LaptopPolicy:Canonlyuseittotakenotes,doclass-relatedcodingwork(nosocialmedia!)CellPhonePolicy:Putthatthingbackwhereitcamefromorsohelpme…
Fullelectronicversionfoundat:http://cs.ucsb.edu/~zmatni/syllabi/CS16S18_syllabus.pdf
PLEASEREADIT!!!!
SwitchingAboutInTheLabs…
…isfrowneduponL• Pleasesticktothelabtimethatyouhaveperyourregistration
– Thelabsareprettyfullandatcapacity
IFYOUWANTTOSWITCHLABSECTIONS,YOUMUST:1. Findapersonintheotherlabtoswitchwithyou
2. GettheOKfromBOTHT.A.sThisisbecausethelabshavelimitedspace
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ShouldIBuy/DownloadaC++ProgrammingEnvironment/Suite??
• ThereareafewGUI-basedIDEsoutthereforC++– YouareNOTREQUIREDtogetthemforthisclass!!!!!(so,no)
• Regardless,youAREREQUIREDtobecomeproficientonourUNIX/LinuxCSILmachines’C++compilerandenvironment– “g++”and“makefile”,etc…
• Realprogrammersusecommand-lines…!4/3/18 Matni,CS16,Sp18 17
WhatYOUhavetodobeforeTHURSDAY’SLECTURE?
YOUHAVEALABonWEDNESDAY!!!That’sTOMORROW!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!• LogintoPiazzaandhavealookaround
• Gototheclassmainwebsiteandhavealookaround– Goto:https://ucsb-cs16-s18-matni.github.io/
• Readthelabassignment(lab01)beforeyougointoyourlab: BEPREPARED
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AnythingElse???
YES!YOUHAVEANOTHERLECTUREONTHURSDAY!!!• Dotherequiredreading!!!(Chapter1andstartChapter2)• WAAAYbeforeyougotoclass,DOHOMEWORK#1
1. Gototheclass’GauchoSpace2. FindHomework#1module3. Doit4. Submitit5. Profit?
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ARefresheronComputers
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ComputerSystems
• Hardware– Thephysical
• CPUandMemoryICs• Printedcircuitboards• Plastichousing,cables,etc…
• Software– Theinstructionsandthedata
• Programsandapplications• Operatingsystems
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Input
Secondary Data Storage
Keyboard (STANDARD) Mouse
Microphone Scanner
--or-- From a Program
Display screen (STANDARD) Speakers
Printer --or--
To a Program
AMapofComputerComponents(ModernComputerArchitecture)
CPU=CentralProcessingUnitRAM=Random-AccessMemoryROM=Read-OnlyMemoryHDD=HardDiskDriveSSD=SolidStateDriveOS=OperatingSystem
HDD and SSD CD-ROM Mini Flash Drive Tape Drive
CPU
Memory for instructions, etc…
RAM and ROM
Processing for calculations,
etc…
a.k.a.vonNeumannArchitecture
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1 2
3
Output 4
5
5MainComponentstoComputers
1. Processor2. Mainmemory
– Usuallyinsidethecomputer,volatile
3. Inputs4. Outputs5. Secondarymemory
– Morepermanent(non-volatile)memoryformassstorageofdata
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ComputerMemory
• Usuallyorganizedintwoparts:– Address
• WherecanIfindmydata?– Data(payload)
• Whatismydata?
• Thesmallestrepresentationofthedata– Abinarybit(“0”sand“1”s)– Acommoncollectionofbitsisabyte(8bits=1byte)– Whatinformationcanonestorein1byte?
Anumber?Aletter?Aprogram?Abook?Apicture?Amovie?
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ScalesofaByte…1B (byte)1kB (kilobyte)1MB (megabyte)1GB (gigabyte)1TB (terabyte)???
WhatistheMostBasicFormofComputerLanguage?
• Binarya.k.aBase-2
• ExpressingdataANDinstructionsineither“1”or“0”– So,
“010101010100001101010011010000100010000100100001”
couldmeananinstructionto“calculate2+3”Oritcouldmeananumber(856,783,663,333)Oritcouldmeanastringof6characters(“UCSB!!”)
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ComputerSoftware
• Allthedata• Alltheprograms• Alltheapplications• Theoperatingsystem(s)
• Whatisfirmware?
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TheOperatingSystem
• Isitaprogram?– Inageneralsense,yes!(ormoreprecisely,abunchofprogramsactinginconcert)
• Whatdoesitdo?– Allocatesthecomputer’sresourceslikememory– AllowsustocommunicatewiththecomputerviaI/O– Respondstouserrequeststorunotherprograms
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Algorithmvs.Program
Completethis:“ComputerScienceisaboutstudyinghowto
use___________tosolveproblems”
• Algorithms– Sequencesofpreciseinstructionsthatleadstoasolution
• Programs– Algorithmsexpressedinalanguagethecomputercanunderstand
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High-LevelComputerLanguages
• Acomputerlanguagethatcloselymimics“naturallanguage”– Asopposedtojustbeing0sand1s(that’s“machinelanguage”)
• High-levellanguagesprovidehighabstractiontotheCPUInstructions– Yourprogramsverymuchlooklikealgorithms
• Aprogramthat“translates”aHighLevelLanguageintoLowLevelLanguage(likemachinelanguage)iscalledacompiler– Whyarecompilersnecessary???– BecauseCPUsONLYunderstandtheirinstructionsinMachineLanguage
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Compilers
• Language-specific– CompilerforPythonwillnotworkforC++,etc…
• Linux/UNIXOShavedifferentbuilt-incompilers– e.g.g++forC++,clangforC,etc…
• Sourcecode– Theoriginalprograminahighlevellanguage(textfile)
• Objectcode– Thetranslatedversioninmachinelanguage(binaryfile)
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IntroductiontotheC++Language
Whenwasitinvented? Inthe1980s…
Wasitbasedonanythingelse? TheCLanguage
Isitstillpopular? Yes!Inthetop-3ofmostusedtodaywithPythonandJava
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ASampleC++Program
AcommonandsimpleC++programbeginsthisway:#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;intmain() //Thisisacomment(optional){
Andendsthiswayreturn0;}
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1-4: Programstart5: Variabledeclaration6-20: Statements21-22: Programend
cout<<“somestringoranother”; //outputstreamstatement
cin>>some_variable; //inputstreamstatement
coutandcinareobjectsdefinedinthelibraryiostream
Notetheuseoftabbedspaces
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1-4: Programstart5: Variabledeclaration6-20: Statements21-22: Programend
cout<<“somestringoranother”; //outputstreamstatement
cin>>some_variable; //inputstreamstatement
coutandcinareobjectsdefinedinthelibraryiostream
Notetheuseoftabbedspaces
YOURTO-DOs
q SignuponPiazzaq Gototheclasswebsiteq GototheclassGauchoSpaceq ReadLab1TODAYanddoitTOMORROW(Wed.)
q It’sduetobeturnedinbyMondayatNOON!q DoHW1andsubmititBEFOREthestartofThursdaylecture
q Solveworldhungerq Reverseglobalwarming
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