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Wednesday 9/26/18Agenda:-Hand in homework and sit down quietly-Do Now-Recap of yesterday’s Lab-Mutation Video-Mutation Evolution
HW:
C5.1 Homework Notes
Jognogs due next Tues.
Bumble Bee Bio
What you did…….
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What you learned….-----
Top Takeaways
● DNA are located in the nucleus of a cell
● DNA provides Genetic Instructions to proteins
● Proteins make genetic traits (eye color, ear shape, hair texture)
● The “language” of DNA is different from the “Language” of Proteins
● mRNA are “translators “ that take DNA “language” and change it to language Proteins can understandDNA: CGT- ACGRNA: CGU-TGC
● Once understood Proteins can carry out instructions and the organism will exhibit specific traits!
Mutations★ Occurs during the replication of
cells.
★ When the instructions given by the DNA, don’t properly get translated by mRNA.
★ Results in a gene that is “mutated”
★ Can be seen in all living things
Mutation Documentary
● We will be watching a mutation documentary
● You will have to complete the worksheet while you watch (only 7 questions!!)
HW: C5:1 Homework Notes + JogNogs due next Tuesday!
Natural Selection
Evolution
Mutation
DO NOW:
Today
1
✘ GO OVER THE DO NOW✘ YOUR ANSWERS✘ ACTUAL DEFINITIONS
2
✘ INTRO TO LAB✘ ADDRESS LAB RULES✘ EXPLAIN WHAT IS GOING
TO BE EXPECTED OF YOU
3
HOMEWORK: FINISH LAB QUESTIONS
9
10
C5.2 Breeding Bunnies Lab
In this activity, you will examine natural selection in a small population of wild rabbits. Evolution, on a genetic level, is a change in the number of times (frequency) a specific trait appears in a population over a period of time. Breeders of rabbits have long been familiar with a variety of genetic traits that affect the survivability of rabbits in the wild. One such trait is the trait for furless rabbits (naked bunnies). This trait was first discovered in England by W.E. Castle in 1933. The furless rabbit is rarely found in the wild because cold winters are a definite selective force against it. For this lab the fur trait is represented by the letter F or f. v F = the allele for the dominant trait of normal fur
v f = the allele for the recessive trait of no fur
REMEMBER…..
GENOTYPE >> LETTERS
TT Tt t t
Phenotype >> “Photo” What you SEE of the trait
In this lab….
FFor
Ffff
13
· You are a colony of bunnies looking to reproduce here in the beautiful town of Waltham! · You will then be split up into six different “homes” (Lab benches) where you spend most of your time. · Your colony is close and therefore you all roam freely from nest to nest looking for a mate. Step 1: You are the first generation of bunnies. Fill out the First column in the Data table Step 2: Come put your letters in a bag and go back to your nest Step 3: In your nests each of you will pick out of the bag two new alleles. Step 4: Take Data on Generation Two. Step 5: Come put your letter back in the bag and go back to your nest Step 6: Take Data on Generation Three
How this is going
to work…...
Welcome Back Folks!
The Week ahead!
Today: DO NOW!!!!!!!! Natural Selection + Evolution
Tomorrow: Beak Vs. Food Lab!!
Thursday: Expert reading group Activity!
Friday: Mutt Maker Lab!
Homework Tonight:
Go to Animal Planet website and complete Adaptation
Worksheet!!
Instructions: Based on the 10
Animal Adaptations shown in
the link below, choose three
animals and fill in the chart
above
*http://www.animalplanet.com/
wild-animals/flight/
Test Corrections and retakes are due THIS friday!!!!!!!!
New JogNogs are out: Evolution & Environment and
Evolution TERMS
16
Your turn!
On your own you are going to fill out the K-W-L chart answering the following prompt…..
What do you know about the theory of evolution? (What do you think it is? How did you hear about it?)
K
KNow
What you know (You should have filled this out already)
W
Want
What you want to know
Learned
This is not going to be filled out until the end of the period. When done you will hand in to me as your EXIT TICKET!
L
The Man Himself
Charles Darwin is known as the “Father” of Evolution
What did he do?
Natural Selection
EvolutionMutations
22
Natural Selection:
Natural Selection & Evolution
Evolution:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnktXHBvE8s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOfRN0KihOU
Natural Selection
organisms better adapted to their
environment will survive and produce
more offspring
Artificial Selection
Selecting parents with certain
desired traits in hopes that their
offspring will have those traits
Natural or Artificial?
In a habitat there are red bugs and green bugs. The birds prefer the
taste of the red bugs, so soon there are many green bugs and few red
bugs. The green bugs reproduce and make more green bugs and
eventually there are no more red bugs
Artificial Natural
Insects become resistant to pesticides very quickly, sometime in one
generation. If an insect is resistant to the chemical, most of the
offspring will also be resistant. Considering that insect generations
can be a matter of weeks, insects in an area can become immune to
a chemical within months.
Artificial Natural
dairy farmers will look for the cows that can produce the most milk
and only breed those cows. These cows then pass their genes that
contribute to higher milk production onto their offspring, increasing
productivity each generation for the farmers.
Artificial Natural
The peppered moth used to be a light color with black spots. When the
atmosphere in London became filled with soot because of the
Industrial Revolution, the white trees became darker and light
colored moths were eaten by birds more readily. Within months,
moths became darker and lighter moths were rare. After the
Industrial Revolution, light colored moths were found in greater
numbers.
Artificial Natural
Humans have been using agriculture and cross pollinating to
manipulate the genomes of different plant species, especially wheat,
whose chromosomal number increased as agriculture progressed. This
kind of manipulation is responsible for foods like seedless
watermelons and other seedless fruit. (for example: a banana is
triploid, having 2 sets of chromosomes from one parent and 1 set of
chromosomes from the other parent, these triploids don't really
produce egg/sperm with balanced chromosomes so a seed set is rare
thus leading to a banana with no seeds).
Artificial Natural
Adaptation
Change by which an organism or
species becomes better suited to
its environment
Population
All inhabitants of a specific
area/land
Population Comparison
2016 2010 2005
Humans in Waltham 63,002 60,876 60,180
Humans in Medway 13,308 12,786 12,814
Humans in Accra, Ghana 2.27 Mill 1.594 Mill 1.9 Mill
37
Evolution
populations and species of
organisms change over time.
Generation Time
average time between two
consecutive generations in the
lineages of a population
Ecosystem
a biological community of
interacting organisms and their
physical environment
Happy Wednesday!!
Here’s the game plan people….
➔ Quick Recap
➔ Check HW packet ( I will be collecting this one)
➔ Geologic Speed Dating
HW: 6.3 Notes (Posted online + Hard copies up front)
Let’s Recap….You have done 6.2 & 6.3 NotesYou’ve done a packet on “Proof of Evolution”You’ve seen a movie on how humans have evolved and adapted as a speciesYou know that only the traits that keep an organism alive get passed onYou’ve learned about natural selection You’ve learned about Artificial SelectionAnd we know that we all trace back to the same ancestorsBut who came before them? How did they come from primates?
The geologic time scale (GTS) is a system of
chronological dating that relates
geological strata (stratigraphy) to time. It
is used biologists, paleontologists, and
other Earth scientists to describe the
timing and relationships of events that
have occurred during Earth's history.
We use this thing…...
. ..… What?
It is a “timeline” that scientists have developed through data to help us understand how old our earth is and how long “life” has been around
Proof of Evolution
Eons
Eons are the largest intervals of geologic time and
are hundreds of millions of years in duration. In the
time scale above you can see the Phanerozoic Eon is
the most recent eon and began more than 500 million
years ago.
49
Eras
Eons are divided into smaller time intervals known as
eras. In the time scale above you can see that the
Phanerozoic is divided into three eras: Cenozoic,
Mesozoic and Paleozoic. Very significant events in
Earth's history are used to determine the boundaries
of the eras.
50
Periods
Eras are subdivided into periods. The events that bound
the periods are widespread in their extent but are not
as significant as those which bound the eras. In the
time scale above you can see that the Paleozoic is
subdivided into the Permian, Pennsylvanian,
Mississippian, Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician and
Cambrian periods
51
Epochs
Finer subdivisions of time are possible, and the periods
of the Cenozoic are frequently subdivided into epochs.
Subdivision of periods into epochs can be done only for
the most recent portion of the geologic time scale.
This is because older rocks have been buried deeply,
intensely deformed and severely modified by
long-term earth processes. As a result, the history
contained within these rocks cannot be as clearly
interpreted.
Millions and billions
✘ Lots of years✘ Lots of evidence✘ But what does this look like?
Imagine a football field….https://www.npr.org/2016/11/22/502920622/watch-earths-history-play-out-on-a-football-field
Geologic Speed Dating…..
1. We will count off A, B C or D around the room2. You will get a reading that corresponds to your Era.3. You will get 15 minutes to read up and become an “expert” on your era.4. When the timer sounds you should be done and ready to mingle!5. I will announce and post the “dating schedule” Find your sessions6. I will ring the bell and call out the session. 7. You will come over to the lab area and sit across from one another
(already set up)8. You will have 5 minutes to explain to the other person your era. You will
record their data on your sheet9. You will begin on my bell
10. When the timer sounds you will say your goodbye’s and return to your seat
Speed Dating Schedule
You all will attend 3 dating sessions
“Successful Singles” (A’s) “Date Dash” (D’s)“Mix N Mingle” (B’s) “Catch a Match” (C’s)
Session 1: A’s and B’s Session 4: B’s and C’s
Session 2: C’s and D’s Session 5: A’s and C’s
Session 3: B’s and D’s Session 6: A’s and D’s
Before you leave
Exit Ticket
HW: 6.3 Homework Notes
Thursday 10/18
1. DO NOW2. Check HW3. Whales with Legs? Video4. Slides on info5. Announcements for next week/ Hand out study guide6. Bingo- winner gets 3 points added on to their upcoming
test gradeHW: CER (Claim Evidence Reasoning)Start to Look at study guide
Whales are Mammals?
DO NOW: Head down vote. Who thinks a Whale is a FIsh? WHo thinks a whale is a mammal? Video =
CER (Claim Evidence Reasoning)Claim:
Characteristic Animal Behaviors and specialized
plant structures that increase the probability of
successful reproduction of animals or plants
Sexual Selection
Physical
➔ Bright flower colors➔ Odors➔ Nectar taste➔ Hard shells➔ Visual appearance➔ Strength➔ Elaborate “displays”
Behavioral
Fight skills Nest building SkillsTransferring pollen or seedsCreating conditions for seed germination or growthHerding skillsMonogamous relationships need courtship Dancing skillsSinging skills
Organism Interactions
Competitive - Organisms compete for the same resource. Can occur within or between speciesCommensalism- only one species gains while the other is neither helped nor harmedPredatory- organisms preying naturally on othersParasitic- One organism gains while the other suffersMutualism- both partners benefit
Which is which?
Shout out what you think it is
Plantae
❖ Provide oxygen, shelter, clothing, food and medicine ❖ Diverse group❖ Contains vascular and non -vascular plants ❖ Contains seed bearing and non-seed-bearing plants❖ Contains flowering and non-flowering plants❖ Plants are primary producers for all other living organisms!❖ Just need water, nutrient rich soil, and sunlight❖ Examples: all plants, ferns, flowers etc.
Animalia
❖ Multicellular eukaryotes❖ Depend on plants and or other organisms for their nutrition❖ Most live in aquatic environments and range in size❖ Reproduce sexually❖ Examples: Mammals, amphibians, sponges, insects, worms
Fungi
❖ Contains unicellular and multicellular organisms
❖ Not capable of photosynthesis❖ Important because the recycle nutrients back into
the environment ❖ Reproduce through both sexual or asexual
reproduction❖ Absorb their nutrients ❖ Examples: mushrooms, yeast and molds
Protista
❖ Very diverse kingdom❖ Some organisms look like fungi❖ Some organisms look like animals❖ These are Eukaryotic organisms that have a nucleus that is enclosed inside a
membrane❖ Some have organelles like mitochondria❖ A lot are parasitic pathogens that cause disease within animals or humans❖ Some participate in commensalism or mutualism ❖ Can take in nutrients via absorption or photosynthesis❖ Examples: Amoebae, green algae, brown algae, diatoms, euglena, slime molds.
Eubacteria
❖ True Bacteria❖ Live in almost every type of environment❖ Often associated with disease but that is not always the case there is
lots of good bacteria too❖ Reproduce asexually through binary fission❖ Takes in nutrients through absorption, or photosynthesis ❖ Examples Cynobacteria (blue/green algae) Actino bacteria
Archaebacteria
❖ ANCIENT Bacteria❖ Single-Celled Prokaryotes❖ Reproduce asexually❖ Nutrition is through absorption NOT photosynthesis❖ Has a cell wall that protects it from very inhospitable places❖ Examples: Bacteria such as---Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermophiles,
Psychrophiles
It’s Bingo Time Baby!!!
❖ I will read out definition❖ If you have the term you will place a bean on that box❖ When you get 4 in a row you win! You can (appropriately yell BINGO!)
the game will end and if there is time we will play multiple rounds!❖ +3 points for every person that wins
Homework
1. CER on Whales ---> https://ocean.si.edu/through-time/ancient-seas/evolution-whales-animation
2. Do not lose study guide for next Tuesday’s test3. JogNogs due NEXT Tuesday 10/23