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Web Science CSCI 470: Web Science • Keith Vertanen h#p://dl.acm.org/cita2on.cfm?id=1364782.1364798

WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

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Page 1: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

Web  Science  

CSCI  470:  Web  Science    •    Keith  Vertanen  

h#p://dl.acm.org/cita2on.cfm?id=1364782.1364798  

Page 2: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

Overview  •  The  web  – History  – Stats  

•  "Web  science"  – History  of  the  term  

•  What  we're  going  to  do  – Course  details  – Topics  

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Page 3: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

A  short  history  of  the  web  •  1989  Tim  Berners-­‐Lee  at  CERN  •  1990  HTTP/0.9,  HTML,  URLs,  first  

text-­‐based  browser  •  1993  Marc  Andreesen  releases  

NCSA  Mosaic,  graphical  browser  •  1993  CERN  agrees  to  release  

protocol  royalty-­‐free  •  1994  Andreesen  forms  Netscape    •  1994  W3C  formed,  standardizing  

protocols,  encouraging  interoperability  

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Page 4: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

How  does  the  web  work?  

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Page 5: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

What  is  the  web?  •  "The  largest  human  informa2on  construct  in  history.  The  web  is  transforming  society."  – Web  Science  Trust  

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1989   2005  

Page 6: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

How  big  is  the  web?  •  "We've  known  it  for  a  long  2me:  the  web  is  big."  – Google,  h#p://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/07/we-­‐knew-­‐web-­‐was-­‐big.html  

     

•  Human  popula2on,  ~7  billion,  143  pages/person  •  1  billion  Google  searches/day  

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Year   Unique  URLs  

1998   26  million  

2000   1  billion  

2004   8  billion  

2008   1  trillion  

Page 7: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

h#p://funquisha.deviantart.com/art/ORIGAMI-­‐ZEBRA-­‐for-­‐real-­‐205044992  

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Page 8: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

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Page 9: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

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Page 10: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

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Page 11: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

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h#p://www.renesys.com/blog/2011/01/egypt-­‐leaves-­‐the-­‐internet.shtml  

"What  happens  when  you  disconnect  a  modern  economy  and  80,000,000  people  from  the  Internet?"  

Page 12: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

Demonstrators  in  Cairo's  Tahrir  Square,  February  8,  2011  

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Page 13: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

What  is  "web  science"?  

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•  Science  2006  – MIT,  University  of  Southhampton  

Page 14: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

What  is  "web  science"?  

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•  "Web  science…is  inherently  interdisciplinary  and  integrates  computer  and  informa2on  sciences  with  a  mul2tude  of  disciplines  including  sociology,  economics,  poli2cal  science,  law,  management,  language  and  communica2on,  geography  and  psychology."    

Page 15: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

This  course  •  Focus  on  technical  side  – Learn  interes2ng  technologies  – Build  stuff  

•  Objec2ves  (from  the  course  catalog):  – Understand  the  resources,  data  formats,  and  protocols  used  in  the  Internet  

– Build  robust  and  load  balanced  client  server  sokware    

– Understand  and  use  public/private  key  cryptography  

– Understand  state  management  on  the  Internet  

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Page 16: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

Course  ethos  •  There  is  no  “one”  architecture  – Only  choices  

•  Lots  of  choices  – Choices  impact:  

•  Cost,  2me  to  market,  extensibility,  maintainability,  reliability,  scalability,  …  

– Our  goal:    •  Become  broadly  knowledgeable  in  architec2ng  web-­‐based  sokware  solu2ons  

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Page 17: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

Tenta2ve  topics  •  Technologies  –  LAMP:  Linux  Apache  MySQL  PHP  –  Client-­‐side  scrip2ng,  e.g.  JavaScript  –  Server-­‐side  scrip2ng,  e.g.  PHP  –  HTML5  – Mobile  app  development  

•  Cloud  compu2ng  –  Running  your  own  virtual  server  –  Security!  

•  State  management  –  Storing  state  at  the  client  or  server  –  Cookies,  session  variables,  query  string,  databases  

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Page 18: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

Tenta2ve  topics  •  Dynamic  content  genera2on  –  CGI,  server-­‐side  scrip2ng,  web  server  modules,  servlets  

•  Web  services  –  SOAP,  REST  –  JSON  –  Ajax  

•  Crowdsourcing  –  Amazon  Mechanical  Turk  

•  Availability    –  Providing  fault  tolerance,  e.g.  99.999%  

•  Scalability  –  Scaling  to  million  or  billions  of  hits  

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Page 19: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

Tenta2ve  topics  •  Performance  –  How  to  measure,  e.g.  with  tools  like  Apache  Benchmark  –  How  to  improve,  e.g.  using  tools  like  memcahed  

•  Data  formats  –  Audio,  images,  video  

•  Compression  – Makes  Nerlix/YouTube  work  on  today's  network  

•  Encryp2on  –  Symmetric  encryp2on,  e.g.  DES,  3DES,  AES  –  Public/private  encryp2on,  e.g.  SSL  –  Authen2ca2on  

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Page 20: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

Tenta2ve  topics  •  ???  

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Page 21: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

Project  details  •  Project:  – Due:  Wednesday  4/29  –  Individual  or  pairs  

•  If  paired  then  twice  as  impressive  

– 15%  of  your  grade  – No  late  days  

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Page 22: WebScience - katie.mtech.edu · A!shorthistory!of!the!web! • 1989!Tim!BernersPLee!atCERN! • 1990!HTTP/0.9,!HTML,!URLs,!first textbased!browser! • 1993 Marc!Andreesen!releases!

Presenta2on  details  •  Presenta2ons:  – Last  two  days  of  class  – ~15  minutes/person  +  ques2ons  – Audio/visual  aids  and  demos  as  appropriate  – 5%  of  your  grade  – No  late  days  

   

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