Welcome Back! What’s up for today? Get out notebook, planner, notes (HW) OMG! We have SOOOOO much to get done today!1! –How’d YOU do that? –Reading check

Welcome Back!

What’s up for today?What’s up for today?

Get out notebook, planner, notes (HW)

OMG! We have SOOOOO much to get done today!1!

– How’d YOU do that?– Reading check activity– Discussion: The Americas before Columbus– The Columbian Exchange Activity– Competing Colonial Strategies in the New

World

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Maps/Figs/Tables, 1–2

The Big Questions for Today

• What did the New World look like before Europeans showed up?

• What was the immediate impact on BOTH Europe, Africa, and the Americans due to initial European contact and exploration?

• How did the colonial strategies of the Spanish, French, Portuguese, & Dutch differ?


Just exactly what did the Europeans discover in 1492?

• BEFORE you read this chapter, what did you know or think about the Americas and Native Americans?


The BIG ThemeThe BIG Theme

• Amazing/extreme diversity among peoples and groups in the Americas

• Diversity lays over some key commonalities– ID as part of family groups over individual or

subject of gov’t– Emp. on reciprocity & mutual obligation over

coercion (to stabilize society)– Whole universe (incl. nature) is sacred

• How do these characteristics compare/contrast with the views of most Europeans in 1500?

Reinforced

through

cultural

diffusion

(war, trade,

migration)


Getting people to the Americas

When?

During last Ice Age (12,000-35,000 years ago)

How?

Bering Land Bridge

Boats along Pacific Coasts

Why?

Likely following food sources (megafauna)

Map 1.1: Peopling of the Americas


Getting people to the Americas

Map 1.1: Peopling of the Americas

Issues with these ideas?MANY!!Happened too fastMore diversity than expected on time frameSpanish lang. archeologists in Meso & South America had different theories than English lang. archeologists in N. America (only last couple decades really started to compare notes)

Other Theories?Aliens (Nazca lines, Mayan Temples, disappearance of some groups)Chinese arriving in 1421 (pacific crossing, maybe leave via Atlantic)Egyptians or other Mediterranean groups (Atlantis?) arriving sometime before 1000 BC (Atlantic crossing)


The First Americans: 13,000-2500 BC

• The environment we know today probably began around BC 2500.

• Farming begins– Mexico & Central Am. by 3000 BC– New Mexcio to Amazon by 2500 BC


Cultural Diversity, 2500 BC – 1500 AD

•Societies that successfully adapted & improved farming became the most powerful

•Powerful and advanced societies developed throughout North and South America


Map 1.2: Major Mesoamerican Cultures, c. 1000 b.c.–a.d. 1519

Maya

Aztec

Map 1.3: Major Andean Cultures, 900 b.c.–a.d. 1432

INCA

Map 1.4: Locations of Selected Native American Peoples, a.d. 1500


“Cahokia” – Mississippian Culture


Activity: Diversity by Region

• Work in groups of 3• Divide newsprint into four blocks• Title each block one of the major Native

American regions:– Mesoamerica & South America– Southwest– Eastern Woodlands– Non-farming societies

• In each block draw key ideas or words to symbolize the groups in that region

• This is a VISUAL exercise !!


North America on the Eve of Contact

• Population: 1500 75 million in W. Hemisphere– 7-10 million in N.A.– Several hundred tribes/nations– Very diverse, but with key commonalities

• Kinship & Gender– Extended family groups more important than

nuclear families– Women did farming (except Southwest)– WAS fighting, rarely large numbers of deaths

• Spiritual & Social Values– Nature (incl. people) sacred– Relied on nature, therefore took care to not to

abuse/overuse– Heavily relied on reciprocity as social stabilizer

Documents

Welcome Back! What’s up for today? Get out notebook, planner, notes (HW) OMG! We have SOOOOO much to get done today!1! –How’d YOU do that? –Reading check