WebNMS Framework 5.0 :: Glossary and FAQ - Network Management

WebNMS Framework 5.0 :: Glossary and FAQ

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Table Of Contents

10.1 FAQ AND GLOSSARY..................................................................................... 2

10.1.1 AdventNet Web NMS FAQ ....................................................................................... 3

10.1.2 AdventNet Web NMS Glossary ................................................................................ 6


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10.1 FAQ and Glossary

FAQs The list of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) serve as a guide to understand the AdventNet Web NMS.

Glossary This Glossary List contains definitions for terms and acronyms that are used in Network Management Systems, especially Web NMS.

The Internet Management Infrastructure Company

Copyright © 2008 AdventNet, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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10.1.1 AdventNet Web NMS FAQ 1. What is AdventNet Web NMS ? 2. What markets (or customers) does Web NMS serve? 3. What are the System Requirements for running Web NMS server? 4. What is the process of licensing a copy of AdventNet Web NMS ? 5. Which Java Version is suitable for using Web NMS? 6. Does Web NMS support Internationalization? 7. What are the core Management services offered by Web NMS? 8. What development platforms are supported by Web NMS? 9. What is the communication mechanism between the Web NMS client and server? 10. Does Web NMS provide a secured communication over Internet and other TCP/IP networks? 11. What are the different types of clients that Web NMS provides ? 12. What are the different Southbound Management Protocols supported by Web NMS ? 13. Where are the error and output logs of AdventNet Web NMS stored?

What is AdventNet Web NMS ? AdventNet Web NMS is a modular three-tier, protocol neutral framework written in Java, that serves as a foundation for building full-fledged, feature filled web-based network and element management systems. It consists of a Server component and a Client component. The Java based server runs as an application and connects to SNMP and other data sources of the back-end, hooks on to any JDBC compliant database for data storage, and connects these resources to web-based clients. The clients are Java applets running in web browsers as well as in HTML pages. The Web NMS performs auto-discovery of network resources, trap reception and event logging, alerts, event correlation, SNMP MIB loading and browsing, data collection and reports. It comes integrated with a web-server for connecting to browser based clients. The Web NMS provides APIs for accessing the network database, events and alerts, maps, and reports. These APIs enable developers to build network management solutions.

What markets (or customers) does Web NMS serve ? Web NMS is used to build network and element management solutions. It provides foundation on which

• Network Equipment Vendors can build element and network management systems.

• Telecom Carriers can build custom network management solutions.

• ISVs, Integrators, and Enterprises can build application and network management solutions.

• Service Providers can build Operation Support Systems (OSS).

What are the System Requirements for running Web NMS server? We recommend at least a 2 GHz Pentium D with 1 GB RAM and a minimum disk free space of 200MB after installation.


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What is the process of licensing a copy of AdventNet Web NMS ? There are two types of licenses for AdventNet Web NMS

• Trial User License

• Permanent License AdventNet provides an Evaluation period for 45 days on the trial copy that can be extended if required. The evaluation copy is a fully functional version of the product. AdventNet will provide a Registered License after you purchase the product.

Which Java Version is suitable for using Web NMS? The JDK 1.6.0 and 1.5.0 and JRE 1.6.0 and 1.5.0. JRE 1.6.0 is bundled with Web NMS.

Does Web NMS support Internationalization? Web NMS supports server-side and client-side internationalization in Java and Web UI.

What are the core Management services offered by Web NMS?

• Logging service

• Scheduling service

• Persistence service

• Transaction service

• Management services for o Discovery o Maps o Fault Management o Configuration Management o Performance Management o Provisioning

• Security service

• Fail over service

• Policy Service

• Backup Service

What development platforms are supported by Web NMS? AdventNet Web NMS 5 includes Web NMS Plugin for Eclipse - a powerful IDE for developing applications on Web NMS, with a suite of tools for complete lifecycle support from design to deployment. You can also integrate Borland JBuilder and IBM Visual Age for Java for developing applications on Web NMS.


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What is the communication mechanism between the Web NMS client and server? By default, Web NMS provides a common communication connection which uses either TCP or RMI for communication between the Web NMS Client and FE Server. Facility is available to plug-in custom protocol into the Communication Framework.

Does Web NMS provide a secured communication over Internet and other TCP/IP networks? Yes. Web NMS provides complete secured communication (SSL) between the Client and the Server.

What are the different types of clients that Web NMS provides ? Web NMS provides three types of clients:

• Application client - started from console

• Browser client - started from browser. This in turn can be a o Java UI (Applet client) o HTML UI (Web client)

• Java Web Start client

What are the different Southbound Management Protocols supported by Web NMS ? The Different Southbound Management Protocols supported by Web NMS are:

• SNMP

• TL1

• CLI/Telnet

• TFTP

• CORBA

• XML

• Proprietory Protocols

Where are the error and output logs of AdventNet Web NMS stored? By default, the error and output logs of AdventNet Web NMS are stored in stderr.txt, stdout.txt, nmsout.txt, nmserr.txt files in <Web NMS Home>/logs directory.


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10.1.2 AdventNet Web NMS Glossary

Glossary List The following list contains definitions for the terms and acronyms that are used in Network Management Systems, especially Web NMS. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

Access Control Active Network Active Network Maps Agent Simulator Alert API Alert Count Panel Alert Filter Alert Viewer

Anchored Annotation Applet AppleTalk Protocol Application Client Application Server AJP13 API

ARP ASN.1 ATM Audit Authentication Authentication trap Authorization Autodiscovery Autoplacement

B

Batch file BE Port

BE Server Bridge

Broadcast message Browser (Java)Client Bulk Delete

C

Cache Cascade Delete Chassis Class A Networks Class B Networks Class C Networks CLI

Client Client Process Community Connection Pooling Connectionless Protocols Connection-oriented Protocols Containment

Container Interface Cookie CORBA Customview Configuration Configuration Profiles

D

Daemon Data Type Definition Database Data decoder

Device Management Applets DHCP Discovery Engine Distributed Architecture

Distributed Poller DNS/DNS Name Domain DTD

E

ECHO EJB Ethernet EMS Error

Event Event API Event Browser Event Filter

EJB Application Server Event Parser Event Server


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F failureThreshold Failover Fault FDDI Filter

Firewall Fragmentation Front_end Server FSM

FTP Function

G

Gateway GIF

Gigabytes Group GUI

H

History Host

HTML Client HTTP

HTTPD Hub

ICMP IDE IDP Instantiate

Interface Internationalization Internet IP

IP address Ipnet IPNet-to-Media Table

J

J2EE Jar Javascript

JDBC JFC JMX

JSP JVM

K

L

LAN Layout LDAP Link

Logging

M

Managed Object MapContainer Map Server MapLinkRenderer MapSymbol Renderer

MAU Mergehistory Menu MIB MIB Browser

MIB Manager MO MO Wizard MSM Multicast Message Multitier Architecture

N NAR Native Netmasking

Network Network Address Network Management System

NIC NOC Node


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O OA & M Object OEM

OID Openframe Opennw

Openpanel OSI OSM

P

Packets Parentnet PDU Persistent Data Storage PEX PING Pre-provisioning Protocol Provisioning

Proxy Server PolicyAction PolicyCondition PolicyObserver Poll Filter Poll Observer Poll Unit Observer PollAPI PolledData Object

Polling Polling Object PPP Pop up Menu Port Propagation Filter PSM

Q

Query

R RARP RDBMS Mode Reinitialize Re-Layout

Repeater RIP RFC Remotecmd

RMI Rollback Router Routing Table

S

Scalability Schema Scheduling Security Servlets Severity

SLIP SMTP SNMP SNMP Applet Server SNMP Data Collection EngineSocket

Source SPP SSL StartAppln Status Polling Switch Symbol

T

Task TAS TCP/IP TELNET TFTP TFTP Server Threshold

TL1 Tokenization TopoAPI Topology Tomcat TransportProvider

Trap Transaction Trap Filter Trap Parsers Trend Analysis Threshold Event Threshold Object

U

UDP URL

V

W


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WAN Web NMS JMX Agent Web Server

X XML

Y

Z A Access Control Access Control is any type of restriction that doesn't require the identity of the remote user. It refers to mechanisms and policies that restrict access to computer resources. An access control list (ACL), for example, specifies what operations different users can perform on specific files and directories. Active Network An active network is a network in which the nodes are programmed to perform custom operations on the messages that pass through the node. A node could be programmed or customized to handle packet on an individual user basis or to handle multicast packets differently than other packets. Active Network Maps These are maps whose status are dynamically updated during run time. Agent Simulator Agent Simulator is a platform independent JAVA based tool, which is used to start an Agent that supports the MIBs you want to test. Using Agent Simulator you can simulate one agent at a time. The Agent Simulator takes the MIBs file name as input and simulates instance variables for the MIBs. These instance variables are saved into a file and the agent responds from this file. The instance variable creation is done based on the information given by the user . The user can configure values for instance variables. They can either record from an existing agent or can simulate default instance. The type of simulation for a variable can also be specified. The simulation types supported are Constant, Random, Linear, Wave & Sine Wave. The simulated agent can also generate a TRAP.

Alert API It is an Application Program Interface that provides you with the leverage to handle the alert mechanism dynamically. You can programmatically achieve various functionalities like accessing Alert Objects, Configuring Alert filters, listening as Alert Observers etc.

Alert Count Panel Alert Count Panel is an AdventNet Web NMS Panel, provided in the main java frame just below the "Tree Panel". This shows the alert counts for each severity, in each category and the total for each severity.

Alert Filter Alert Filters are used to perform automatic actions (viz., paging or sending email etc.,)whenever an alert is received.. Users can write filters for processing specific alerts.


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Alert Viewer The Alert Viewer provides the interface to access the true fault management features, including event correlation, problem tracking and work assignment. Anchored Anchored property in map, makes the map non-editable and doesn't allow any operations. For example, manipulating the map symbols like dragging, copying, pasting, grouping, changing the layour, adding/deleting etc. Anchored property of map symbol allows the symbol to have its own position and size irrespective of the layout chosen. Annotation Annotation refers to any user-added comments to an Alert object present in the Web NMS system. This is very useful in the context of information sharing while managing the Alert.

Applet A program designed to be executed from a browser or an applet viewer. Unlike an application, applets cannot be executed directly from the operating system .A well-designed applet can be invoked from many different applications. Web browsers, which are often equipped with Java virtual machines, can interpret applets from Web servers. Because applets are small in file size, cross-platform compatible, and highly secure (can't be used to access users' hard drives), they are ideal for small Internet applications accessible from a browser. AppleTalk Protocol AppleTalk is a network communications protocol which allows computers to talk to each other using Ethernet. AppleTalk supports Apple's LocalTalk cabling scheme, as well as Ethernet and IBM Token Ring. It can connect Macintosh computers and printers, and even PCs if they are equipped with special AppleTalk hardware and software. This protocol allows multiple users to share resources, such as files and printers. The devices that supply these resources are called servers, while the devices that make use of these resources are referred to as clients. Apple Talk is one of the early implementation of a distributed client-server networking system. Application Client Its an application on the client side of client-server architecture. With respect to AdventNet Web NMS, Application Client starts a Java application from the local machine and contacts the Web NMS server for data. The classes needed for invoking Java application are loaded locally and all data including images, conf files etc. are fetched from the remote server. Application Server Application Servers are commonly used as a base platform in building multitier, web-based applications and can be integrated into AdventNet Web NMS. It provides additional functionality related to enterprise computing like processing of Transactions, load balancing, functionality pertaining to access of database etc. AJP13 A protocol used for communication between Apache and Tomcat.


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API API is a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications. A good API makes it easier to develop a program by providing all the building blocks. A programmer puts the blocks together.Most operating environments, such as MS-Windows, provide APIs so that programmers can write applications consistent with the operating environment. Although APIs are designed for programmers, they are ultimately good for users because they guarantee that all programs using a common API will have similar interfaces. This makes it easier for users to learn new programs. ARP The Address Resolution Protocol is a TCP/IP protocol used to get the physical address (called a DLC address) given the IP address. A host wishing to obtain a physical address, broadcasts an ARP request to the TCP/IP network. The device on the network that has the IP address then replies with its physical address. The Reverse ARP gives the IP address when the physical address is broadcast. ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation is the language of the compiler that adds MIB's to the Management station's database. SNMP translates messages into ASN-1. The Basic Encoding Rules (BER) converts a computer specific message into network generic tags. The resulting network generic tags consists of a class, format and type of data, a data length field, and a data. ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode is the name given to a high- speed, connection-oriented networking technology that has been used in both local area and wide area networks. Audit Audit is a process that helps the administrators to monitor the tasks that have been configured, the devices over which the task was executed, the attributes that have changed in the device due to this configuration, the time at which the task was executed, etc. Autodiscovery The process of sending ICMP / SNMP packets to different entities on a network, listen for a response and get the attributes associated with the discovered object like IP address, object type, device status etc. Authentication The process of verifying the user's identity is called authentication. Authentication Trap The trap that can be set in MIB-II's SNMP Group to notify the Web NMS when there is a community Name failure. Authorization The process of determining whether a principal (authenticated user) is allowed to perform an operation is called Authorization. Autoplacement This property of map, if set to true, offers control to the layout in handling the positions of MapSymbols in the map. This property when set to false, results in the layout getting disabled.


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B Batch file A batch file is a text file that contains a sequence of commands for a computer operating system. BE Port It is the port in which the back end server listens and communicates with the FE server. By default, the backend server listens at port 2000, in Web NMS.

BE Server The Web NMS back end server (BE Server) performs core, server-side network management tasks like discovery, topology & FCAPS functions. All the network management information are available in the persistent storage - database and can be accessed using the Web NMS information model (Managed Objects). The back end server is responsible for maintaining and updating the information model in the persistent storage based on network events, status polling, operator inputs etc. The back end server supports a policy engine to enable policy based management and an authorization module to authorize management operations. Also, when a client request involves a write operation, the request goes via the BE server.

Bridge A bridge is a network entity that connects workgroups (say two LANs or two different segments of the same LAN) that may use similar / dissimilar protocol and are protocol independent. They keep track of the source hardware addresses that enables them to take a decision whether a packet should be passed across to the other side or stay on the same side as its source. Bridges are faster ( they simply forward packets without analyzing) but less versatile.

Broadcast Message A Broadcast Message is one that is transmitted by a host to every other host on the network.

Browser (Java)Client Browser Client runs in a web browser. All the data, classes etc., are loaded from the remote server. This is basically started as a plug-in from the browser, which starts the applet.

Bulk Delete Bulk Delete is the process of deleting a hierarchy of objects, managed object (parent) and all its children objects in a more efficient way. C Cache A cache (pronounced CASH) is a place to store something temporarily.

Cascade Delete Cascade deletion is a facility, which, when operated on a container parent object will delete the object and all its sub elements from the cache memory and the database.

Chassis


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A chassis is a frame work on which complex electronic components of a management protocol based Network device are installed.

Class A Networks Class A addresses, which are used for handful of networks have more thatn 216 (65536) hosts, devote 7 bits to netid and 24 bits for hostid.

Class B Networks Class B addresses, which are used for intermediate size networks that have between 28 (256) and 216 hosts, allocate 14 bits to the netid and 16 bits to the hostid.

Class C Networks Class C networks are those which have less than 28 hosts, allocate 21 bits for netid and only 8 bits for the hostid.

CLI Command Line Interface to manage the network devices like switches, routers etc.

Client A client is an application ( that runs on a monitor) that uses graphics, colors etc. imparting an aesthetic and ergonomic appeal to the viewer / user.

Client Process The client is a process (program) that sends a message to a server process (program), requesting the server to perform a task (service). Client programs usually manage the user-interface portion of the application, validate data entered by the user, dispatch requests to server programs, and sometimes execute business logic. The client-based process is the front- end of the application that the user sees and interacts with.

Community A character string that is present in a request to an agent from an application. The agent uses this string to verify whether the application has read or write access to the MIB.

Connection Pooling Connection Pooling is the ability to manage the database connections from a central pool rather than leaving the connection management to the modules or applications using them.

Configuration User defined changing of default parameters.

Configuration Profiles Configuration Profile, created using DTD, is a set of tasks / actions that can be performed on any device / multiple devices providing effective Configuration Management. These profiles can be used repetitively on any device / many devices.

Connectionless Protocols Connectionless Protocols refer to network protocols in which a host can send a message without establishing a connection with the recipient. That is, the host simply puts the message onto the


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network with the destination address and hopes that it arrives. Examples of connectionless protocols include Ethernet, IPX, and UDP.

Connection-oriented Protocols Connection-oriented Protocols require a channel to be established between the sender and receiver before any messages are transmitted. Examples of connection-oriented protocols include the telephone, TCP, and HTTP.

Containment A multilevel, logical, manageable grouping of objects. Objects of similar properties or attributes can be contained in another Object (parentObject). Objects are contained within one and only one containing object. Objects may themselves be contained in another Container. The containment relationship is capable of reflecting a real-world (or physical) hierarchy of relationships between resources.

Container Interface This is the interface for grouping together and managing a set of managed objects, using the containment relationship model.

Cookie Cookie is a message given to a Web browser by a Web Server. The browser stores the message in a text file called cookie.txt. The message is then sent back to the server each time the browser requests a page from the server. The main purpose of cookies is to identify users and possibly prepare customized Web pages for them.

CORBA The Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) provides a platform independent, language independent architecture for writing distributed object oriented applications.

Custom View Custom Views are user defined views that enable sorting huge amounts of data and provide the required data according to the criteria specified in the custom view forms. Custom views can be created for any module.

D Daemon A UNIX process that lies in the background until it is called to perform its designated task.

Database It is a location where data is stored and retrieved.

Data decoder Collected data is stored in object of CollectedInfo class. Before this is stored in database, you can perform any operation you like on this object. This will be useful when the collected data is a complex string which you may want to parse into it's components. The process of converting the collected data into some other format is called Data decoding. This is achieved by writing a program implementing Data Decoder interface. CollectedInfo object is passed to the decode () method of this interface which handles the decoding operation.


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Data Type Definition A DTD is a file (or several files that is used together), written in XML, that contains a formal definition of a particular type of document. It sets out what names can be used for element types, where they may occur, and how they all fit together.

Device Management Applets These are user defined java applets (that can be built using AdventNet Management Builder also) for managing specific devices which can be seen in Web NMS client through map menus or database menus. Device Management Applets are independent of Web NMS client applets and do not share any common object either.

DHCP It stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, that assigns temporary IP addresses dynamically to devices on a network. Internet Service Providers and system administrators use this protocol to assign temporary IP addresses to Dial Up users.

Discovery Engine The discovery engine on the Web NMS server uses SNMP and ICMP to discover the nodes and interfaces on the network, and adds them to the database.

Distributed Architecture In Distributed Server Architecture, the middle tier ( server, other than RDBMS) is distributed to run on multiple JVMs, in different systems in the network. There can be multiple front-end servers to scale to a large number of clients. Based on scalability requirements, the back end server can be run in a single JVM or in different JVMs.

Distributed Poller Polling Engine running in Web NMS Server is responsible for data collection. If there is a voluminous set of PolledData for which data is to be collected and also if the periodicity of collection is more then the Server might be overloaded with data collection operations which might result in poor data collection and slow performance . To share it's load , another Polling engine can be set up which will take care of data collection for a set of PolledData. Such a separate Polling engine is called as Distributed Poller. Distributed Pollers can be set up in different machines in a large network where data have to be collected from devices located in dispersed geographical locations.

DNS/DNS Name DNS stands for Domain Name System (or Service), which is a naming convention used in the Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. Domain names are people friendly, and hence they're easier to remember. For example, the domain name www.example.com might translate to 198.105.232.110.

Domain A part of the DNS (Domain Name System) naming hierarchy. Syntactically, a domain name consists of a sequence of names (labels) separated by periods (dots). In internet, domains are defined by IP address. All devices that share a common part of the IP address are said to be in the same domain.

DTD Document Type Definition, to define the legal building blocks of an XML document.


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E ECHO A simple protocol that causes a host to echo the packet that it receives.

EJB EJB is a server-side component architecture for the J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition) platform. Unlike other distributed technologies EJB simplifies the 'middle-tier' architecture by developing 'middleware' components that is scalable as well as portable, and in turn allowing the developers to fully concentrate on the business logic. The 'middleware' components that are otherwise called 'EJB beans' or 'Enterprise beans' can be deployed into any Application Server which is J2EE-compliant.

EJB Application Server EJB Application Servers provide an EJB container. This is the environment that beans execute in, and this container manages transactions, thread pools etc. These application servers are usually stand-alone products and developers would tie their servlets/JSP pages to the EJB components via remote object access APIs. Depending on the application server, programmers may use CORBA or RMI to talk to their beans but the baseline standard is to use JNDI to locate and create EJB references as necessary.

Ethernet A local-area network (LAN) protocol developed by Xerox Corporation in cooperation with DEC and Intel in 1976. Ethernet uses a bus or star topology and supports data transfer rates of 10 Mbps. The Ethernet specification served as the basis for the IEEE 802.3 standard, which specifies the physical and lower software layers. Ethernet uses the CSMA/CD access method to handle simultaneous demands. It is one of the most widely implemented LAN standards. EMS Element Management System is a software basically used for monitoring the performance of a device in a network.

Error This protocol can be used by any process to report that it has discovered an error and therefore discard a packet. Event A situation that changes the state of a managed object. Events are detected through polling or through the traps received. Event API Using Event API methods, you can achieve a wide span of functionalities from accessing event object, to configuring Trap Filters, Trap Parsers, Event Parsers and Filters. These API methods can be accessed either through RMI or directly from the same JVM. Event Browser The event browser provides a means of looking at all events, or a filtered subset of events that are received by the system.


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Event Filter Event Filters can be used to configure standard automated actions that are to be executed on the occurrence of an event like sending an E-mail etc. You can also write your own Java code to filter events and perform user-defined actions. Event Parsers Event parsers are intended to provide detailed parsing of input events. Event Server The event server processes traps and other events, e.g., status polling events, and makes events and alerts available to users' web browser. Events in Web NMS are used to log information about addition, deletion, and update of ManagedObjects in the Web NMS system. F FailureThreshold FailureThreshold refers to the number of consecutive failures after which the threshold event should be generated. This can be used in cases where a single poll cannot be used to generate threshold events. Failover Failover refers to the process in which all the functions being performed by the primary server (i.e currently active-server) are automatically assumed by a redundant or standby server upon the failure or sudden termination of the primary server as a result of which uninterrupted access is ensured. Fault Fault denotes a failure in the network system. Fault identification is the process whereby the existence and nature of network faults are ascertained, characteristics of the fault identification problem are explored and existing approaches are surveyed. FDDI It stands for Fiber Distributed Data Interface, a set of ANSI protocols for sending digital data over fiber optic cable. FDDI networks are token-passing networks, and supports data rates of up to 100 Mbps. FDDI networks are typically used as backbones for wide area networks. Filter A class file that modifies the properties of discovered managed objects or the display criteria in maps on the client. Firewall A system designed to prevent unauthorized access to / from a private network. They can be implemented in the hardware or software or in a combination of both. Fragmentation It is the process of splitting a datagram into smaller packets enabling easy transfer over a network.


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Front-end Server The front-end server deals with the clients and performs all the "Client tasks". These include servicing the client requests, maintaining the state of the client in terms of the data being viewed and sending updates to the client. There can be any number of front ends depending on the number of clients which are expected to be serviced. FSM (Frame Specific Menu) Frame-specific menus are standard menu options which are common across all the AdventNet Web NMS panels. Frame-specific menus include File, Look & Feel, Window, Help, Tools, etc. which do not change their menu name or actions irrespective of the panel or object chosen. FTP FTP is a program used to transfer files from one system to another. It provides a rich set of features and options, such as user authentication, data conversion, directory listings, and the like. Function It is an AdventNet Web NMS Menu Action type for executing internal map editing functions. This enables moving, adding, deleting objects, etc. The type field is "function" and the value field is a "function name". G Gateway A gateway is a network point that acts as an entrance to another network. It controls the traffic within the network. This involves the use of router and switch. GIF Graphical Interchange Format (GIF) is a file name extension indicating a certain digital bit-mapped image format developed for use on the internet. It also includes data compression making it effective for scanned photos. Gigabyte 1 gigabyte = 1,073,741,824 bytes (1 billion bytes approx or 1000 MB). GUI Graphical User Interface is a means of accessing the computer where pictures are used to express programs and text. Although text appears as letters on the screen they are actually graphical representation of alphabets. Group A Group is a collection of objects based on user defined criteria. Grouping is supported in maps, discovery and topology and fault management. H History The term history refers to the log information that gets stored into the Alert object, whenever the Web NMS system creates/updates/deletes an Alert object.


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Host A computer that serves as a managed node for a profile distribution. HTML Client The Web NMS comes with an option to invoke a full HTML client without any java class which supports Maps, Events and Alerts, Network Database View, Mib manager etc. This feature is useful for users working from a client with slow speed link to the Web NMS server. HTTP Short for HyperText Transfer Protocol, the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web. HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands. HTTP is called a stateless protocol because each command is executed independently, without any knowledge of the commands that came before it. HTTPD Hypertext Transfer Protocol Daemon. This is a server program which manages the transfer of hypertext and multimedia documents over the internet. Hub A hub is a common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are commonly used to connect segments of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports and when a packet arrives at a particular port it is copied to other ports so that all the other segments can see all the packets (broadcast) It is a common place of convergence where data arrives from one or more directions and is forwarded out in one or more other directions. Unable to differentiate between an error packet and a data packet a hub amplifies all the packets. A switch can be used as a hub. I ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol is an integral part of the Internet Protocol (IP) that handles error and control messages. Specifically, routers and hosts use ICMP to send reports of problems about datagrams back to the original source that sent the datagram. It also includes an echo request/reply used to test whether a destination is reachable and responding. IDE IDE is the acronym for Integrated Development Environment. You can write your code, compile it and run it in the same environment. IDP Internet Datagram Protocol is the connectionless, unreliable datagram protocol that provides the packet delivery service for specific protocols. Instantiate It is the process of creating an instance of a class (i.e. creating an object). Interface The physical and logical arrangement supporting the attachment of any device to a connector or to another device.


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Internationalization You say a product supports Internationalisation when all the textual elements such as messages and GUI component labels can be seen as suitable to the locale of the user. Web NMS supports both server-side and client-side internationalization. This means that the server can be given one locale and the client a different locale. A particular combination of language and country is called a locale. Internet An Internet or Internetwork is the connection of two or more distinct networks so that computers on one network are able to communicate with computers on another network. IP Internet Protocol is a TCP/IP protocol that defines the IP datagrams - the unit of information passed across an internet and provides the basis for connectionless, best packet-delivery service. IP includes the ICMP control and error message protocol as an integral part. The entire protocol suite is often referred to as TCP/IP because TCP and IP are the two fundamental protocols. IP address Its an identifier for any device on a TCP / IP network. A 32- bit address, written as four numbers separated by periods, is assigned to each host that participates in a TCP/IP internet. It helps in routing messages based on the IP address of the destination. IP addresses are the abstraction of physical hardware addresses just as an internet is an abstraction of physical networks. To make routing efficient, each IP address is divided into a network portion and a host portion. Ipnet This is a map which contains the network map symbols and router map symbols. It shows the link between router and all networks it is attached to. IPNet-to-MediaTable It is a table used to store the ARP cache and contains the interface (as key to each entry), the Media-dependant Physical Address and the Network IP Address. This table is similar in content to the Address Translation Group Table(ATG). The ATG was deprecated when MIB-II was being updated. The IPNet-to-Media table also contains ipNetToMediaType. J J2EE The JavaTM 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) defines the standard for developing multitier enterprise applications. J2EE simplifies enterprise applications by basing them on standardized, modular components, by providing a complete set of services to those components, and by handling many details of application behavior automatically, without complex programming. Jar JAR (Java Archive) is a platform-independent file format that aggregates many files into one. Multiple Java applets and their requisite components (.class files, images and sound files) can be bundled in a JAR file and subsequently downloaded to a browser in a single HTTP transaction, greatly improving the download speed. The JAR format also supports compression, which reduces the file size, further improving the download time. In addition, the applet author can digitally sign individual entries in a JAR file to authenticate their origin. It is fully backward-compatible with existing applet code and is fully extensible.


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Javascript JavaScript is a programming language that is mostly used in web pages, usually to add features that make the web page more interactive. When JavaScript is included in an HTML file it relies upon the browser to interpret the JavaScript. JDBC JDBC technology is an API that lets you access virtually any tabular data source from the Java programming language. It provides cross - DBMS connectivity to a wide range of SQL databases, and now, with the new JDBC API, it also provides access to other tabular data sources, such as spreadsheets or flat files. JFC Java Foundation Class is an extension that adds graphical user interface class libraries to the Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT). JMX JMX stands for Java Management Extensions. JMX defines a set of specifications for managing Java Environments. JSP Java Server Pages - A server-side technology and an extension to the Java servlet technology that was developed by Sun as an alternative to Microsoft's ASPs (Active Server Pages) JSPs have dynamic scripting capability that works in tandem with HTML code, separating the page logic from the static elements - the actual design and display of the page. Embedded in the HTML page, the Java source code and its extensions help make the HTML more functional, being used in dynamic database queries, for example. JSPs are not restricted to any specific platform or server. JVM Java Virtual Machine (JVM) acts as an interpreter between the Java bytecode and a computer's operating system. JVM enables Java code to run on any number of different computer platforms. JVMs read and execute Java statements one at a time and hence are often slower than a just-in-time compiler. K L LAN A local area network, or LAN, connects computer systems that are close together - typically within a single building, but possibly up to a few kilometers apart. Layout It is a format in which the symbols are arranged in a map. It may be line format, ring format, star format, grid format, etc. LDAP The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) facilitates organizing information as a directory, where the information is read many times but rarely modified. LDAP is an ideal choice for having authentication and authorization information.


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Link A link is a diagrammatical representation of the connection between two symbols. Logging Web NMS logging is used to keep track of actions that are taking place in Web NMS Server. As soon as Web NMS server is started, any action taking place in Web NMS Server viz., initialization, port on which NMS was started, list of processes started, error messages, etc are logged in these log files. M Managed Object A Managed object holds information about a network entity . The network entity can be a network device like computer, printer, router or a component of the device like port, card, slot, interface etc. MapContainer MapContainer is an object which is capable of enclosing child MapSymbols. Each MapContainer could have its own layout set. The layout set for the MapContainer applies for its children. And the children could in turn be MapContainer themselves, each with its own layout. Map Server The AdventNet Web NMS allows for viewing and using active network maps from the web browser. The map server registers with the Network Topology module for notifications about addition, deletion or update of ManagedObjects. When the map server is notified, it creates or updates Map symbols and Map links. Each map symbol is supposed to represent a Managed Object in the Network Topology module. MapLink Renderer By using this, users can configure the way by which the link is drawn. MapSymbol Renderer By using this,users can configure the way by which the symbol is drawn. MAU It stands for Multistation Access Unit. This is a token-ring network device that physically connects network computers in a star topology while retaining the logical ring structure. One of the problems with the token-ring topoogy is that a sing non-operating node can break the ring. The MAU solves this problem because it has the ability to short out non-operating nodes and maintain the ring structure. A MAU is a special type of hub. Menu It is an AdventNet Web NMS Menu Action type. This can be used to open submenus. Arbitrary hierarchies of menus can be used in this way. Mergehistory This refers to the combined listing of both annotation and history associated with an Alert object sorted by the creation time of each individual entry (annotation and history).


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MIB It stands for Management Information Base. These are specifications containing definitions of management information so that network systems can be remotely monitored, configured and controlled. The MIBS are the language of network and applications management. MIB Browser It is a user interface that allows you to view the MIB structure and also set attributes to the MIB. MIB Manager MIB manager is used for viewing SNMP data on network devices. MO Wizard The MO Wizard is a tool that provides you the utility to model network entities and represent them as objects in Java. The Managed Object that is modeled using the MO Wizard helps you to define the basic attributes and actions that are needed for managing the entity. MO (Managed Objects) Managed objects (MO) are core java objects which are used to represent network elements to be managed. It could represent physical devices like routers or printers and any other element that constitute a network. MSM (Map Specific Menu) They are menu options which are configurable for any specific map through the map property form. Multicast Message A Multicast Message is one that is transmitted by a host to a specified group of hosts on the network. Multitier Architecture The multitier architecture denotes the division of server operations based on the functionality of the server. It also denotes the functionalities of the client and the database. N NAR Acronym for Nms ARchive file. A NAR file contains all the resources needed for the application (.class files, image files, and I18N resource files). Native In computer systems, native means "original" or "basic." Netmasking Netmasking is a method used for obtaining network address from the IP address of the node. Network Network is an interconnection of two or more computers, so that they share resources. In information technology, a network is a series of points or node interconnected by communication paths. Networks can interconnect with other networks and can contain sub networks.


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Network Management System It is an application present inside a computer system used to manage network devices. Network Address The network portion of an IP address. For a class A network, the network address is the first byte of the IP address. For a class B network the network address is the first two bytes of the IP address. For a class C network, the network address is the first three bytes of the IP address. In each case, the remainder is the host address. In the Internet, assigned network addresses are globally unique. NIC It stands for Network Information Center. A predecessor of the INTERNIC. It also stands for Network Interface Card. NOC This stands for Network Operation Center. This is originally an organization at BBN that monitored and controlled several networks that formed part of the global internet. Now, used for any organization that manages a network. Node A node is a connection point, either a redistribution point or an end point for data transmissions. A node has capability to recognize and process or forward transmissions to other node. O OA&M It stands for Operation Administration and Maintenance. It is useful for the system administrators to have a watch on the network operations. Object Objects are network elements that are discovered by Web NMS. OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) An OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) is a company that uses product components from one or more other companies to build (customize) a product that it sells under its own company name and brand. They are also called Value Added Resellers (VAR). OID An Object Identifier is the location of a managed object within the MIB namespace, and is analogous to the address of a variable in memory, or the pathname in a file system. They are a series of numbers that uniquely identifies an object to an SNMP agent. Openframe It is an AdventNet Web NMS Menu Action type. This could be used to open a custom frame. The custom frame class should implement the interface NmsFrame and is used to bring up dialogs. Opennw It is an AdventNet Web NMS Menu Action type. This action type will open a new browser window for the specified URL. The URL could point either to a servlet or just an html page or another Map or


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other Network Management applets. Using this, you can bring up your custom applets just from a click of the menu. Openpanel It is an AdventNet Web NMS Menu Action type. This can be used to show user panels in the Web NMS frame. Any user panel which implements the NmsPanel interface can be shown in the Web NMS main frame. OSI Short for Open System Interconnection, an ISO standard for worldwide communications that defines a networking framework for implementing protocols in seven layers. Control is passed from one layer to the next, starting at the application layer in one station, proceeding to the bottom layer, over the channel to the next station and back up the hierarchy. OSM (Object Specific Menu) They are menu options which are displayed specific to the type of managed object selected. P Packets When information is transferred to a network, the information gets split into pieces and each piece is transmitted on its own through the connection of networks. These pieces are called packets. Parentnet It is the network to which a node or interface is directly connected to. PDU Protocol Data Unit is defined as the information that is delivered as a unit among peer entities of a network, which contains control and address information. Persistent Data Storage This is the central repository of all Persistent Web NMS data. This is a simple, dynamically extensible, database of all information on network objects. All the Web NMS persistence data is in the form of java objects and the data storage supports storing these objects either in flat files or in a relational database. It also supports a configurable caching mechanism by which it stores some of the java objects in program memory. All server processes, which has persistent objects to be stored, interact with this module to get, store and update their objects. PEX Packet Exchange Protocol is an unreliable, connectionless, datagram protocol for user processes. It does retransmission but does not perform duplicate detection. PING It stands for Packet INternet Gopher. The name of the program used with TCP/IP internets to test reachability of destinations by sending them an ECMP echo request and waiting for a reply. The term is now used like a verb as in "please ping host A to see if it is alive.".


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Pre-Provisioning Pre Provisioning is a process of applying Java filters on the templates(The provisioning templates are XML documents that have parameterized provisioning profiles for configuring multiple devices in the network) before they are applied to the network. Protocol A protocol is a set of rules and conventions between the communicating participants. Provisioning Provisioning is the setting in place and configuring of the hardware and software required to activate a telecommunications service for a customer; in many cases the hardware and software may already be in place and provisioning entails only configuration tasks. Proxy Server Proxy Server sits between a client application, such as a Web browser, and a real server. It intercepts all requests to the real server to see it can fulfill the requests itself. It not, it forwards the request to the real server. PolicyAction Policy Actions are those which are triggered when certain condition (PolicyCondition) are met. PolicyCondition Certain conditions can be added to policy depending on which required action (PolicyAction) can be triggered. PolicyObserver PolicyObserver is like a Java Observer through which observers can be added remotely to get an update on policies. Poll Filter When Managed objects are passed through Polling.conf , PolledData objects are created that determine what data have to be collected. You may have to modify this configuration detail by adding some more PolledData , modify existing PolledData or delete some of the existing PolledData. To do so a program is required that filters the PolledData and gets the required list of PolledData. Poll Filter is such a program which accepts as input the Managed object and the PolledData created for it. Then it works on the PolledData and creates a new list of PolledData as specified above. These PolledData are stored in database and data is collected for these PolledData. Poll Observer Polling Engine is responsible for collecting data based on the definition of PolledData. When data is collected and before it is stored you might like to do some operations. These can be done only when you are notified whenever data is collected . In such a situation you can write a program implementing the PollObserver interface which will act as a listener to data collection . This program should be registered with Polling Engine to receive notification on data collection. Thus whenever data collection happens, your program will be executed. You can handle the action in your program as what to do on receiving notification.


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Poll Unit Observer You may want to be notified whenever new Polling objects and PolledData objects are added, modified or deleted from the database by Polling Engine, at run time. To achieve this you can write a program implementing PollUnitObserver interface which will act as listener to above mentioned operations. Thus your program will get executed whenever new Poll units are managed by Polling Engine. PollAPI This is the core API for Performance management in Web NMS. This interface is responsible for managing the Polling Engine activities like managing Polling objects, PolledData objects, Threshold objects, data collection , storage and retrieval. A handle of PollAPI interface have to be obtained to invoke it's methods. PolledData Object A PolledData object contains definition regarding what data is to be collected. Data regarding every Managed object is accessible via the agent running in the network device. Every data to be collected is identified by a unique Identification number called "Data identifier" or "OID" (SNMP specific term). A PolledData object contains two basic information i.e OID and agent name. This indicates what data is to be collected and from which device. Based on the definition of PolledData object, Polling Engine collects data from the specified agent. PolledData objects are otherwise called as Statistics. Polling Polling can be defined as the sequential interrogation of devices for various purposes, such as, determining operational status, or determining the readiness of the device to send or receive data Polling Object A Polling object is created to hold Data collection configuration information. Data collection configuration determines what data to collect for which Managed object. The definition contained in Polling object is made up of two parts ; Match criteria and Data collection criteria. Match criteria is a set of conditions and Managed objects that satisfy this condition will be considered for data collection. Data collection criteria definition determines what data to collect. Pop up Menu The menu that appears on clicking the right button of a mouse on UI. PPP It stands for Point to Point Protocol. This protocol is used for framing IP when sending a serial line. Port Port is an interface on a computer to which a device like keyboards, printers, mouse and other peripheral devices can be connected. Propagation filters Propagation filters can be used, when the users need to get notification about an alert, after it got stored in the database and it gives the status of the alert before the update of the ManagedObject. PSM (Panel Specific Menu) They are menu options which are displayed based on the selected NMSPanel.


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Q Query A structured language that enables you to get data from the database. R RARP It stands for Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. A diskless machine uses RARP at startup to find its IP address. The machine broadcasts a request that contains its physical hardware address and a server responds by sending the machine, its IP address. RARP takes its name and message format from another IP address resolution protocol, ARP. The protocol that maps a hardware address into an internet address. RDBMS mode In RDBMS mode, all server related information are stored in database as tables. Reinitialize In AdventNet Web NMS, reinitialize means the process by which the tables in the database are dropped. This can be done either by executing a script reinitialize_nms.sh/bat or from Web NMS Launcher. Re-layout Re-layout repositions all the symbols viewed in the map according to the topology type chosen. Remotecmd It is an AdventNet Web NMS Menu Action type. This can be used when a command is to be executed on the server side with the output being sent back to client. Repeater A hardware device that extends a LAN. A repeater copies electrical signals from one physical network to another. No longer popular. IP Routing Information Protocol is used to maintain a routing database for use on a host in the forwarding of IDP packets to another host. Typically, a routing process exists on the host, and this process uses RIP to maintain the database. RFC It stands for Request For Comment, which is the initial stage in the process of creating internet standards. The name of a series of notes that contain surveys, measurements, ideas, techniques, and observations, as well as proposed and accepted TCP/IP protocol standards. RFC's are available on-line. Rollback It is the process by which data is restored after an attempt to change it by a set of SQL statements failed.


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RMI The Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) system allows an object running in one Java Virtual Machine (VM) to invoke methods on an object running in another Java VM. RMI provides for remote communication between programs written in the Java Programming language. Router A router is a device or, in some cases, software in a computer, that determines the next network point to which a packet should be forwarded toward its destination. This is located at any juncture of networks or gateway. Routing Table It contains a list of routes that are available between networks and enables an efficient transfer of packets from one network to another. S Scalability It is defined as the total number of objects or devices that can be managed by a system. It should also provide for further increase in number of objects handled. Schema It is a data source format that represents a list of tables and columns and its location. Scheduling Scheduling is the process in which you can schedule jobs or tasks for execution at a future point of time. Security Security is concerned with ensuring legitimate use, maintaining confidentiality, data integrity and auditing in the network. Servlets These are small server side Java programs that are kicked off by user requests, allow for dynamic generation of information based on the context of the user request. This takes the place of CGI scripts, and allows direct integration with other server modules, e.g., the topology data. Servlets are modules that extend request_response-oriented servers, such as Java-enabled web servers. A servlet might be responsible for taking data in a HTML order-entry form and applying the business logic used to update a company's order database. Severity Severity is a mechanism by which we associate the critical nature of any object handled by Web NMS. Object, here could be an alert, an event, a Managed object or MapSymbol. SLIP It stands for Serial Line IP. This is a framing protocol used to send IP across a serial line. SLIP is popular when sending IP over dialup phone lines.

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SMTP SMTP provides a protocol for two systems to exchange electronic mail using a TCP connection between the two systems SNMP It is a protocol for internet network management services. It is a set of rules through which devices communicate with the managers. It is formally specified in the related RFC documents. SNMP Applet Server The SNMP Applet Server (SAS) which run on a web server, allows the applet to send and receive SNMP packets to any managed device on the network. The SAS provides communication for applets which are unable to connect directly to managed devices due to security limits. It uses a TCP socket connection to the applet to provide this function. The SAS can either be started as a standalone application or part of any other application. SNMP Data Collection Engine The SNMP data collection engine collects SNMP data from the network for reporting and performance management purposes. The data collection for a mib variable is represented in a Poll Object and stored in the central data storage either in flat files or in RDBMS. Socket A software objects that connects an application to a network protocol. For example, a program can send and receive TCP/IP messages by opening a socket and reading and writing data to and from the socket. Source A source is a origin of a map link that connects to a destination map symbol. For example, in IPNET MAP, that displays a router and its associated networks, the Router map symbol is the source that is connected to its network map symbols (the destination) with a maplink. SPP Sequenced Packet Protocol is a connection oriented, reliable protocol for user processes. It provides a byte stream for the user process with optional message boundaries. SSL The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a commonly-used protocol for managing the security of a message transmission on the Internet. StartAppln It is an AdventNet Web NMS Menu Action type. This is used when a command is to be executed on the server side without any feedback to the client. Status Polling By this term, we mean that the health of the objects in the network are checked and events are generated if there is a change of status for a ManagedObject.


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Switch A switch is a network device that selects a path or circuit for sending an unit of data to its next destination. It may also include the function of a router. Intelligence is added to the switch to select the path for transmitting data. Symbol A diagrammatical representation of an object is called a symbol. T Task A task is a set of configuration parameters. It can be defined as a set of groups. TAS Short for TL1 Applet Server. TAS acts as an intermediate gateway between the manager and agent and any communication between them is through TAS. The TAS java program that runs on your web server, allows the applet to send and receive TL1 messages to any managed device on the network. TCP/IP The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is a standard transport level protocol that provides the reliable, full duplex, stream service on which many application protocols depend. TCP allows a process on one machine to send a stream of data to a process on another. TCP is connection-oriented in the sense that before transmitting data, participants must establish a connection. TELNET TELNET provides a remote login facility. It allows for an interactive user session on a client system to start a login session on a remote system. Once a login session is established, the client process passes the user's keystrokes to the server process. TFTP TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) is a simple forerunner of FTP. While it provides for file transfer between a client process and a server process, it does not provide user authentication or some of the other features of FTP (listing directories, moving between directories, etc.).Information transfer through TFTP is done through port 69.). TFTP Server This server is used to bypass the TFTP file transfer operations. The TFTP server aids the user to start a TFTP session. This session will automatically get started when the Web NMS server is started. TFTP communication is basically used by memory less devices like routers, switches etc., to get their "boot strap" information from their servers. Threshold Thresholds are baselines established to monitor data collection. If collected data goes beyond the Threshold value, it indicates that the collected value is not a recommended value which may deteriorate network performance.


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TL1 Transaction Language 1 (TL1) is an ASCII based management protocol widely used in the telecom industry for managing the telecom infrastructure. Since TL1 is ASCII based, it can be used as both Human to Machine and Machine to Machine language, without any translations. Tokenization Tokenization is a process which allows the user to break up any input field into a series of tokens that can be used in the output event object. The tokenizer definition is a string with the tokens represented by $1, $2, etc. Tomcat A servlet container and JavaServer Pages(tm) implementation. TopoAPI The Topology API is provided by AdventNet Web NMS for adding, deleting and updating ManagedObject into the Topology Database. This API can be accessed either through RMI or directly from the same JVM. Topology Topology is modeling an entity into its prototype for easy management. Web NMS Topology Service provides ways to model the Networks and NEs and even components within the NEs to be modeled as objects, called the Managed Objects and it is made possible to manage the modeled objects individually or as a group of related objects. Transport Provider With the use of Transport Provider interface, users can use their own protocol implementation for the Client_server communication between the Web NMS Java client and Web NMS Server (FE). This means that the communication between the Web NMS client and the Web NMS server (FE) is made fully configurable. By implementing this, users can provide their own way of transport between the client and the FE server. Trap Traps are notification of fault conditions that are automatically generated by the agents residing in a particular device, whenever any entity of a device goes wrong. Transaction A sequence of operations, in which either all the operations must complete or none of them must complete, is termed as a transaction. Trap Filter Trap filters can be used if the user needs to process or modify the raw Trap PDU itself before converting the trap into an Event. Trap Parsers Trap parsers provide an easy mechanism to the user to generate meaningful Events from the SNMP traps received by the NMS .


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Trend Analysis It is the process of collecting performance data every day, day-after-day, storing it, then analyzing what is happening over various time periods. This analysis helps in determining whether there is a rise , fall or fluctuation in network performance. Threshold Event When collected data exceeds threshold rule , threshold event is generated. This event acts as a notification to specify that collected data is not satisfactory. Hence on receiving this event some actions can be performed like mailing to Administrator, generating a report etc. Threshold Object A threshold object contains definition about the threshold rule to be applied over data collected . This rule helps in monitoring the trend in data collection. Whenever threshold rules are violated , threshold events are generated notifying that something is wrong with respect to network performance. Threshold object definition includes details like threshold type , value, message to be generated on violation etc. Defining thresholds helps in proactively monitoring network performance U UDP It stands for User Datagram Protocol - a connectionless protocol that, like TCP, runs on top of IP networks. Unlike TCP/IP, UDP/IP provides very few error recovery services, offering instead, a direct way to send and receive datagrams over an IP network. It's used primarily for broadcasting messages over a network As with TCP, it provides a 16-bit checksum of the entire message. URL Abbreviation of Uniform Resource Locator, the global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web. The first part of the address indicates what protocol to use, and the second part specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is located.

V W WAN A wide area network or WAN connects computers in different cities or countries. These networks are sometimes referred to as long haul networks. Web NMS JMX Agent The NMS JMX Agent developed based on the JMX Specifications provides a mechanism by which the data stored, notifications and other necessary information can be communicated from a Lower Level Managed to the Higher Level Manager. The Manager can query the NMS JMX Agent and get the required information. Besides this, the NMS JMX Agent is also capable of sending autonomous notification to the Higher Level Managers. Web Server The web server provides a means of access and integration from remote, or local web browser clients.


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X XML Extensible Markup Language provides a foundation for creating documents and document systems.

Documents

WebNMS Framework 5.0 :: Glossary and FAQ - Network Management