Inventions and Innovations

INVENTION - ConceptA new product, system, or process that has never existed before, created by study and experimentation.

An original device, idea, or process originated after study and experiment - a discovery or a new finding.

A new device, process, and so on, that has been created. Can be in either physical or conceptual form. Pre-existing knowledge is combined in a new way to yield something that did not before exist.

An invention is any new thing that makes something faster, easier, more powerful, more efficient, more attractive, more accurate, more fun, or more productive in short just plain better.

Invention - Concept

(TRIZ method)

Problem + Idea + (Theory) + Expertise + R&D + Material + Capital + Patent ___________________________________INVENTION___________________________________

Nuclear physics1900s - 1930s genius and team spirit of Ernest Rutherford create nuclear physics

Vacuum cleanerIn 1901 Hubert Booth patents the first vacuum cleaner. His large machine is first used in stores.

Vitamins1906-1930 Frederick Hopkins discovers vitamins

Aircraft carriersIn 1914 Brits invent aircraft carriers

Television picturesIn 1924 -1928 John Logie Baird becomes first to televise pictures

Zebra crossings George Charlesworth Doctor Zebra engineering physicist

Using maggots2006 - Brits use juice from maggots to speed healing of wounds

21st Century InventionCloningHealth and personal care productsArtificial intelligenceGenetic engineering in food, medicine etc.Smart cardSports productConcept of virtual entertainment products

Invention vs. Innovation

InventionInnovationNew and uniqueAn improvementOriginalModificationHigh riskLow riskTolerant of errorsRisk managementLong term commitmentCommitment to achieve the goalContinuousChangeableProcess complexProcess - systematicStarting from nothingStart from something that already existUnexpected outputOutput according to plan and expectationInvolve individual and self satisfactionInvolve organization and commercialization

Invention vs. Innovation

Invention A new manmade device or processInnovation A better way of doing things An improvement

Inventors - categoriesCaptive InventorInventors who work in industry and business - work as researchers.

Independent InventorInventors who make a career designing activity as full-time and part-time jobs.

Invention

Concrete InventionSocial InventionMain focus in science and technologySocial sciences (sociology, political science, education, law, linguistics, communication, anthropology, geography, etc.)

Product can be commercializedProduct can be commercialized

Involved research, development & technologyInvolved research & developmentHuman as central of problemsHuman as central of problemsBased theories and models of fundamental scienceBased theories and models of social science

Who is an inventor?a man (they were all men) had to have obtained a patent or applied for a patent

Someone whos the first to think of or make something

Anyone whos involvement and contribution was essential to the development of the invention

Someone who creates or produces an original device, idea or process

An inventor is someone who makes or produces things and objects for the first time through the use of the imagination or of ingenious thinking and experiment

An inventor is a person which creates new inventions, typically mechanical or electrical machines or others devices of practical use.

Catalyst for inventionSurvival and lifestylesEducation systemScience fiction films writing and filmLife changes and current needsTalent and human intelligenceProblem solving and R & DEnvironmental factors (earthquakes, floods, tsunamis etc.)Natural resource wealthDomination and competition

Intellectual Property (IP)

protection for creativity and innovation.

Types of IPPatentshow something works or the process of making it

Trade marks Words or logos to indicate the origin of the products or services

DesignThe distinctive look of the product or object

Copyright Artistic or written works eg. Paintings, books, films etc/

*one product can be protected by many firms of IP

Peter F. Drucker (1997) in Management Challenges For The 21st Century

Traditional Thinking vs. Innovative Thinking

Thinking ParadigmOld ThinkingInovative ThinkingCompetitionNational FocusGlobally DrivenGrowth DriversLabor/CapitalKnowledge/CreativityWorkers skillsJob SpecificBroad/Cross TrainingEducationDegree/Job SkillsLifelong LearningOrganization StructureHierarchicalNetworked & HorizontalMarketsStableDynamic & ChangingProductionMass ProductionFluid & FlexibleResearchLower PriorityConstant & High ProfileTechnology DriversMechanizedDigitalizedCompetitive AdvantageLower Cost/EfficiencyInnovation, High Quality & Speed

Creativity, Innovation & InventionRichard Fobes (1999) in The Creative Problem SolversRisks & Unknown Territory

INNOVATION - ConceptInnovation is a process by which new information emerges and is concretized in a product that meets human needs. (Nonaka dan Kenney, 1991)

is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into a useful product, service, or method of operation(Stephen & David, 2001)

Innovating is a process of changing, experimenting, transforming, revolutionizing (Robins dan Coulter, 2002)

Innovation is the process of generating something new and viable that adds value to an individual,organization or society (Ed Benacki, 2002)

INNOVATION - ConceptInnovations means taking new ideas and turning them into corporate and marketplace(Jeff & Richard, 2003)

Innovation is typically thought of as putting creative ideas to work. In the world of business, it connotes a new product or service or process by which an enterprise can make money or save money. In the world of science, innovators are often seen as those scientists and researchers who can convert a new substances or a new finding into a commercially viable product. Innovation has always been one of the key engines or growth for commerce and industry. (Janszen, 2000)

Innovation is the process of generating something new and viable that adds value to an individual,organization or society (Ed Benacki, 2002)

Innovation isCreativity The discover of new ideas

StrategyTo identify new and useful ideas

ImplementationImplementation of new ideas that useful

ProfitabilityMaximize the added value of new and useful ideas

Innovation - objectivesReduce costIncrease qualityEnhance existing performanceProvide additional performance featuresGives new performance

Types of InnovationSocial InnovationEfficiency Innovation

Technical InnovationEvolutionary Innovation incremental/continuous/smallRevolutionary Innovation radical/discontinuous/big

Evolution of the Telephone

Forms of InnovationProductServiceProgramProcessStrategy

Why is Innovation Important?Reduces waste and environmental damageCreate growth, increases productivity, and economic wealth (avoid stagnation)Provides better goods and services at cheaper price higher standard of livingMore interesting work for employeesOld strategy get replicated and, consequently margin gets squeezed

Innovation - source of ideasHumanCustomerEmployeeSupplier / distributorProfessional (professor / consultant)Director / ManagerOtherAccidental occurrencesMarket and industry changeschange perceptionsnew knowledgedemographic changes

What stimulate innovation?Cultural variables

Ambiguity tolerance Low internal control Risk tolerant Conflict tolerant Focus on goals The focus of the open systemHuman resource variables

High commitment towards training and development High job security Creative employeesStructural variables

Organic structure (*flexible, value external knowledge) Effective communication between units

The Innovative OrganizationEncourage employees, partners and suppliers involved in innovationAlways accept new ideas and approachesView and predicted future needs of customersDefines the 'rules of the game' and challenge competitorsEmphasizes the use of technology to strengthen competitionAllocation of resources to the development of ideasReward innovative effortsFast

Innovation has been called the most precious capability that any organization in todays economy must have and nurture. Without a constant flow of new ideas- not only for new products and services, but also for new ways of doings things- an organizations is doomed to obsolescence or even worse, failure

Robbins dan Coulter (2002) in Fundamentals of Management

****************