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how to properly insulate a slab
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4/10/2012
1
How to Properly Insulate a SlabHowtoProperlyInsulateaSlabPresentedby:MikeTurns,AssociateDirector,PHRC
Tuesday,April10,2012 1:00PM
4www.enrg.psu.edu/phrc
Slabedgeinsulationisoneofthe most abused details inthemostabuseddetailsinconstruction.
DavidHales,BuildingScienceProfessorattheUniversityofWashington
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Typical2story,2,000SFhousewithR10perimeterslabinsulation
HeatLossthroughanInsulatedSlab
Windows33%
Roof/Ceiling8%
Slab15%
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Doors5%
Walls39%
InsulationandFenestrationCriteriaTable402.1.1
InsulationandFenestrationRequirementsbyComponenta
CLIMATE ZONE
FENESTRATION U-FACTORb
SKYLIGHTb U-FACTOR
GLAZED FENESTRATIONb,e
SHGC
CEILING R-VALUE
WOOD FRAME WALL
R-VALUE
MASS WALL
R-VALUEi
FLOOR R-
VALUE
BASEMENTc WALL
R-VALUE
SLABd R-VALUE & DEPTH
CRAWL SPACEc
WALL R VALUE
E402.1.1
R-VALUE
1 1.20 0.75 0.30 30 13 3 / 4 13 0 0 0 2 0.65j 0.75 0.30 30 13 4 / 6 13 0 0 0 3 0.50j 0.65 0.30 30 13 5 / 8 19 5 / 13f 0 5 / 13
4 except Marine
0.35 0.60 NR 38 13 5 / 10 19 10 / 13 10, 2ft 10 / 13
5 and Marine 4
0.35 0.60 NR 38 20 or 13+5h 13 / 17 30g 10 / 13 10, 2 ft 10 / 13
6 0.35 0.60 NR 49 20 or 13+5h 15 / 19 30g 15 / 19 10, 4 ft 10 / 13 7 and 8 0.35 0.60 NR 49 21 19 / 21 38g 15 / 19 10, 4 ft 10 / 13
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a.Rvaluesareminimums,UfactorsandSHGCaremaximums,R19batts compressedintoanominal2x6framingcavitysuchthattheRvalueisreducedbyR1ormoreshallbemarkedwiththecompressedbatt RvalueinadditiontothefullthicknessRvalue.b. ThefenestrationUfactorcolumnexcludesskylights.TheSHGCcolumnappliestoallglazedfenestration.c. 15/19meansR15continuousinsulatedsheathingontheinteriororexteriorofthehomeorR19cavityinsulationattheinteriorofthebasementwall.15/19shallbepermittedtobemetwithR13cavityinsulationontheinteriorofthebasementwallplusR5continuousinsulatedsheathingontheinteriororexteriorof thehome.10/13meansR10continuousinsulatedsheathingontheinteriororexteriorofthehomeorR13cavityinsulationattheinteriorofthebasementwall.d. R5shallbeaddedtotherequiredslabedgeRvaluesforheatedslabs.Insulationdepthshallbethedepthofthefootingor2feet,whicheverislessinZones1through3forheatedslabs.e. TherearenoSHGCrequirementsintheMarineZone.f. BasementwallinsulationisnotrequiredinwarmhumidlocationsasdefinedbyFigure301.1andTable301.1.g. Orinsulationsufficienttofilltheframingcavity,R19minimum.h. 13+5meansR13cavityinsulationplusR5insulatedsheathing.Ifstructuralsheathingcovers25percentorlessoftheexterior,insulatingsheathingisnotrequiredwherestructuralsheathingisused.Ifstructuralsheathingcoversmorethan25percentofexterior,structuralsheathingshallbesupplementedwithinsulatedsheathingofatleastR2.i. ThesecondRvalueapplieswhenmorethanhalftheinsulationisontheinteriorofthemasswall.j. ForimpactratedfenestrationcomplyingwithSectionR301.2.1.2oftheIRC orSection1608.1.2oftheIBC,maximumUfactorshallbe0.75inZone2and0.65inZone3.
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ClimateZonesE301.1
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5
8
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SlabRValue
Table402.1.1InsulationandFenestrationRequirementsbyComponent
E402.1.1
Climate Zone SlabRvalued
4 10,2ft
5 10, 2ft
6 10, 4ft
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d.R5shallbeaddedforheatedslabs
Heatedslab:slabongradeconstructioninwhichtheheatingelementsareincontactwith,orplacedwithinorundertheslab
E202
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HeatedSlab
HydronicTubingHydronictubingorotherheatingelements
SlabEdgeInsulationSlabEdgeInsulation
10
R15RequiredpertheIRCandIECC
TypicalRvalueperinch InchesforR10 InchesforR15
ExpandedPolystyrene 4.0 2.5 3.75
Whatmaterialscanbeused?
ExtrudedPolystyrene 5.0 2.0 3.0
Polyisocyanurate 6.5 1.5 2.3
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ExpandedPolystyrene(EPS) ExtrudedPolystyrene(XPS) Polyisocyanurate(ISO)
Checkwithmanufacturerforapprovalforgroundcontact
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Floorsurfaceslessthan12inchesbelowgradeshallbeinsulated
WhenIsSlabInsulationRequired?E402.2.8
12"
ConditionedSpace
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Note:RequirementsforslabconstructionarefoundinIRCSectionR506
Insulationshallextenddownwardfromthetopoftheslaboutsideorinside
HowShouldSlabInsulationBeInstalled?E402.2.8
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Slabedgemayberesponsibleforabout60%oftheslabstotalheatloss(Certainteed)
/
EffectofSlabEdgeInsulation
REM/Designsimulations 8%increaseintotalheatingconsumptionwithnoslabedgeinsulation
62%ofheatlossthroughslabedge
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InsulationlocatedbelowgradeshallbeextendedthedistanceprovidedinTable402.1.1
DistanceBelowGradeE402.2.8
Climatezones45:2ft Climatezone6:4ft
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IncorrectSlabInsulationDetail
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Willtherebeathermalbreak?
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CorrectSlabInsulationDetail
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AProblemwith2InchSlabEdgeInsulation
Foundation
FoamInsulation
Slab
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FloatingSlab
Thetopedgeoftheinsulationmaybecutata45degreeangle
E402.2.8
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Isthisagoodidea?
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PAAlternativeDetail
1/2inch thermal break1/2 inchthermalbreak
Thermal break materials:
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Thermalbreakmaterials:
Asphaltimpregnatedfiberboard
Extrudedpolystyrene
Other
Note:AnenergyenhancementoptionmustbechosenperPA104.
UseIECCSection405:SimulatedPerformanceAlternative
S ft d li ( REM/D i
UsingthePerformancePath
Softwaremodeling(e.g.REM/Design,EnergyGuage USA)
Energycostofproposedhomemustbethereferencehome
Includes: Building orientationBuildingorientation Airinfiltrationrate Rvalues Etc.
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DetailstoAchieveFullPerimeterInsulation
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Cantileveredsillplate
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Checkwithanengineer
Source:JoeLstiburek,BuildersGuides
30Source:FundamentalsofResidentialConstruction
4/10/2012
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UseFlooringotherthanCarpet
31Source:FundamentalsofResidentialConstruction
EXTERIORFOUNDATIONINSULATION
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ExteriorFoundationInsulation
; ; ;
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(a) Cold-Bridge ThroughBrick Veneer and Correction
(b) Cold-Bridge ThroughBasement Wall and Correction
(c) Cold-Bridge ThroughExposed Foundation Wall
and Correction
Insulationnotrequiredonthehorizontalportionofthefoundationthatsupportsamasonryveneer
MasonryVeneerE402.2.10
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ExteriorinsulationrequiredMonolithicSlab
37Source:FundamentalsofResidentialConstruction
Slabedgeinsulationnotrequiredinareasdesignatedbythecodeofficialashavingveryheavytermiteinfestation
TermitesE402.2.8
infestation
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TermiteShields
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TermiteShields
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Termites ChemicalTreatments
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Exteriorfoundationinsulationshallhavearigid,opaqueandweatherresistantprotectivecovering
ProtectionofExposedFoundationInsulationE303.2.1
covering Coveringshallextend6belowgrade
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ProtectionConsiderations
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1. Pressuretreatedplywood
InsulationProtectionOptions
2. Fibercementpanelsiding
3. Cementitious coating(stucco) eitherreinforcedwithfiber,,orinstalledoverfiberglassmesh,orinstalledovermetallath.
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1. InsulCapvinylcoveringfromWisconsinPouredWallProducts
2. GroundBreakerfiberglasscoveringfromNudo Products
ProprietaryProductsAAdvisor
3. InsulGuard2fiberglasscoveringfromDiversifiedComposites
4. Surfacebondingcement
5. PermaBondComplete(foamplusfactoryadheredcementitious coating)
6. FPUltraLite panels(factorycoatedfoampanels)fromStyro Industries
7. Protecto Bondpeelandstickmembrane
Source:M
artin
Holladay,GBA
p
8. EnergyEdge
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Slabinsulationisrequiredwhen: Thespaceaboveisconditioned Slab is one foot or less below grade
Summary
Slabisonefootorlessbelowgrade
R10insulationrequired,extending 2feetbelowgradeforclimatezones4and5 4feetbelowgradeforclimatezone6
Insulationshouldextenddownwardfromthetopofthe slab (with two options to reduce slab edgetheslab(withtwooptionstoreduceslabedgeinsulationRvalue)
Exteriorslabinsulationmustbeprotected
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Questions&Evaluations
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NextMonthsWebinar MakeupairandlargekitchenexhaustsystemsMay8,2012 1:00PM