Webinar Series on how to use Earth Observation to tackle ... of EO to agro climatic...Introduction to Agro-climatic indicators Climate Hydro Crops Forests Economy Climatic projections

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Webinar Series on how to use EarthObservation to tackle Climate Change

Webinar 02: The how, when, and why of using

EO data in climate resilience decision-making.

Showcase 1: Agricultural livelihoods & water

03 Support of EO to agro-climatic indicators

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use EO4SD CR Cluster| Webinar Series | 18/06/2020 | Slide 2

Support of EO to agro-climatic indicators

Anestis Trypitsidis | Project Manager, National Observatory of Athens


Outline

1. Introduction to Agro-climatic indicators;

2. Case Studies:

i. Case Study 2: SOYBEAN USA

ii. Case Study 3: 35+ year analysis for insurance of crops;

3. Data offer through the EO4SD CR Platform


1. Introduction to Agro-

climatic Indicators


Copernicus Core Services


Introduction to Agro-climatic indicators

Climate

Hydro

Crops

Forests

Economy

Climatic projections

Water Resources projections

Crop yield projections

Forest productivity projections

Economic indicators projections

Crop yield effects up to 2013 & projected declines

Source: IPCC


Climate Projections of Agroclimatic indicators

Biologically effective degree daysCold spell duration indexFrost daysGrowing season lengthHeavy precipitation daysIce daysMaximum number of consecutive dry daysMaximum number of consecutive frost daysMaximum number of consecutive summer daysMaximum number of consecutive wet daysMaximum of daily maximum temperatureMaximum of daily minimum temperatureMean of daily maximum temperature

Mean of daily mean temperatureMean of daily minimum temperature

Mean of diurnal temperature rangeMinimum of daily maximum temperatureMinimum of daily minimum temperature

Precipitation sumSimple daily intensity index

Summer daysTropical nights

Very heavy precipitation daysWarm and wet days

Warm spell duration indexWet days

26 indicators are provided by Copernicus Climate Change Service

(Spatial: 0.5°x0.5° & Temporal: differs upon the indicator, 1951 to 2099)


Agrometeorological indicators through ERA-5 data – AgERA5

10m wind speed2m dewpoint temperature2m relative humidity2m temperatureCloud coverLiquid precipitation duration fraction

12 indicators are provided by Copernicus Climate Change Service – AgERA5

(Spatial: 0.1°x0.1° & Temporal: daily, 1979-2018)

Precipitation fluxSnow thicknessSnow thickness LWESolar radiation fluxSolid precipitation duration fractionVapour pressure


Introduction to Agrometeorological indicators - AgERA5

ERA5 based agricultural land product (historic + NRT)

downscaled to higher resolution 0.1o

agriculture specific altitude correction

bias correction daily aggregated data


2. Case Studies


Case Study 1 : CLIMATE ENHANCED EO DATA

Climate enhanced EO data

Crop productivity, including harvest index

o Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS): dry matter productivity (DMP)

o crop specific LUE – Light Use efficiency

o crop specific DVS (Development Stage) based on AgERA5 TSUMs (temperature sums

– tsumEA-AM-EM) to allocate DMP

o total crop biomass, biomass storage organs, harvest index

Copernicus C3S + GLS

1999 - present

Source: AgriCLASS project and C3S Global Agriculture SIS


Case Study 1 : CLIMATE ENHANCED EO DATA

Climate enhanced EO data

Crop evapotranspiration

o Copernicus GLS: fAPAR, albedo, LAI, LUC

o AgERA5 temp, wind, humidity

o MODIS Global Terrestrial Evapotranspiration (ET) algorithm

Copernicus C3S + GLS

1999 - present



Case Study 1 : SOYBEAN USA

Soybean used for food and feed

Protein (high quality, warmer climates): food

Oil (lower quality, colder climates): food & biofuels

Meal: feed

Grown all over the world



Soybean plant

logistics

where?

when?

how much?

Soybean plant logistics

where & when?


Development stage

flowering

mature




Grain Yield (kg/ha)

Failed crop

Super crop

2017above normal yield

late ripening

Soybean plant logistics

How much?




Actual ET (mm/dek)

super crop

desiccated crop

2017above average

water use

Soybean farm logistics

how much water?



Case Study 2 - 35+ year analysis for insurance of crops;

Objectives:

Historical analysis of damages due to weather perils;

Focus on growing season of cotton and dominant hazard

types such as frost, gale winds, floods, heavy precipitation

events and hail.

Users:

Insurance companies;

Association of farmers.


Case Study 2 – Data used;

Precipitation:GFSA - GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY ANALYSIS DATA (1km)

CHIRPS daily quasi-global precipitation datasets (0.05-deg);

ERA5-Land reanalysis temperature and wind speed data

(0.1-deg);

Daily average temperature of air at 2m above the surface

EO4SD CR Platform

NOA, project


Case Study 2 – Indicators

Heavy precipitation events

Max accumulation within 24h Max accumulation within 48h

NOA, projectNOA, project


Case Study 2 – Higher Level Indicators

Maximum consecutive wet days

Count of consecutive days where precipitation value exceeded 1mm / 24h

NOA, project


Case Study 2 – Products

Precipitation hazard map

Combination of numerous precipitation statistical aspects towards the production of integrated hazard maps per cropping season

NOA, project


3. Data offer through the

EO4SD CR Platform


https://explorer-eo4sdcr.adamplatform.eu/

https://explorer-eo4sdcr.adamplatform.eu/


Summary of provided/used climate indexes

Product Spatial

coverage

Time

coverage

User / use case Availability

ESA CCI Sea Surface Temperature Global 1991 – 2010 WB’s CC Unit, ADB’s SERD Available

ESA CCI Sea Level Anomaly Global 1993 – 2015 WB’s CC Unit, ADB’s SERD Available

ESA CCI Chlorophyll-a concentration Global 1997 – 2018 IDB Available

ESA CCI Soil Moisture Global 1978 – 2018 ARC, WB’s FCI Available

C3S ERA5 Air Temperature Global 1979 – 2019 WB’s CC Unit Available

C3S ERA5 Precipitation Global 1979 – 2019 WB’s CC Unit, IFC, MIGA, WB’s

FCI

Available

GPM IMERG precipitation Global 2000 – present WB’s GFDRR, WB’s CC Unit,

ARC, WB’s FCI

Available

NOAA’s Hydro-Estimator precipitation Global 2006 – present ADB’s SERD, WB’s GFDRR,

ARC, WB’s FCI

Available

NASA GPCP precipitation Global 1996 – 2019 IFC, MIGA, ARC, WB’s FCI Available

SM2Rain precipitation Global 2007 – 2019 WB’s FCI Available

SMOS Soil Moisture Global 2010 – present WB’s GFDRR, ADB’s SERD,

ARC

Available

MODIS NDVI Global 2000 – present WB’s Lake Victoria team, WB’s

FCI

Available

Sentinel 2 Level 1 (true color, NDVI, NDWI) Global 2015 – present WB’s Lake Victoria team, WB’s

GFDRR, WB’s FCI

Available


Further data to be provided

Product Spatial

coverage

Time coverage User / use case Availability

C3S ERA5 land – Runoff Global 1981 – 2019 WB’s CC Unit Not yet available

C3S ERA5 land - Surface air relative

humidity

Global 1981 – 2019 WB’s CC Unit Not yet available

C3S ERA5 land - Potential Evaporation Global 1981 – 2019 WB’s CC Unit Not yet available

C3S ERA5 land - Air Temperature Global 1979 – 2019 WB’s CC Unit Not yet available

C3S ERA5 land - Precipitation Global 1979 – 2019 WB’s CC Unit Not yet available

CGLS Lake water quality Global 2006 – present WB’s CC Unit Not yet available

CGLS vegetation index Global 2006 – present WB’s CC Unit Not yet available

CGLS Soil Moisture Global 1978 – 2019 WB’s CC Unit, ARC, WB’s

FCI

Not yet available

CGLS Surface Water Explorer Global 1984 - 2018 ADB’s SERD, WB’s GFDRR,

ADB’s EARD

Not yet available


Indicators developed for the CCKP

Product Spatial

coverage

Time

coverage

User / use

case

Availability

10/20/50/100-year return period 1-day maximum rainfall from

reanalysis

Global 1979 – 2020 WB’s CC Unit Available

10/20/50/100-year return period 5-days maximum cumulative

rainfall from reanalysis


10/20/50/100-year return period 1-day maximum rainfall from

satellite


10/20/50/100-year return period 5-days maximum cumulative

rainfall from satellite


Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) log-

logistic method


Potential EvapoTranspiration (PET) Global 1979 – 2020 WB’s CC Unit Available

Sea Level Rise data calculated from CMIP5 ensemble RCP2.6 RCP4.5

RCP8.5

Global 2007 - 2100 WB’s CC Unit Available

Hot days (Number of days with temperature > 35°C) Global 1979 – 2020 WB’s CC Unit Available

Tropical nights (Number of days with min temperature > 20°C) Global 1979 – 2020 WB’s CC Unit Available

Wet Days (Maximum number of consecutive wet days) Global 1979 – 2020 WB’s CC Unit Available

Dry Days (Maximum number of consecutive dry days) Global 1979 – 2020 WB’s CC Unit Available


Indicators developed for IFAD

Product Spatial

coverage

Time

coverage

User / use

case

Availability

C3S ERA5 monthly and annual 1-day maximum precipitation Global 1979 – 2019 IFAD Available

C3S ERA5 monthly and annual 5-days accumulated precipitation Global 1979 – 2019 IFAD Available

C3S ERA5 monthly and annual daily maximum air temperature at 2m above

surface

Global 1979 – 2019 IFAD Available

C3S ERA5 monthly and annual daily mean air temperature at 2m above

surface


C3S ERA5 monthly and annual daily minimum air temperature at 2m above

surface


ESA CCI soil moisture annual Global 1979 – 2018 IFAD Available

ESA CCI soil moisture monthly Global 1979 – 2018 IFAD Available

Annual number of frost days Global 1979 – 2019 IFAD Available

6-month SPEI log-logistic annual Global 1979 – 2019 IFAD Available




Monthly and annual MODIS NDVI Global 2000 – present IFAD Available

Documents

Webinar Series on how to use Earth Observation to tackle ... of EO to agro climatic...Introduction to Agro-climatic indicators Climate Hydro Crops Forests Economy Climatic projections