Week5 EETP BBT Final

8/16/2019 Week5 EETP BBT Final

1/12

Broadband Technology (BB) BB Access Technologies & Troubleshooting

5 BROADBAND ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES, TROUBLE

SHOOTING & SPEED MEASUREMENT

STRUCTURE

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 OBJECTIVE

5.3 FTTH

5.4 EVDO

5.5 WIMAX

5.6

TROUBLESHOOTING ADSL BB COMMON PROBLEMS

5.7 SPEED MEASUREMENT

5.8 FACTORS EFFECTING SPEED

5.9 SUMMARY

5.10 SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

5.11 REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED FURTHER READINGS

5.1

INTRODUCTION

Modern time is the time of speed. Everyone wants a higher and higher speed of internet access.

Many times user is having doubts in mind about actual speed of his broadband connection. Hence,

ISPs are providing tools to measure the speed of broadband connection. There are two terms

commonly employed in this regard:

i) Upload- From user to Internet

ii)

Download - From Internet to userBoth of the above can be measured.

5.2

OBJECTIVEAfter reading this unit, you should be able to understand:

Understand various BB Access Technologies

Troubleshooting ADSL BB Common Problems

How to measure speed of a Broadband connection

How to measurement of speed of a Broadband connection takes place

Need of speed test

Ways of testing speed

EETP/BSNL Gold Certification Course/Ver.02/Jan’2015 Page 1 of 12

For Restricted Circulation


2/12


5.3 FTTH (FIBRE TO THE HOME)

Fibre to the Home (FTTH) is a unique technology deployed for the first time in India. The fibreconnectivity having unlimited bandwidth and state of the art technology provides fix access

platform to deliver the high speed broadband from 256 Kbps to 100 Mbps, IPTV having differenttype of contents like HDTV and future coming 3D TV and range of voice telephony services. It

provides a comprehensive solution for the IP leased line, internet, Closed User Group (CUG),MPLS-VPN, VoIP, video conferencing, video calls etc whatever the services available on theinternet platform, bandwidth on demand can be delivered by this connectivity to the withoutchanging the access fibre and home device. Customer will get a CPE called Home Optical

Network Termination (HONT) consist of 4X100 Mpbs Ethernet ports and 2 normal telephone ports. Each 100 Mbps ports will provide broadband, IPTVs, IP Video call and leased line etc asrequired by the customers. Customer will get power back unit having full load backup of fourhours and normal backup of three days. This power backup will be AC input and connecting to theHONT on 12V DC.

Connectivity via FTTH:

Optical Fibre is extended from nearest Central Office (CO) location directly and installHONT and battery backup is provided at the users identified locations. The services such as Voice,Broadband, IPTV etc. can be enabled as per the user’s requested plans for the same.

FTTH Network Architecture:




3/12


The services over FTTH:

Basic internet Access Service controlled and uncontrolled from 256Kbps to 1000Mbps.

TV over IP Service (MPEG2).

Video on Demand (VoD)(MPEG4) play like VCR

Audio on Demand Service Bandwidth on Demand (User and or service configurable)

Remote Education

Point to Point and Point to Multi Point Video Conferencing, virtual classroom

Voice and Video Telephony over IP: Connection under control of centrally located softswitches

Interactive Gaming

VPN on broadband

Dial up VPN Service

Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS)

5.4

EVOLUTION OF DATA ONLY (EVDO)

Wireless data Service can be provided using CDMA 2000 1X & EVDO technology. A user canavail these services by using USB or PCMCIA type data card. The data card (EVDO/CDMA 1X)allows to accesses the high speed internet without need of landline. You can use the services whileon move. The service is available PAN India.Data services are available in prepaid as well as

postpaid. Two types of data services that can be provided using on CDMA technology:

CDMA 1X data service with internet surfing peak speed up to 144 kbps.

EVDO data service with internet surfing peak speed up to 3.1 Mbps.

Silent feature of this services are following:

Strong network coverage.

Easy to setup

Roaming

Available on prepaid as well as postpaid.

Attractive prices & tariff plans

Strong network coverage

CDMA Network is available on Pan-India. EVDO services are available in all major city /town &1x data services are all over the India.

Easy to setup Data card are easily setup in laptop as well as desktop. All the data card are plug & play i.e datacard are automatically detected by laptop/desktop. Data card are supporting all OS likeWindow-xp, Window-vista, window-7, linux etc.

Roaming

CDMA roaming service allows you to stay connected and use data card for internet surfingfrom almost anywhere in India.




4/12


Available on prepaid as well as postpaid

CDMA data services are available on prepaid as well as postpaid. Varieties of tariff plan areavailable in prepaid and postpaid services. Customer can chose prepaid or postpaid servicesand different tariff plan as per requirement.

Attractive prices & tariff plans CDMA offers data services on very attractive tariff plan. CDMA offer Variety of unlimited &

bundled plan in prepaid as well as postpaid services.

5.5 WI-MAX

WiMAX acronym meaning “Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access”.It is an IP based

Wireless Broadband Access Technology utilizing IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard as the air interface.

Wi-MAX is a unique technology being deployed for the first time in India. This technology provides fixed as well as fully mobile high speed broadband connectivity alongwith roaming

feature. It provides users a thrilling Internet browsing experience.

Wi-MAX technology provides fixed as well as fully mobile high speed broadband connectivityalong with roaming feature. It provides users, a thrilling Internet browsing experience. Three typesof Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) are available as Outdoor CPE, Indoor CPE andUSBdongle from which customers can choose as per their application requirements.

Indoor Equipment :- Best suited for Home/Office users and it can be used in moving vehicle also.

Dongle Equipment :- Small Dongle can be connected directly to PC / Laptop via USB

port.

Outdoor Equipment :- Suitable for remote and rural areas which can be used upto 15 Kilometers distance (Line of sight) from BTS site.

Range of WiMAX (Wireless Broadband)

Range of WiMAX: 15 Kms for Rural area (LOS) and 4 Kms for Urban area.

Data transfer speed of WiMAX technology for end users

User can expect to have broadband access speeds ranging from 256 Kbps to 2 Mbps.

WiMAX (Wireless Broadband) services offer to the average consumer

WiMAX will provide broadband connectivity anywhere, anytime, for any device includes

1. High speed internet access.

2. Substantially increase data speeds for applications like Online Gaming, Streaming Videoand Video Conferencing.




5/12


Difference between WiMAX and Wi-Fi

WiMAX is the Next Generation of Wireless Broadband instead of “Wi-Fi”. It can connectyou to the internet in faster speed and wider coverage compared to Wi-Fi that can only beconnected on Hotspots like Hotels, Restaurants, Airports and Recreation Center etc.

Benefits of WiMAX

Convenience: You can move around the CPE device and get the Internet access everywherein your home, and in the office. And you can subscribe only one connection for both officeand home use.

No Wire Required: No Wire, No Telephone connection required.

Quick setup & activation: WiMAX setup and activation are quick and fast. You don’t haveto wait for telephone running.

Quality connection: Using WiMAX you can browsing at a very good speed.

Who can use WiMAX?

WiMAX is most suitable for home users, individual, small office and home office.Customer who want to use internet at home and in the office but want to subscribe only oneconnection can use this facility. Customer for those who have no phone line at the locationand / or live in the rented apartments can also use WiMAX Connection.

What is needed to get WiMAX connection?

You will need your desktop or laptop computer with Ethernet card and the wireless devicei.e. CPE (Customer Premise Equipment). CPE can be purchased from BSNL or can be

provided on monthly rent as you apply for WiMAX connection.

What is needed to apply for phone-line to have the WiMAX service?

No. WiMAX is wireless technology so there is no need to apply for a phone line.

What is the cost of CPE ?

The cost of CPE is Rs 1500/- uniformly for Indoor/Outdoor and USB CPEs.

Is WiMAX secure?

Yes. WiMAX technology incorporates much better and more flexible security support thanthe Wi-Fi standard. All user traffic is encrypted before being routed through the Network.

Is WiMAX(Wireless Broadband) safe?

Yes. It is safe and there is no harmful effect on human body.

How can customer connect the computer to the WiMAX(Wireless Broadband) Service?

Customer have to connect your Computer to CPE using Ethernet cable.



http://www.bsnlteleservices.com/2012/08/bsnl-wireless-broadband-wimax-cpe.htmlhttp://www.bsnlteleservices.com/2012/08/bsnl-wireless-broadband-wimax-cpe.html


6/12


Can one run VoIP over WiMAX(Wireless Broadband)?

Yes, you can use VoIP in following manner1. PC to PC (In India and Outside).2. PC to Phone (Outside India).

Why should you choose Wi-MAX? Internet browsing at lightning speed

Data Download/Upload at very high speed upto 7Mbps

Superior Performance

World’s latest wireless broadband technology

Very low cost and low starting tariff

Wide range of User friendly plans

Wi-MAX Services: High speed broadband connectivity upto 7Mbps

Leased Lines

VPN Services

Web based Video Conferencing




7/12


5.6 TROUBLESHOOTING BROADBAND CONNECTION

Broadband connection has become a gateway to the world of information, access to lot many

on-line services, bill payments, e-ticketing, banking transaction, gaming & entertainment etc,

importantly sitting at home, without need to move out or stand in a queue. If the connection is

down due to some reason, user is held up & need to move out & face problems. Hence, ifuser is able to solve some of the problems himself, it is very helpful in restoration of the

broadband connection.

5.6.1 IDENTIFICATION OF BROADBAND CONNECTION ERROR

Looking to the code received during the connection phase, we will be able to guess the nature

of problem. If our broadband connection is working in Always-on/Multi- User/PPPoE mode,

we need to configure it in Bridge/Single-User mode, so as to get the error codes.

a) Problem Error-678

Description This is most common problems. It is due to poor connectivity. Problemcan be anywhere between B.RAS - Tier 2 - DSLAM - Modem - PC

of the customer.

Remedy Switch off / Switch on Modem (Power Switch at the back of modem )and wait for 2 minutes. Then retry.

If problem is not solved then Reset Modem [Back pin (in the hole) to

be pressed in switched ON condition]

[Note : Link PC/ WAN / LAN in Modem will go Off and then ON

and system may be stable. Then retry.If problem is still not solved then

a) Check link / WAN lamp in Modem. If it is blinking, then it is

line problem.

b) Check Modem to splitter connectivity.

i) Jack in & Jack out the cable of / to the modem and to the splitter

ii) Jack in & Jack out the telephone connection of the splitter.

If lamp is still blinking - then it is due to poor line condition / fault. ThenArea Broadband Team is to be contacted for attending the fault.




8/12


b) Problem Error-691

Description User id and Password problem.

Remedy The case is to be referred to Central Broadband Team. Central Broadband

Team will reset the password and intimate that password has been reset.

c) Problem Error-769

Description LAN not enabled.

Remedy The LAN Card has to be enabled by following the steps given

below.

i) Go to Desktop.

ii) Click "My Network Place".

iii) Select Properties.

iv) Click "Enable the local network".

d) Problem Error- 797

Description Modem or LAN driver problem

Remedy Reset the Modem (in on condition) by pressing button available in

the backside hole of the modem and wait for 2 minutes and then log on.

If the problem is not solved then call your vendor to check computer

LAN Card driver.

e)

Problem Error-718

Description Peak Hour - This problem occurs if loading is high on the system and

number of customers exceed the call handling

capacity of B.RAS.

Slack Hour -This problem occurs if PPPoE is corrupted.

Remedy i)Peak Hour - Please try after some time.

ii)Slack Hour - Please load PPPoE again.

f) Problem Error - 630-633

Description Computer LAN Card problem.

Remedy LAN Card has to be changed.




9/12


g) Problem Broadband is not working

Description Cable Internet is working, but broadband is not working. broadband

is working through LAN Card. Problem can be seen by observing

PC/LAN lamp in modem, which might not be glowing or may be

blinking.

Remedy LAN Card has to be changed.

h) Problem Sites not opening using Broadband connection

Description From Broadband connection, sites are not opening. Probable reasons

Internet explorer is not supporting the Pop (may be pirated OS).

Virus has corrupted the Internet explorer.

Remedy The user has to set it right by re-installing the O/S or Internet Browser (I.E.etc).

i) Problem DNS is not responding. BB DNS server may be having problem.

Remedy Ping-61.1.96.69 or 61.1.96.71 and check up whether DNS is responding

5.6.2 TROUBLESHOOTING BROADBAND MODEM

Failures Instructions

Power light Ensure power adapter is well connected;

is out.Ensure the right power adapter is used.

ADSL LINK Ensure the ADSL line is well connected;

light is out. Ensure the telephone line before entering the house is valid, try to test with a

telephone;

Check that there is no junction box before connecting Modem, which has such

components like capacitors or diodes that could hinder back high frequency

signals;

Ensure the Modem and telephones are connected in the right way.




10/12


LAN LINK Ensure you use the right cables from the Modem to your PC;

light is out. Ensure the connection is secured;

Check if the NIC LED lights up;

Ensure your Network Adapter works normally by examining whether the item of

“Networking Adapters” is labeled with “? or “!”. If it is, you may delete it and

then click “Refresh” to reinstall. Otherwise, you may try the NIC in another slot.

As a last resort, you have to replace the NIC.

Can‟t access Take the most common access mode as an example, in which a dial-up

the Internet.application is installed on the user ‟s computer:

Ensure that any of the problems above is not the reason;Ensure that the dial-up

application is correctly installed and set on your PC;

Ensure that you have entered the right user name and password;

Ensure “Use Proxy Server” is set properly for IE, if the problem still remains

even after you have log into successfully;

Try more than one Web sites, in case of some Web server ‟s being in failure.

5.6.3 STEPS FOR TROUBLESHOOTINGUser is not able to Browse.

Check that ADSL line is properly connected, CPE is powered on and ADSL linkLED is glowing in stable condition.

Check that LAN cable is properly connected to PC and LAN link LED is glowing in

stable condition. If LAN LED is not stable then check that LAN cable is connected

properly or replace the cable and check. In case the LAN cable is connected to LAN

switch or HUB, you have to use a cross cable. If the LAN LED is still not glowing,

then veify that LAN card is properly installed with suitable driver or get the help ofyour computer service person for doing so.

If all the physical installation is correct but still you are not able to browse. Thencheck that-

The TCP/IP setting are configured as desired with correct gateway address and DNS

server IP addresses. To verify open the DOS window and type ping

192.168.1.1 it should give output „R eply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32time


11/12


Ensure that no proxy setting is configured in Browser. In Internet explorer you can

verify as following –

Open the Internet explorer and Click on Tools and select Internet Options.

Click on Connections tab and select LAN Settings. See if any proxy setting areconfigured. Uncheck the proxy settings box and click OK.

If still it is not working, then login to CPE configuration page ( http://192.168.1.1) through Internet Explorer.

Observe the information displayed on Summary page. Note whether the ADSL

link speed for upstream/ downstream is displayed. ADSL state should be „Show

Time’. The SNR value should be 10 or more. The CRC value should be zero or a

low figure and it should not be increasing.

Scroll down the page and see the WAN Channel information. Against PVC0, itshould display IP address (59.92.xx.xx) and Gateway address, Encapsulation should be PPPoE and Status should in GREEN colour. If this information is notappearing, then check for correctness of PPPoE configuration in Home->Wan Settings page. Check whether you have entered correct username and password and

Default Gateway is enabled.

5.7 SPEED MEASUREMENT

The speed of Broadband connection can be checked using different ways. The speed can

be checked using DSL tester, online tester available in different web sites and using DSL modems

also. The DSL line can be connected to DSL tester and the line test can be initiated which

ultimately gives the speed parameters. Besides this, there are different websites like

speedtester.bsnl.co.in or mp.bsnl.co.in etc. which provides link to the online speed tester. The link

can be clicked to start the speed test.

5.8 FACTORS EFFECTING SPEED

How fast data is sent towards DSL modem or User’s PC? Obviously it depends on tariff

plan subscribed by the user. But this is not only the factor which decides the speed but there are

other factors too. Some of them are as follows :-

The distance of users DSL modem from DSLAM. Lesser the distance more will be thespeed.

The quality/condition of DSL line w.r.t insulation, no. of joints and wire size.Good insulation, less no. of joints, thicker wire will lead to good speed.

The hardware specification and software availability at users PC may also effect thespeed with which the user can use Broadband services. For example, CPU speed andRAM capacity may have great impact on data throughput on the screen. More CPUspeed and large RAM size can make the Broadband services enjoyable.

The softwares available in PC also effects the speed like BitTorrent, Internet downloadmanager, malicious software like worms etc. This software may eat up large



http://192.168.1.1/http://192.168.1.1/http://192.168.1.1/


12/12


bandwidth to download desired or undesired applications without users permission,thereby impacting the speed badly.

Some of the utilities like windows update or antivirus update can also effect the speedduring their updation. This utilities can also impact the broadband bill of user as theycross the maximum data usage in case of limited broadband plans.

5.9 SUMMARY

Some of the common problems can be solved by the user himself by a careful

observation. Error code provides clue to the problem. For this Broadband modem must be

configured in Bridge mode. Based on this, user can come to a conclusion & proceed for the

rectification of the problem, if needed, with the help of ISP.

5.10 SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

i) How can we identify the problems in broadband connection?

ii)

Which mode of Broadband allows us to identify problem by providing codes?

iii) What is the default IP address of BB Modem irrespective of its make?

5.11 REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED FURTHER READINGS

Broadband Services: Business Models and Technologies for Community Networks by Imrich Chlamtac, Ashwin Gumaste, Csaba Szabo

Broadband Access Technology, Interfaces, and Management by Alex gillespie

Broadband Last Mile: Access Technologies for Multimedia Communications by Nikil Jayant

Broadband Telecommunications Handbook by Regis B J Bates Advances in Broadband Communication and Networks by J. I. Agbinya, Oya

Sevimli



Documents

Week5 EETP BBT Final