Week 8. Do Now Pg. 17L Negative words: no, not, nobody, nothing, none, never, hardly, scarcely, barely, only. Using two negatives in the same sentence

Week 8

Do

Now

Pg.

17L

Negative words: no, not, nobody, nothing, none, never, hardly, scarcely, barely, only. Using two negatives in the same sentence gives the opposite meaning, but it does the job awkwardly. Avoid double negatives!

Write the sentences with the correct word in parentheses.

1. She couldn’t eat (anything, nothing) at dinner tonight.2. I didn’t see (nothing, anything) in the room.3. We (could, couldn’t) hardly see through the fog.4. She did not have (anything, nothing) to read in class.5. I could not see (no, any) way to help the alien.6. I cannot find my money (anywhere, nowhere).7. You (can, cannot) scarcely recognize her.8. The children do not need (no, any) candy.

Created by José J. Gonzalez, Jr.Spring 2002STCC

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In the English language . . .• There are nine parts of speech . . .• Nouns• Verbs• Pronouns• Adjectives• Adverbs• Conjunctions• Articles• Prepositions• Interjections

It is important to understand that every word in a sentence has a job to do, a role in the sentence.

On the right side of each word grade your level of understanding from

4 – 3- 2 - 1


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Noun: person, place, thing or quality

• Person: Mr. Garcia likes to eat spinach.

• Place: Mission is an old town.

• Thing: To cook you need a couple of pots.

• Quality: Honesty is a great value to possess.


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Verb: shows action or state of being

• Action: He was running through the forest.

• State of being: He was sad that particular morning.


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Pronoun: takes the place of a noun

• Guillermo was studying for the mid-term exam when he realized that it was three o’clock in the morning.

• (There are actually many types of pronouns: personal, interrogative,demonstrative, indefinite, relative, possessive, reflexive, reciprocal)


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Adjective: describes a noun

• The beautiful woman only wanted a couple of pairs of shoes.

• The rainy day made us even sadder.


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Adverb: describes a verb, adjectives, and other adverbs

• The little girl walked happily through the park.

• The orphan hungrily ate the hot stew.


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Conjunctions: words that join words, phrases or sentences

• Manuel and Marisol loved to cook.

• You will go to school, or you will fail.

• I am happy because I just received my check.

• It has been cloudy since the morning.


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Article: There are only three articles--the, a , an (Actually, articles are adjectives and not a different part of speech)

• The bicycle was not only red but shiny.

• A yellow moon always appears in October.

• An excellent student, Armando passed all his exams.


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Preposition: A word or phrase that shows the relationship between the noun that it takes as an object and some other word

in the sentence.

• The cat was on the table.• The dog was under the table.• These are some common prepositions:• For on to up• at under above toward• With between in behind• From upon into off


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Interjections: expressive words

• Wow, you knocked that ball out of the park.• Oh, you really need to take care of yourself. • Huh, what did you say?• Ah, now I understand the problem.

Identify each word in the following sentence

• The beautiful queen was walking slowly on the cool lawn, and she was reading a long book about knights and kings which she enjoyed.


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• The beautiful queen was walking slowly article adjective noun verb verb adverb

• on the cool lawn, and she was reading a preposition article adjective noun conjunction pronoun verb verb article

• long book about knights and kings which • adjective noun preposition noun conjunction noun pronoun

• she enjoyed. • Pronoun verb


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Assignment: Identify parts of speech

1. The king did not know if he was going to make the cake, and he was afraid to tell the queen.

2. The thin waitress told the customers that they desperately needed to go on a diet.

3. I ran many miles every day, and I couldn’t lose a pound.

4. This quiz was a piece of cake.

Four Kinds of Sentences

Declarative Sentence

A declarative sentence makes a statement. It ends with a

period.He likes pepperoni pizza.

The umbrella is green.Mrs. Smith is a teacher.

Interrogative Sentence

An interrogative sentence asks a question. It ends with a

question mark.Do you like pepperoni pizza?Have you seen my umbrella?

Who is your teacher?

Exclamatory Sentence

An exclamatory sentence shows strong feeling. It ends

with an exclamation point.Hooray!

Wow! That’s great news!

Imperative Sentence

An imperative sentence gives a command. It ends with a

period.Go to your room.

Throw me the ball.Bob, please close the door.

Practice TimeSee if you can correctly identify the following kinds of sentences.

What kind of sentence is this?

Are you going to the movies tonight?

Interrogative –because the

sentence asks a question


What a great movie that was!

Exclamatory –because the

sentence shows strong feeling


There are many different kinds of animals at the

zoo.

Declarative –because the sentence makes

a statement


“Open to Chapter 5 of your math book.”

Imperative –because the sentence gives a

command


Bob has an iPod.


a statement


Be careful with your iPod.


command


iPods are amazing!




Do you have an iPod?




Please pass the salt and pepper.


command


It is sunny outside.


a statement


Are you planning to travel during your

vacation?




What a beautiful day!




Would you like to go to the beach with me?




Bring your hat and sunblock with you to the

beach.


command


Wow! What a play!




The student went to the store to buy some candy.


a statement


What is your favorite food?




Don’t forget to study for the test.


command


This is the last practice sentence.


a statement

Sentence Structure

Before We Begin…

• Does anyone know what a subject is? – A noun that is the topic of the sentence– Example: Susie ate ice cream today.

• Susie is a noun. Susie is the subject

• Does anyone know what a verb is? – A verb is an action word. – Example: Susie ate ice cream today.

• ate is the verb in the sentence

• NOTE: Subordinate means the same as Dependent in this lesson.

CLAUSESIndependent Clauses

Dependent Clauses

An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. An independent clause is a sentence all on it’s own.

Example 1: The dog barks.

subject verb+ =Independent

ClauseExample 2: Although I had tickets, I did not go to the show.

verb subject+ =Independent

Clause

A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but DOES NOT express a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot be a sentence.

Non Example: When Jim studied at Starbucks for his English quiz .

subject verb

But wait…there’s not a complete thought.

What happened when he studied?

Example: When Jim studied at Starbucks for his English quiz, it was very noisy .

The phrase “it was very noisy” completes the thought about Jim at Starbucks.

TO SUMMARIZE (ON YOUR HANDOUT)

An Independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and express a complete thought. It’s a sentence all on its own.

Example:

A subordinate (dependent) clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and does not express a complete thought. A subordinate (dependent) clause can not be a sentence on its own.

Example:

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PRACTICE! CAN YOU HELP ME?

Sentence independent or dependent (subordinate)

1.While we were sleeping one night2.A thunderstorm blew in from the north3.Rain pelted the windows of my bedroom4.Although I’m a sound sleeper5.I awoke with a start6.When I hear the first clap of thunder7.Since I had left the window open8.My books on the windowsill are wet

1. dependent

2. independent

4. dependent

3. independent

5. independent

6. dependent

7. dependent

8. independent

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WRITE AN INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT CLAUSE ABOUT SCHOOL IN YOUR NOTEBOOK

Independent clause: ____________________________________________________________________________.

Dependent clause: ____________________________________________________________________.

PRACTICE WITH CLAUSES: WORKSHEET

I’m going to pass out a worksheet that we will complete for more practice on clauses!We will do Exercise 1 togetherYou will complete Exercise 2 and 3 on your own!

TYPES OF SENTENCES

Simple Sentences

Independent clause = I love ice cream.

Complex Sentences

Independent clause + Dependent clause = Complex Sentence

Ex: When it’s hot out, I love ice cream.

Compound Sentences

Independent clause + Independent clause = Compound Sentence

Ex: I love ice cream, and I adore chocolate cake.

SENTENCE TYPES PRACTICESimple Sentence:

You could go swimming.We could take a walk.

Compound Sentence: You could go swimming , or we could take a walk.

Complex Sentence: You will enjoy swimming and walking if you are interested in exercise.

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HOW DO YOU COMBINE SENTENCES?

Compound sentences and complex sentences are very unique because of the way the sentences are combined!In order to combine sentences (clauses) you need conjunctions!The two types of conjunctions are:

1. Coordinating conjunctions2. Subordinating conjunctions

Compound sentence

• Compound sentences always combine two simple sentences with a comma + FANBOYS– For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

• THESE ARE CALLED COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS!!!!

Coordinating conjunctions connect 2 independent clauses. There are 7 coordinating conjunctions that link sentences. To remember them, we use the word FANBOYS.

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FANBOYS (NOTICE THE COMMAS BEFORE THE CONJUNCTION!)

1. For shows reason.

2. And shows addition.

3. Nor adds a negative.

4. But shows opposition.

5. Or shows an alternative.

6. Yet shows exception.

7. So shows a result.

1. I like to read mystery novels, for I love suspense

2. She goes to the beach, and she takes her dog.

3. I don’t like garlic, nor do I like onions4. He won’t get into the concert, but

he can try.5. I will take my kids to a movie, or I

will stay home.6. I want to lose weight, yet I eat

chocolate daily.7. I will study the fanboys, so I can

impress my teacher.

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Find the Coordinating Conjunction

• Can you help me find the coordinating conjunction in the following sentences?– 1.) I wanted to go to the theme park, but I had to write my

paper first. – 2.) You can make some salad, or you can order some pizza.– 3.) Lisa wanted to go to her friend’s house, so she helped her

mom with all the chores. – 4.) John waited for the train, but the train was late.

– Can you now help me underline each of the independent clauses??

Complex Sentences

• Complex sentences are combined with SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS.

• Subordinating Conjunctions connect dependent clauses with independent clauses.

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Subordinate conjunctions

• You can remember them as: BISAWAWE– Because – If– Since– After– When– Although– While– Even though

Examples:

• If I go to the store• After we ate at the restaurant• While I was studying

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Do Now – 19 L

• Directions: Underline the adverbs in the following sentences.

1) The fire spread rapidly.2) Astronauts are really cool.3) He did rather well on the test.4) He told us to talk quietly in the library.5) We swam right before the storm.6) The old man drank the juice slowly.7) It is exactly 3:00 in the afternoon.8) The cat quickly pounced on the mouse.9) We walked happily through the forest.

Do Now – 19 L

• Directions: Underline the adverbs in the following sentences.

• 1) The fire spread rapidly throughout the building.• 2) Astronauts are really cool.• 3) He did rather well on the test.• 4) He told us to talk quietly in the library.• 5) We swam right before the storm.• 6) The old man drank the juice slowly.• 7) It is exactly 3:00 in the afternoon.• 8) The cat quickly pounced on the mouse.• 9) We walked happily through the forest.

GENRE WRITING: Folklore and Fables

Genre = Category

All writing falls into a category or genre.

We will use 5 main genresand 15 subgenres.

DramaFiction PoetryFolkloreNonfiction

Tragedy

ComedyRealistic Fiction

Fable

Historical Fiction

Fantasy

Myth

Science Fiction

Tall Tale

Legend

Fairy Tale

Biography

Autobiography

PersuasiveWriting

InformationalWriting

Folklore Subgenre: FableFolklore: stories once passed down orallyFolklore/Folktales usually has (have) an

“unknown” author or will be “retold” or “adapted” by the author.

• Fable: short story with personified animals and a moralPersonified: given the traits of peopleMoral: lesson or message of a fable

Genre: Folklore / FolktalesSome of the elements of the genre of folklore / folktales:

•A story that has been told and retold over generations•Different countries have similar folk tales•Folk tales often begin with “Once upon a time” or “Long ago in a far away place…”•Characters can be animals or objects that can speak•The story often teaches a lesson or moral•Good or smart wins over evil or unintelligent•The story is told using the words he, she or it•Actions or words are often repeated (in a pattern)•The story has an exciting “high point” at the end

Aesop and his Fables

Written by Lin DonnIllustrated by Phillip Martin

http://www.mrdonn.org/index.html

http://www.pppst.com/clipart.html

Aesop was an ancient Greek storyteller who lived around 550 BCE. He was also a slave. He lived in ancient Rome, in the home of a wealthy Roman family.

Legend says … Aesop’s Roman master was so delighted with Aesop’s fables that he granted Aesop his freedom!

Aesop’s Fables

There are no records to prove that Aesop ever wrote anything down. Fortunately, after his death, people did write down every fable they could remember.

Over the centuries, Aesop's fables have been rewritten and illustrated and translated into nearly every language in the world.

Aesop’s Fables

Today, we still enjoy these wonderful stories created over 2,500 years ago!

Each is a very short story, and each has a moral.

Like this one …

Aesop’s Fables

One day, a fox fell down a well. He tried to climb out, but the well was too deep.

A goat wandered by. He peered down curiously. “What are you doing in a well?” asked the goat.

The Fox and the Goat

“I’m warning you, goat,” snarled the fox. “This is my water! Go away.”

“You can’t keep all the water for yourself,” the goat snorted. The goat jumped in the well.


The fox jumped on the goat’s back and leaped out of the well. He ran off without a care for the goat who was stuck in the well.

The Moral of This Story is: Don’t always believe what you hear from someone in trouble.


Gallery Walk Fables

• Today we are doing a gallery walk on fables. You will have 30 minutes.

• There are 5 sample texts on the wall.

• You will answer the questions for each fable on a separate sheet of paper.– Please write the title of the fable above the questions

you are answering.– Please write in complete sentences.

Exit Slip: Dialogue

1. John said, That's my coat.

2. Jack said, I have a coat like yours.

3. Is the pizza here. asked Hillary.

4. I love extra cheese, said Jamie.

Directions: REWRITE the sentences below, correcting the lines of dialogue

Documents

Week 8. Do Now Pg. 17L Negative words: no, not, nobody, nothing, none, never, hardly, scarcely, barely, only. Using two negatives in the same sentence