Hypothesis Reasonable guess that can be tested and is based on
what is known and what is observed.
Slide 8
Scientific Theory A possible explanation for repeatedly
observed patterns in nature supported by observations and results
from many investigations.
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Variable Any factor that can affect the results of an
experiment
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Independent variable In an experiment, the variable that is
manipulated or controlled by the experimenter.
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Dependent Variable In an experiment, the variable that responds
to changes in the independent variable; the variable being
measured.
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Week 3
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1) matter Anything that has mass and takes up space.
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2) Law of conservation of matter States that matter is not
created or destroyed but only changes its form
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3) density Physical property of matter that can be found by
dividing the matters mass by its volume
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4) Chemical property Characteristic of something that permits
its change to something new
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5) Physical property Any characteristic of matter such as
color, shape, and taste that can be detected by the senses without
changing the identity of the matter
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6) gas Matter that does not have a definite shape or volume;
has particles that move at high speeds in all directions
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7) solid A substance with a definite shape and volume
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8) liquid A substance that has a definite volume but no
definite shape
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9) Chemical change Any change of a material into a new material
with different properties
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10) Physical change Any change in the size, shape, form, or
state of matter in which the matters identity remains the same
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Week 4
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1) Precision A description of how close measurements are to
each other
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2) Accuracy Compares a measurement to the true value
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3) Meniscus The curve seen at the top of a liquid in response
to its container
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4) Observation an act or instance of noticing or perceiving;
regarding attentively or watching; the habit of observing or
noticing.
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5) Mass Measure of the amount of matter making up an
object
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6) Weight A measure of the pull of gravity on the mass of an
object
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7) Density Physical property that compares the mass of a
substance per unit volume
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8) Balance Tool used for measuring mass
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9) Volume The amount of space matter occupies
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10) Graduated Cylinder Tool used to measure volume
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Week 5
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1) atom The basic building block of all matter that is the
smallest unit of an element that still has the chemical properties
of that element.
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2) molecule Smallest unit of a compound; formed when atoms
join
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3) States of matter Also called phases of matter; solid,
liquid, gas, and plasma
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4) Solid Have a fixed shape and a fixed volume.
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5) Liquid Have no fixed shape, they take the shape of their
container, but they do have a fixed volume.
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6) Gas No fixed shape or volume, gases take the shape of their
container and completely fill it.
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7) Physical properties A characteristic of a substance that can
be observed directly or measured with a tool without changing the
composition of the substance. Examples include: volume, mass,
weight, density, texture, and color
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8) Physical change Any change in a substance in which the
composition of the substance does not change. Examples include:
stretching a rubber band, smashing a pumpkin, melting ice, and
slicing a carrot.
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9) Pure substance a kind of matter that cannot be separated
into other kinds of matter by any physical or chemical process
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10) Compound A pure substance composed of more than one type of
element chemically combined in a fixed proportion
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Yeah!
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1) Uniform without variations in detail; constant; unvarying;
undeviating
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2) reactivity the ability of an atom, molecule, or compound to
undergo a chemical reaction with another atom, molecule, or
compound.chemical reaction
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3) combustibility capable of catching fire and burning;
flammable
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4) viscosity the property of a fluid that resists the force
tending to cause the fluid to flow.force
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5) pH the symbol used to express how acidic or basic a solution
is on a scale of 0 to 14, where less than 7 represents acidic, 7
neutral, and more than 7 basic.
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6) precipitate to separate a substance in solid form from a
solution
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7) solution a homogeneous, molecular mixture of two or more
substances.mixture
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8) Phase change The relationship between temperatures and
changes of state
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9) heat The transfer of thermal energy between two objects at
different temperatures.
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10) temperature Measure of the average kinetic energy of the
particles in a sample of matter.
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Week 7
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1) miscible capable of being mixed
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2) immiscible not miscible; incapable of being
mixedmiscible
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3) condensation The process by which a gas changes to a
liquid
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4) vaporization The process by which a liquid changes into a
gas
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5) Melting point The temperature at which a solid changes into
a liquid; is the same temperature as freezing point
Slide 63
6) Freezing point The temperature at which a liquid turns into
a solid; that same temperature as melting point
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7) sublimation A phase change from solid directly to gas or
from gas directly to a solid, without ever turning into a
liquid
Slide 65
8) Boiling point The temperature at which a liquid changes to a
gas
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9) Convection current Movement of a gas, liquid, or plastic
solid caused by variations in density that result from uneven
heating of matter
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10) evaporate To change from a liquid to a gas at or below the
boiling point
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Week 8
Slide 69
1) electron Subatomic particle that carries a negative
charge
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2) Electron cloud Area of space around the nucleus of an atom
where electrons are found
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3) atom The smallest part of an element that keeps all the
properties of that element
Slide 72
4) Energy level The different areas for an electron in an
atom
Slide 73
5) Chemical bond The force that holds two atoms together
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6) protons Subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom
that have a positive charge
Slide 75
7) neutrons Subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom
that have no charge
Slide 76
8) ion An atom that is no longer neutral because it has gained
or lost an electron
Slide 77
9) molecule The neutral particle formed when atoms share
electrons
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10) compound A pure substance containing two or more elements
that are chemically bonded
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Week 9
Slide 80
1) element Natural or synthetic material that cannot be broken
down into simpler materials by ordinary means; has unique
properties and is generally classified as metal, metalloid, or
nonmetal.
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2) Valance electrons Electrons located in the outermost energy
level of an atom
Slide 82
3) Atomic number The number of protons in the nucleus of an
atom
Slide 83
4) Atomic mass Also known as atomic weight; the average mass of
an atom of an element
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5) Periodic table of elements A chart that organizes
information about all of the known elements according to their
properties
Slide 85
6) Valance number the number of electrons needed to fill the
outermost shell of an atomelectronsatom
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7) Subatomic particle a particle smaller than an atom
Slide 87
8) Democritus A Greek philosopher who proposed the idea of an
atom; a particle so small that it could not be divided
Slide 88
9) John Dalton A British chemist and school teacher; showed
through experimentation and observation in the 1700s that All
substances are made of atoms. Atoms of the same element are exactly
alike and atoms of different elements are different Atoms join with
other atoms to make new substance.
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10) J. J. Thomson British scientist; in 1897 discovered that
there are small particles inside the atom.