Upload
buikhue
View
213
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Grade 2 Foundations Timeline
Common Core Standards
Foundational Skills:
Phonics and Word Recognition:RF.2.3 Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.
RF.2.3.A Distinguish long and short vowels when reading regularly spelled one-syllable words.
RF.2.3.B Know spelling-sound correspondences for additional common vowel teams.
RF.2.3.C Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long vowels.
RF.2.3.D Decode words with common prefixes and suffixes.
RF.2.3.E Identify words with inconsistent but common spelling-sound correspondences.
RF.2.3.F Recognize and read grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words.
Language Skills:
Conventions:
L.2.2.C Use an apostrophe to form contractions and frequently occurring possessives.
L.2.2.D Generalize learned spelling patterns when writing words (e.g., cage → badge; boy → boil).
L.2.1.B Form and use frequently occurring irregular plural nouns (e.g., feet, children, teeth, mice, fish).
Vocabulary:
L.2.4.B Determine the meaning of the new word formed when a known prefix is added to a known word (e.g., happy/unhappy, tell/retell).
L.2.4.C Use a known root word as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word with the same root (e.g., addition, additional).
L.2.4.D Use knowledge of the meaning of individual words to predict the meaning of compound words (e.g., birdhouse, lighthouse, housefly; bookshelf,
notebook, bookmark).
Unit Week Spelling Patterns
Phonics Skills Benchmark InstructionalWords
Benchmark SpellingWords
High-FrequencyWords
Word Study Read
1 1 Short vowels:a,e,i,o,u
Initial Blends:gr, dr, fl, br, st, sp, cl, cr
Final Blends:ft, lt, mp, nd, nt, sk, sp, st
Digraphs:ch, sh, th, wh, ph, tch, dge
Recognize, decode, and write words with short vowels containing blends and digraphs.
Short a:cat, sad, manShort e:red, get, legShort i:big, hit, pig, rip, lipShort o:hop, lot, boxShort u:sun, nut, funInitial Blends:flip, grab, step, drop, brick, stop, spin, clap, flag, drip, crop, crisp, slip, flop, stemFinal Blends:left, help, belt, lamp, sand, ant, ask, crisp, bestDigraphs:that, what, when, graph, thick, Steph, match, ship, chop, badge, think
box, chest, flag, him, jump, run, shop, stand, this, wet
a, and, are, big, can, come, for, go, has, I
“Our Flag,” pg.14
1 2 1- and 2-syllable words with long and short vowels
Recognize, decode, and write 1-2 syllable words.
Closed and Open Syllables:*Breaking words apart by syllables to help decode and spell
1-syllable words:no, map, cat, ten, rip, box, sun, so, me, nap, pan, zig, zag2-syllable words:napkin, silent, cabin, kitten, frozen, panic, picnic, publish, mitten, kitchen, bonus, plastic, magnet, secret, even, human, silo, solo, yo-yo, upset, until, exit, sudden, basic, moment, pilot, insect, absent, button,dentist, humid, music, photo, tennis, open, item, sunset, sunup,
dentist, go, hi, napkin, no, open, problem, she, silent, we
have, is, jump, my, one, put, the, want, what, you
“Class President: An Interview,” pg. 26
Initial 3-Letter Blends: scr, str, spl(TG pg. 61)
pumpkin, zigzag, zero, planet
strip, scrap, scrub, split, splash, strap
1 3 Long /a/:a, ai, ea, ay
Recognize, decode, and write words with long /a/.
ai:rain, pain, paint, main, plain, brain, chain, snail, train, mail, grain, stain, raining, painting, railway, remain, sail, sailing, painful, railway, faint, fainteda:baby, bacon, basic, fableea:great, steak, breakay:play, day, gray, tray, lay, may, ray, subway, today, stay, stray, say, saying, way, railway, Sunday
break, chain, day, great, mail, paint, play, rain, say, stay
he, like, little, no, of, saw, this, to, we, with
“Here Comes the Mail,” pg. 38
2 1 Long /o/:o, oa, ow, oe
Recognize, decode, and write words with long /o/.
o:gold, hold, cold, scold, told, going, bold, retold, holding, go, goldfishoa:float, goat, boat, toast, road, load, loan, loaf, soap, roast, coach, floating, throat, coat, coating, rowboat, reloadow:crow, bowl, grow, glow, blown, grown, show, slow, snow, blow, throw, tow, willow, below, yellow, pillow, low, lower, snowball, row, rowboatoe:doe, Joe, hoe, woe, toe,
both, bowl, cold, float, going, grow, loaf, roast, soap, throw
about, because, here, look, me, play, said, see, she, try
“Willow and Toad,” pg. 14
toenail
2 2 Long /e/:e, e_e, ee, ea, y, ey, ie
Plural Nouns-s, -es(TG pg. 181)
Recognize, decode, and write words with long /e/.
Identify word families containing the long /e/ sound, such as -ee, -ean, and -een.(TG pg. 194)
e:we, she, hee_e:these, Pete, Eveee:feet, feed, keep, seed, sweep, sleep, steep, sheep, sheet, tree, need, queen, speed, treetop, sleeping, seeea:read, seat, each, tea, heat, teach, beat, neat, clean, leaf, bean, peanut, pea, seashell, reread, repeat, reach, meaty:funny, silly, happy, funny, luckyey:key, monkey, honeyie:field, brief, piece, chief
seeds, peaches, beaches, beans, boxes, dishes
clean, funny, happy, key, leaf, need, piece, queen, read, tree
after, before, call, do, earth, father, give, her, know, large
“Jack and the Bean Tree,” Pg. 26
2 3 Long /i/:i, ie, y, igh
Recognize, decode, and write words with long /i/.
i:child, wild, kind, kinder, wilder,ie:pie, die, cries, tried, tie, tied,y:fly, cry, try, sky, shy, dry, reply, myself, spy, crying, flyingigh:night, fight, light, bright, right, might, flight, fright, bright, sunlight, daylight, brightly, frighten, delight, tight,
bright, child, cried, dry, high, kind, light, night, sky, tried
many, near, off, people, right, good,, that, two, under, very
“”Why Sun and Moon Live in the Sky,” pg. 38
lightbulb
3 1 Long /u/:ew, ue, u, u_e
Recognize, decode, and write words with long /u/.
ew:few, pew, fewer,ue:fuel, argue, rescue, value, refuel,u:unit, menu, music, January, human,u_e:use, cute, huge, cube, muse, mule, reuse,
cube, cute, few, fuel, huge, January, menu, music, rescue, use
again, below, carry, does, eight, find, laugh, house, mother, school
“The Deserts of Utah,” pg. 14
3 2 r-controlled vowel: aar
Inflectional Endings: -ed, -ing(TG pg. 61)
Recognize, decode, and write words with the r-controlled vowel a. /ar/
ar:ark, arm, art, car, jar, far, bar, tar, arch, cart, start, farm, yard, card, harm, bark, chart, hard, star, barn, park, yarn, part, sharp, start, smart, shark, spark, garden, marching, smarter, artist, barnyard, party, starlight
barked, started, farmed, picked, called, heated, leaked, sailed, seated
car, farm, garden, hard, large, march, shark, smart, star, yard
move, never, once, round, small, their, too, walk, where, year
“An Ocean Visit,” pg. 26
3 3 r-controlled vowels: e,i,uer, ir, ur
Recognize, decode, and write words with r-controlled vowels e, i, and u./ur/, /er/, /ir/
er:her, fern, verb, jerk, nerve, winterir:girl, dirt, shirt, third, first, skirt, squirt, thirst, bird, blackbird, twirl, twirling, thirsty, dirty, birth, birthday, chirp, chirpingur:turn, burn, hurt, fur, nurse, purse, return, turkey, Kurt, disturb, burning, sunburn,
bird, burn, girl, her, hurt, never, nurse, shirt, third, winter
all, away, better, by, change, done, even, found, learn, only
“Kurt’s Big Trip,” pg. 38
hurting, turning, curl, curling
4 1 r-controlled vowel: oor, oar, ore
Recognize, decode, and write words with r-controlled vowel o. /or/
or:corn, port, short, born, fork, horse, porch, sports, storm, for, cork, torn, worn, sort, sport, horn, pork, horns, report, popcorn, perform, snowstorm, sorting, record, brainstorm, seaportoar:oar, roar, oars, soarore:more, store, wore, score, tore, sore, shore, before, explore, ignore, shoreline, anymore,
before, born, fork, horn, more, oars, roar, sports, store, wore
long, now, our some them, through, upon, was, when, work
“How Deer Got Its Horns,” pg. 14
4 2 r-controlled vowels:ear, eer, ere
Contractions(TG pg.181)
Recognize, decode, and write words with r-controlled vowels ear, eer,ere. /ir/
ear:year, fear, ear, dear, gear, near, clear, rear, hear, ears, hearing, fearful, nearer, clearest, yearlyeer:deer, cheer, steer, cheeringere:here,
is not, isn’t he is, he’s, do not, don’t, could not, couldn’t, will not, won’t, she is, she’s, it is, it’s, let us, let’s
cheer, clear, deer, ears, fear, hear here, near, steer, year
always, any, blue, buy, city, draw, four, great, how, live
“City Mouse and Country Mouse,” pg. 26
4 3 r-controlled vowels:air, are, ear, ere
Recognize, decode, and write words with r-controlled vowels air, are, ear, ere. /ar/
air:chair, fair, air, hair, stairs, pair, unfair, upstairs, hairless, airplane, hairy, repair, stairwayare:care, rare, share, square, share, scare, stare, bare, beware, compare, prepare, careful, mare, nightmareear:bear, wear, pear, swear, underwear, wearingere:there, where
bear, care, chair, hair, pear, share, square, stairs, wear, where
another, boy, could, every, far, from, hurt, out, over, these
“Goldilocks and the Three Bears,” pg. 38
5 1 Vowel -Consonant-e (V-C-e)
Consonant-le (C-le)
Recognize, decode, and write words withVowel -Consonant-e syllable pattern
Recognize, decode, and write words with Consonant + le syllable pattern
V-C-e:tape, make, remake, side, inside, hope, hopeless, explode, invite, complete, take, mistake, alone, boneless, erase, sidewalk, inflate, baseball, useful, compete, describe, escape, unmade, ninety
C-le:fable, table, purple, wiggle, pebble, apple, puzzle, able, title, bubble, rattle, little, marble, simple, jungle, jiggle, giggle, middle, uncle, title, turtle, sizzle, needle, maple, female, jumble, tumble
apple, baseball,hope, inside, little, mistake, purple, shape, table, useful
answer, brown, country, start, then, there, wash, went, who, your
“Kid Inventors,” pg. 10
5 2 Vowel Teams:oi and oy
Inflectional Endings -es: (change y to i)(TG pg.61)
Recognize, decode, and write words with oi and oyVowel Teams. /oi/
oi:boil, moist, foil coin, join, noise, voice, point, soil, choice, spoil, joint, coin, joining, boiling, pointing, rejoice, broiloy:boy, joy, toy, soy, enjoy, joyful, loyal, royal, destroy, cowboy
baby-babies, fly-flies, puppy-puppies, penny-pennies, family-families
boil, boy, coin, enjoy, join, joyful, noise, point, toy, voice
above, began, different, enough, few, grow, they, were, which, why
“The Curious Boy,” pg. 22
5 3 Vowel Teams:ou and ow
Recognize, decode, and write words with ou and ow Vowel Teams. /ou/
ou:loud, pound, cloud, found, out, round, couch, count, sound, mouth, south, ouch, scout, house, proud, ground, mouse, counting, cloudless, louder, about, shouting, sprout, countdown, without, lighthouse, background, pronounceow:down, clown, town, now, brown, crown, frown, how, drown, owl, cow, howl, crowd, powder, crowded, frowning, tower downtown, countdown, nightgown, somehow
brown, count, cow, house, mouth, now, out, owl, round, town
follow, girl, head, idea, kind, leave, might, next, often, paper
“Robots,” pg. 34
6 1 Vowel Teams: oo, ui, ew, ue, u, ou, oe
Recognize, decode, and write words with ui, oo, ew, ue, ou, and oe Vowel Teams.Long /oo/
oo:moon, hoop, shoot, broom, tooth, food, goose, spoon, soon, too, booth, boot, noon, mood, fool, tool, loose, room, zoo, rooftop, scooter, moonlight, shampoo,
blue, fruit, grew, July, new, shoe, soon, too, true, truth
point, river, second, song, think, three, until, watch, white, young
“Mercury and the Ax,” pg. 14
toothless, shooting, moose, goose, toothbrush, loose, reboot, broomstick, hoot, hooting, noontime, bedroom, spoonfului:fruit, suitew:new, chew, news, grew, flew, blewue:blue, glue, clue, true, unglueu:July, truth, ruby, duty, tunaou:soup, groupoe:shoe, canoe
6 2 Vowel Teams: oo, ou
Homophones (TG pg. 181)
Recognize, decode, and write words with oo and ou Vowel Teams.Short /oo/
oo:book, look, shook, foot, cook, wood, took, brook, crook, hood, hoof, hook, took, good, stood, wooden, bookcase, bookshelf, cookie, football, goodbye, looking, notebook, rookie, unhookou:could, should, would,
to/ too/ two;ate/eight; be/bee; blew/blue; cent/sent; deer/deer; hear/here; hole/whole; one/won; right/write; see/sea; son/sun; there/they’re/their; threw/through; wood/would
book, cook, could, foot, good, look, shook, should, stood, would
add, between, close, example, food, group, hear, home left, mountain
“The Many Tales of Red Riding Hood,” pg. 26
6 3 Vowel Teams: al, aw, au, (w)a
Recognize, decode, and write words with al, aw, au, and wa Vowel Teams.Long /o/
al:talk, ball, salt, small, walk, chalk, stalk, call, mall, stall, tall, wall, snowball, smaller, talking, fall, falling, smaller, salty, ballgame, baseballaw:straw, pawn, saw, yawn, crawl, draw, drawn, paw, flaw, hawk, jaw, lawn, jigsaw,
ball, draw, fault, launch, salt, small, straw, talk, tall, walk
music, night, old, picture, sentence, spell, thought, together, while, world
“No Small Trick,” pg. 38
drawing, lawyer, withdraw, raw,au:vault, launch, fault, sauce, caught, Paul, taught, August, daughter, laundry, because, cause, dinosaur(w)a:water, wash, wasp
7 1 Compound Words:long vowels, short vowels, vowel teams, blends, digraphs
Silent letters:wr, kn, gn (TG pg. 21)
Recognize, decode, and write compound words containing the following:long vowels, short vowels, vowel teams, blends,and digraphs.
(Language Skill: Use knowledge of the meaning of individual words to predict the meaning of compound words.)
Silent letters:wr /r/, kn /n/, gn /n/
Compound words:bookshelf, lunchroom, backseat, campground, earthquake, hairbrush, shoestring, treetop, bathtub, bathroom, bedroom, birthday, cowboy, doorknob, moonlight, railroad, seashell, starfish, toothbrush, countdown, grapevine, nighttime, someone, underground, handshake, hometown, newspaper, rowboat, washcloth
Silent letters:answer, design,gnat, gnaw, knee, knew, knight, knit, knock, knob, knot, sword, wrap, wreck, wrench, wrinkle, wrist, wrong, wroteCompound words with silent letters:doorknob, knapsack, wristwatch
bathroom, birthday, cowboy, doorknob, moonlight, railroad, seashell, snowball, starfish, toothbrush
air, along, begin, children, important, letter, open, own, sound, talk
“Dear Diary,” pg. 10
7 2 Inflectional Endings with Spelling Changes:Suffixes -ed, -ing
Recognize, decode, and write verbs with inflectional endings with spelling changes.-ed, -ing
(Language Skill: Use root words, prefixes, and suffixes to determine the meaning of words)
-plan, planned, planning, -race, raced, racing,-bake, baked, baking,-tap, tapped, tapping,-tape, taped, taping-hop, hopping, hopped,-hope, hoped, hoping-smile, smiled, smiling,-place, placed, placing-wave, waved, waving-bike, biked, biking-rake raked, raking,-stop, stopped, stopping,-rewrap, rewrapped, rewrapping,-uncap, uncapped, uncapping,-hate, hated, hating,-admit, admitted, admitting,-grin, grinned, grinning,-score, scored, scoring,-vote, voted, voting,-joke, joked, joking,-save, saved, saving,-like, liked, liking,-hug, hugged, hugging,-shop, shopped, shopping,-rob, robbed, robbing,-jog, jogged, jogging-rope, roped, roping,-use, used, using,-close, closed, closing-trade, trading,traded-rename, renamed, renaming,-unzip, unzipped, unzipping-reuse, reused,reusing,-dislike, disliked, disliking,-let, letting, (let)-make, making, (made)-sit, sitting, (sat)-bite, biting, (bit)-spin, spinning, (spun)-swim, swimming, (swam)
hopped, liked, making, raked, running, sitting, smiled, swimming, taking, using
almost, animal, around, body, color, eye, form, high, light, story
“Grandpa’s Treasure Chest,” pg. 22
-take, taking, (took)
7 3 Related Root Words:Prefixes (re-, un-) Suffixes (-er, -ly, -ful, -y, -es, -s, -less, -ing, -en, -tion, -ed , -able)
Identify root words.
Recognize, decode, and write words with related root words containing common prefixes and suffixes.
(Language Skill: Use root words, prefixes, and suffixes to determine the meaning of words)
reader, reread, worker, rework, additional, friendly, friendship, helper, helpful, reheat, heater, sandstorm, sandy, speeches, speechless, rewrite, writer, freezing, refreeze, frozen, forgetful, forgotten, forgetting, helpful, helpless, subtracting, subtraction, refill, filler, mover, remove, rework, worker, rewash, washer, players, replay, ruler, ruled, unhappy, happiness, eruption, erupted, attraction, attracted, collection, collected, digested, digestion, ejection, ejected, suggested, suggestion, breakable, breaker, drinker, drinkable, enjoyed, enjoyable, fixable fixed,lovable, loved, readable, reader, washer, washable
add, addition, forgetful, forgot, forgotten, move, movers, moving, work, worked
across, become, complete, during, happened, hundred, problem, study, toward, wind
“A New Discovery,” pg. 34
8 1 Irregular Plural Nouns
Recognize, decode, and write irregular plural nouns.
men, feet, deer, children, geese, fish, women, sheep, mice, teeth, deer, shelves, loaves, wives, moose, knives, wolves,people, snowmen, townspeople, workmen, housewives, toothbrushes, lives
children, feet, fish, lives, men, people, sheep, shelves, teeth, women
against, certain, door, early, field, heard, knew, listen, morning, several
“The Big Blizzard,” pg. 14
8 2 Suffixes:-er, -or
Recognize, decode, and write words with the suffixes-er, and -or.
-er:teacher, writer, farmer, reader, painter, surfer, older, longer, carver, worker,
actor, baker, dancer, doctor, farmer, inventor, sailor, teacher,
area, ever, hours, measure, notice, order, piece, short, today, true
“My Beach,” pg. 26
Possessives(TG pg. 200)
(Language Skill: Use root words, prefixes, and suffixes to determine the meaning of words)
learner, baker, swimmer, diver, speller, runner, housecleaner, bricklayer, manager, dancer, builder, helper
-or:sailor, actor, inventor, editor, sculptor, director, governor, visitor, doctor
dog’s, cat’s, Mom’s, friend’s, Bob’s, book’s
visitor, writer
8 3 Comparatives: Suffixes-er ,-est
Contractions:‘ll, ‘ve, ‘m(TG pg. 219)
Recognize, decode, and write comparatives with the suffixes-er, and -est.
(Language Skill: Use root words, prefixes, and suffixes to determine the meaning of words)
-er:deeper, faster, quicker, bigger, larger, sadder, thicker, wider, brighter, happier, clearer, fewer, higher, hotter, closer, later, fatter, slower, newer, colder taller, nearer, safer, thicker, greener, thinner
-est:fastest, safest, darkest, nicest, hottest, smallest, warmest, biggest, wettest, coldest, happiest, clearest, fewest, highest, softest, hottest, closest, latest, fattest, newest, tallest, slowest, kindest, shortest, reddest, finest
I’ll, I’ve, I’m, we’ll, she’ll, we’ve, they’ve, they’ll, you’ll, you’ve
colder, coldest, faster, fastest, newer, newest, slower, slowest, taller, tallest
covered, cried, figure, horse, money, products, questions, since, usually, voice
“Zoos: Yes or No,” pg. 38
9 1 Suffixes:-ly, -y
Recognize, decode, and write words with the suffixes -ly and -y.
(Language Skill: Use root words, prefixes, and suffixes to determine the meaning of words)
-ly:sadly, happily, badly, nightly, slowly, perfectly, sleepily, friendly, likely, barely, softly, hungrily, sharply, nearly, carefully, strongly, lightly, quickly, hardly, finally, suddenly, greatly, nicely, carelessly, correctly, perfectly, instantly, mostly, rarely, closely, quietly, largely, unlikely, usually, beautifully
-y:lucky, grassy, hairy, sleepy, pushy, mosey, messy, rainy, tricky, funny, stormy, needy, itchy, jumpy, leafy, picky, rusty, thirsty, sticky, scratchy, squeaky, bloody, needy
friendly, funny, happy, likely, lucky, messy, neatly, quickly, rainy, slowly
able, behind, carefully, common, easy, fact, remember, sure, vowel, whole
“A Baker’s Dozen,” pg. 14
9 2 Schwa:a
Recognize, decode, and write words with the schwa sound. (pronounced “uh”)
asleep, ago, alone, alike, around, apart, across, again, away, above, ahead, about, along, agree, afraid, afloat, amount, amaze, amazing, aloud, awake, award, awarded, awareness, aware, amusement, alongside, amused, annoyed, annoying, abandon,
about, above, again, ago, ahead, alike, alone, along, awake, away
ago, government, half, machine, pair, quickly, scientist, thousand, understood, wait
“Let’s Make Peanut Butter,” pg. 26
9 3 Silent letters: kn, wr, gn, mb
Recognize, decode, and write words with silent letters.kn /n/wr /r/gn /n/mb /m/
kn:knife, knob, knee, knock, knew, knit, knight, knack, doorknob, knapsack, knowing, know, knuckle, knocking, kneecap, knowledge, knockout, kneeling
climb, comb, gnat, knife, knock, know, sign, thumb, write, wrong
among,building, circle, decided, finally, heavy, include, nothing, special, wheel
“Our Class Knows!,” pg. 38
wr:write, wrap, wreck, wrench, wrote, wrong, wrist, wristwatch, wrapper, wrestle, writer, wristband, wriggle, wreckage, writtengn:sign, gnat, gnaw, design, gnash, resignmb:thumb, comb, limb, lamb, climb, crumb, dumb, climber, crumbles, plumber
10 1 Possessives:‘s, s’
Recognize, decode, and write possessive nouns, including an apostrophe.
Singular Nouns:dog’s, Mom’s, cat’s, house’s, room’s, cow’s, tree’s, desk’s, Tom’s, Dad’s, boy’s, girl’s, barn’s, toy’s, school’s, Bob’s, Dale’s, world’s, lemon’s, apple’s, today’s, computer’s, bottle’s, wagon’s, snowman’s, watermelon’s
Plural Nouns:dogs’, boys’, boxes’, bees’, leaves’, cars’, frogs’, teachers’, doctors’, classes’, rabbits’, trucks’, knives’, wolves’, children’s, mice’s, men’s, sheep’s, people’s, teachers’, horses’, babies’ members’, ladies’, buildings’
boys’, cats’, childrens’, classes’, doctors’, dogs’, houses’, mom’s, sun’s, tree’s
brought, contain, front, gave, inches, material, noun, ocean, strong, verb
“Informational Science,” pg. 14
10 2 Prefixes:un-, re-, dis-
Recognize, decode, and write words with the prefixes un-, re-, and dis-.
(Language Skill: Use root words, prefixes, and
un-:unhappy, unpack, unlock, unhurt, unsafe, unroll, undo, unstick, unable, unafraid, unfriendly, unaware, uneasy,re-:reheat, rebuild, reread, reuse, reopen, replay, relearn, rewrite, rediscover,
disagree, dislike, distrust, reheat, reread, reuse, unhappy, unlock, unpack, unsafe
built, correct, inside, island, language, oh, person, street, system, warm
“Sand Becomes Glass,” pg. 26
suffixes to determine the meaning of words)
removing, reappear, rewashed, rewrappeddis-:dislike, distrust, disagree, displease, disappointed, disappear
10 3 Suffixes:-less, -ful
Recognize, decode, and write words with the suffixes-less and -ful.
(Language Skill: Use root words, prefixes, and suffixes to determine the meaning of words)
-less:sleepless, hopeless, fearless, lifeless, endless, useless, careless, pointless, painless, spotless, timeless, speechless, priceless, restless, starless, breathless, colorless, sleepless, thoughtless, meaningless, cloudless, weightless, powerless-ful:helpful, hopeful, spoonful,cheerful, playful, useful, truthful, careful, painful, helpful, spoonful, colorful, harmful, fistful, skillful, beautiful, forgetful, peaceful, wonderful, successful, meaningful, forceful, healthful, respectful
careful, colorful, fearless, helpful, painless, priceless, speechless, spoonful, spotless, useful
clear, dark, explain, force, minutes, object, plane, power, produce, surface
“Beautiful Ice Cities,” pg. 38