AP Biology Summer AssignmentAP Biology is a challenging course with a very large curriculum. It requires a strong commitment on the part of the student. We will cover new material faster than you are used to, and you will be asked to learn independently much more than you are used to. We need to hit the ground running in September so that we can complete the course by the time you take the AP exam in May.

I am asking you to indicate your commitment to the class by completing a summer assignment.

This summer assignment has been designed for five purposes:1. To get you to think about AP Biology & to keep your mind sharp, because I will expect a lot out of it.2. To get you outside and look more closely at nature.3. To refresh your vocabulary by reviewing terms that we will be using in class.4. To introduce you to major concepts from AP Biology through non-classroom methods of learning.5. To decrease the amount of material that we will have to re-learn during the school year.

Assignment # 1 Prefixes & suffixes

Prefixes & suffixes are extremely helpful to help determine the definition of unknown words. I will collect the worksheet on prefixes and suffixes the first week of school however I will also, periodically put questions involving prefixes & suffixes on your tests.

Assignment # 2 Review Biology I concepts

You have a bit more freedom with this assignment. Included in your summer packet are notes on four chapters in your book (chapters 1-3 & 6). You should read these chapters and go over the questions. If you remember the information you don’t need to actually complete the packet, if you cannot answer a question I recommend you find it in the book and answer it. I will not assess you on this information, however you are expected to be able to use this information in class. If you do not feel proficient with this information I can provide additional work in order to become proficient. I will answer any questions you have about the first three chapters but we will not be spending class time re-learning that information.

Assignment # 3 Supplemental Reading Book

There are so many non-textbooks that apply to this course that I can’t narrow down my list. I want you to choose one book from the list provided and complete the activity based on your book. Feel free to read more than one of the books but I will only be collecting summaries and questions from one of them. This will be due at the end of September.

I will check my email at least three times a week so feel free to email me any questions.khoffman@qcsd.org Mrs. Hoffman

Language of ScienceLearning the language of science is a lot like learning a new language. Scientists often use scientific words for common words that most of us already know. For example, a scientist will say “neo” instead of “new” or “pseudo” instead of “fake”. To learn science, you need to also learn this new language. Don’t worry, though. This list will help you. Just remember that most words can be broken up into a PREFIX (the beginning of the word) and a SUFFIX (the end of the word). Look at the example on the next page for help on how to use this list.

Supplemental Book List

A Life Decoded: My Genome, My Life, J. Craig Venter The autobiography of Craig Venter, one of the key scientists responsible for the decoding for the human genome. He is also responsible for pioneering what is known as shotgun gene sequencing.

The Beak of the Finch, Jonathan WeinerAbout Peter and Rosemary Grant, noted evolutionary biology researchers who supported Darwins theory of natural selection by observing the Galapagos finches for 30 years.

Genome: The Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters, Matt RidleyA chapter by chapter account of the landmarks of each chromosome and highlights of the important genes on each one.

The Selfish Gene, Richard DawkinsOne of the most important books in evolutionary biology, this is a look at how DNA manipulates organisms to further its own replication.

Your Inner Fish: A Journey into the 3.5-Billion-Year History of the Human Body, Neil Shubin An examination of homologous and analogous structures and how our anatomy is related to the anatomy of other organisms, both vertebrate and invertebrate.

The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA, James Watson The story about the discovery of DNA as told by one of the scientists responsible for its discovery.

The Hot Zone: A Terrifying True Story, Richard Preston The Hot Zone is about the Ebola virus and documents well-known outbreaks and the possible origin of this almost always fatal virus.

The Demon in the Freezer, Richard Preston The Demon in the Freezer is about the smallpox virus, anthrax and their role in biological warfare.

A Day in the Life of Your Body (Jennifer Ackerman)   Starting with a 5:30 a.m. wakeup call and working through to the wee hours, this book explains the complex details behind some of the body's most basic functions.

The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks (Rebecca Skloot).   From a single, abbreviated life grew a seemingly immortal line of cells that made some of the most crucial innovations in modern science possible.

“The Sports Gene” by David Epstein The Sports Gene is a book written by David Epstein, a senior writer for Sports Illustrated, on the effects of genetics and sports training on human athleticism

Write a summary of what happened in the book and/or about what major biological concepts are dealt within the book.

Include examples where appropriate. AND be prepared to talk about your book, what you liked and/or didn’t like about it.

PREFIXa-ab-adipo-alb-amphi-/amp-andr-angio-ante-anthropo-anti-aqua-arbor-arthro-aster-audi-auto-bi-bio-bronch-card-carn-cell-cephalo-chlor-chrom-chron-coel-com-/con-/co-contra-cran-cyt-de-deca-derm-den-di-dia-dis-/dif-

MEANINGwithout, lackingaway fromfatwhiteof both kindsmalevessel (blood)beforehumansagainstwatertreejointedstarhear, soundselftwo, twicelife, livingwindpipe (lungs)heartmeatstoreroomheadgreencolortimehollowwith, togetheragainstheadcellfrom, awaytenskintoothtwo, doublethrough, acrossapart from, deprive

PREFIXe-/ef-/ex-echin-ect-en-encephal-epi-extra-gastro-gene-geo-glottis-gymno-hepato-hetero-hiber-homo-hydro-hyper-hypo-inter-intra-ichty-immunis-leuc-lith-luna-macro-meta-micro-mono-multi-morph-neo-non-neur-

MEANINGout, out of, fromspinyoutsideinbrainon, aboveoutside, beyondstomachorigin, birthearthmouth of windpipeuncoveredliverdifferentwintersame, alikewaterover, abovebelow, under, lessbetweenwithin, during, insidefishfreewhitestonemoonlargechangesmallsinglemanyformnewnotnerve

PREFIXoculo-odont-olf-omni-opthal-oss-/ost-phag-photo-plasm-pneumo-pre-prot-/proto-pseudo-retro-rota-rupt-sub-super-/sur-tele-therm-trans-tri-trop-ventr-uni-zo-

MEANINGeyetoothsmellalleyeboneeatlightformlungsbeforefirstfake, falsebackward, backturn, wheelbreak, burstunder, beneathabove, uponat a distancetemperatureacross, beyondthreeturningbellyoneanimal

PREFIX LIST = beginnings

SUFFIX LIST = endingsSUFFIX-able/ -ible-algia-ectomy-graph-ism-itis-meter-ology/ -logy-phyll-pod/ -ped-scope-sect-sperm

MEANINGable to, capable ofpaincut outinstrument for making recordsact of, conditioninflammation (swelling) or diseasemeasurestudy of, science ofleaffoot, feetlook, observecutseed

Example of how to use this list

Word: TELESCOPE

Step 1. Look up the first part of the word under the PREFIX LIST tele = at a distance

Step 2. Look for the rest of the word under the SUFFIX LIST scope = look or observe

So, the whole word means “distance-look” or to look at something at a distance.

Note The order of the words may not always seem right; don’t worry about that. Sometimes you can only find one part of a word but that can be a good clue about

the meaning You may have extra letters like o or a or i between two parts of a word—they don’t

mean anything If you don’t see a word in the suffix list, check the prefix list. Sometimes, words can

be both a prefix and a suffix.

Using the Language of Science prefix and suffix lists, figure out the meanings of the following words:

Example: cardiology – heart study or science (study of the heart)

1. phototropism— 2. arthropod— 3. echinoderm— 4. epiglottis— 5. multicellular— 6. hypodermic— 7. anthropology— 8. hypothermic— 9. gymnosperm— 10.pseudopod— 11.photograph— 12.autograph— 13.neuralgia— 14.decapod— 15.hepatitis— 16.cytology— 17.zoology— 18.microbiology— 19.geology— 20.biology—

Notice that several prefixes can mean the same thing:21.What are two prefixes that mean ONE or SINGLE? __________ __________22.What are two suffixes that mean CUT or CUT OUT? __________ __________23.What are two prefixes that mean ABOVE or ON? __________ __________24.What are two prefixes that mean TWO? __________ __________Just knowing one part of a word gives you a clue to the whole word:

25.Would you want to be careful when touching an animal called an ECHINDNA? Yes No

26.What does a CARNIVORE eat? _______________27.Is a NEONATE a tiny baby or an old person? ____________________28.Is a CRANIOTOMY a serious surgery? Yes No29.An ALBINO rabbit is what color? _______________30.Does an AMPHIBIAN live on land or water? _______________31.If a medicine is CONTRAINDICATED for you, should you take it? Yes No32.A DERMATOLOGIST works with what part of the body? _______________33.How does a tiny animal called a ROTIFER travel through the water?

________________________(hint: look up rota)

34.If you visited the Elysian Park ARBORETUM, what would you expect to see? _______________

35.In 1969, where did the LUNAR mission land? _______________36.What is another name for a CHRONOMETER? _______________

37.Why do they call this symbol (*) an ASTERISK? __________________________________‘

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AP Biology Essential ChemistryThis is a review of basic chemistry – we will not spend any class time on these concepts as they should have been learned in chemistry.

1. Contrast the term element with compound.

2. Know the symbols of the following elements and their charge:a. Carbon

b. Hydrogen

c. Oxygen

d. Nitrogen

e. Phosphorus

f. Sulfur

3. Label the diagram below and define the terms that you label.

4. Contrast the terms atomic mass and atomic number.

5. What is the difference between the terms atomic mass and atomic weight?

6. What is an isotope and what is “special” about radioactive isotopes?

7. What determines interactions between atoms? Why are valence electrons important

8. Define the following terms:a. Chemical bond

b. Covalent bond

c. Single bond

d. Double bond

e. Electronegativity

f. Nonpolar covalent bond

g. Polar covalent bond

9. What is the difference between a structural and molecular formula?

10. Know both the molecular and structural formula for the following compounds.a. Oxygen gas

b. Carbon dioxide

c. Glucose

d. Phosphate

e. Ammonia

f. Water (you would be surprised at how many people missed this!!!)

11. How do ionic bonds compare with covalent bonds?

12. Compare and contrast hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions.

13. Define a dynamic chemical equilibrium in terms of quantities of reactants and products. This is a critical concept!

14. Why is water considered a polar molecule?

15. For each of the below listed properties of water – briefly define the property and then explain how water’s polar nature and polar covalent bonds contribute to the water special property.

a. Cohesion

b. Adhesion

c. Surface tension

d. High specific heat

e. Heat of vaporization

f. Evaporative cooling

16. What is special about water and density?

17. Explain how these properties of water are related to the phenomena described in the statements below. More than one property may be used to explain a given phenomenon.

a. During the winter, air temperatures in the northern United States can remain below 0°C for months; however, the fish and other animals living in the lakes survive.

b. Many substances—for example, salt (NaCl) and sucrose—dissolve quickly in water.

c. When you pour water into a 25-ml graduated cylinder, a meniscus forms at the top of the water column.

d. Sweating and the evaporation of sweat from the body surface help reduce a human’s body temperature.

e. Water drops that fall on a surface tend to form rounded drops or beads.

f. Water drops that fall on your car tend to bead or round up more after you polish (or wax) the car than before you polished it.

g. If you touch the edge of a paper towel to a drop of colored water, the water will move up into (or be absorbed by) the towel.

18. Define the following terms:a. Solute

b. Solvent

c. Aqueous solution

d. Hydrophilic

e. Hydrophobic

f. Molarity

19. MOLARITYA. Concentration – comparison of solute to solvent ( solute : solvent)

a. Concentrated – large ratio of solute to solventb. Dilute – small ratio of solute to solvent

B. Molarity – http://www.wikihow.com/Calculate-Molarity a. Symbol – M

massb. Equation – in reference table M = moles of solute M = molar

mass L of solution L of solution

C. Example Problems1. What is the molarity of a solution formed by mixing 10.0 g of H2SO4 with enough water to make 0.100 L of solution?

2. To prepare 10.5 L of a 2.50 M solution of KOH, how many grams of potassium hydroxide must be used?

3. How many moles of LiBr must be added to 4. What is the molarity of the solution

.650 L of water to make a 2.0 M solution? produced when 145 g of NaCl is dissolved in sufficient water to prepare 2.75 L of solution?

5. How many grams of KCl are needed to prepare 0.750 L of a 1.50 M solution?

6. What is the molarity of the solution produced when .594 mol of HCl is dissolved in 0.385 L of water?

7. To produce 3.00 L of a 1.90 M solution of sodium hydroxide, how many grams of NaOH must be dissolved?

8. If 8.77 g of KI are dissolved in enough water to make 4.75 L of solution, what is the molarity of the solution?

20. Label the diagram below to demonstrate the dissociation of the water molecule and then relate this diagram to the term pH.

21. What defines an acid and a base?

22. Why are small changes in pH so important in biology?

23. What is a buffer? Give an example on how they would work in a living organism.

24. What is acid precipitation and why is it important to living organisms?

Chapter 4: Cell Structure

1. What are three features all cells have in common?

2. How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ?

3. What organisms have cell walls? How does it help?

4. What is the primary wall made of? a. What is its function?

5. What is a limiting factor to cell size?

6. How do ribosomes differ in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

7. Why is that difference important to us?

8. Explain how the following organelles work together to perform the life functions of the cell

a. Nucleus and ribosomesb. Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodiesc. Endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomesd. Golgi bodies and lysosomese. Nucleus and endoplasmic reticulumf. Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies and vesiclesg. Endoplasmic reticulum and cell membrane

9. What is the adaptive value of the endomembrane system?

10.Trace the path of production of a protein-based secretion from a secretory cell.(Label the organelles involved)