pottsborocounselors.files.wordpress.com · Web viewBe sure to include mathematical formulas, when appropriate, with your definition. This should be typed (hint: you can create any

PHS Pre-AP PhysicsSummer Assignment

Welcome to Pre-AP Physics. Together we will explore the physical world around us and hopefully learn a few things about how it works. Physics is NOT a math course. The concepts and principals of physics are the central focus of our study. However, math is the language of physics so we will be doing a lot of word problems using mathematics to describe the events in question. Please complete Parts I-X of this assignment to familiarize yourself with some key math skills and terminology we will use right away in class. This portion of the assignment will count as a test grade on the first 6 week grading period. The “rubber band car” segment of the assignment will be a separate test grade in the first 6 weeks as well. Both are due on the first day of class, no exceptions.

This course will be challenging, but that is a good thing. If you do not want to be challenged to a higher level of success in your learning process, then this is not the class for you. I do not check my school email daily during the summer, but I will be checking it as regularly as possible. If you have a question, you may contact me at [email protected]. Colleges look for students who are able to work independently and find information on their own when needed. Utilize the internet as a resource to find and learn about information in this packet you might not be familiar with. There will be a test over this material during the first week of school. I look forward to seeing you in the fall. Have a great summer! – Mr. Henson

Part I:

Terminology

Henson Pre-AP Physics Summer Project 2018-2019

Define the terms below using a physics dictionary and definitions websites to help out. Be sure to include mathematical formulas, when appropriate, with your definition. This should be typed (hint: you can create any physics equation using the equation editor under the INSERT tab in WORD). It is acceptable to type the definitions and hand write or draw in math formulas. These are concepts we will use in the first few weeks of class.

displacement average speed average velocity instantaneous accelerationacceleration freefall acceleration force net forcegravitational force scalar quantity vector quantityNewton's first law Newton's second law Newton's third law

Part II: Significant Figures (Sig Figs)Utilize this webpage to research significant figures. http://tournas.rice.edu/website/documents/SignificantFigureRules1.pdfType the rules for determining if a digit is significant. (Be sure to list the specific rules for different kinds of zeros.) Also list the rules for determining correct sig figs when adding/subtracting and when multiplying/dividing.

Part III: Unit ConversionsWe use the MKS (Meter, Kilogram, Second) version of the SI System in Physics, but many measurements or data may be in other forms of these units or even in other systems altogether, such as the English System. Remember that the prefix relates the correct power of 10. Example: 1 micrometer (μm) = 1 x 10 -6m. A measurement of 130 micrometers (μm) = 130 x 10-6m. Putting this in standard scientific notation would yield a value of 1.3 x 10-4m. Convert the following to the new unit shown. If you need a conversion factor you can find them on the internet.

a. 4008 g = ____________kg h. 25.0 μm = ____________mb. 1.2 km = ____________m i. 2.65 mm = ____________mc. 823 nm = ____________m j. 8.23 m = _____________kmd. 298 m = ____________ km k. 5.4 kg = _____________ge. 0.77 m = ____________cm I. 40.0 cm = ____________mf. 8.8 x 10-8 m = __________mm m. 6.23 x 1O-7 m = ____________nmg. 1.2 km = ____________cm n. 1.5 x 1O11 m = ______________km

Part IV: Scientific Notation – Express each number in scientific notation.

1. 456,000,000 = 4.56 x 108

2. 0.000020 = ___________________


http://tournas.rice.edu/website/documents/SignificantFigureRules1.pdf

3. 0.045 = ___________________4. 60,000 = ___________________5. 0.000000235 = ___________________

Part V: Standard Notation – Express each number in standard notation.

1. 3.03 x 10-7 = _____________________2. 9.7 x 1010 = _____________________3. 1.6 x 103 = _____________________4. 4.8 x 10-3 = _____________________5. 4.0 x 10-8 = _____________________

Part VI: Significant Figures – List how many significant figures are in each number below.

1. 474 = _____________________2. 2061 = _____________________3. 230 = _____________________4. 0.00246 = _____________________5. 0.4050 = _____________________6. 10.09 = ________________________7. 9.2 x 104 = ________________________

Part VII: Pythagorean Theorem – Solve for the unknown. Round to the nearest tenth.

a2 + b2 = c2

1. a = 7.0, b = 3.0, c = _______

2. a = 14.0, b = _______ c = 18.5

3. a = ______, b = 17.0, c = 20.1

4. a = 4.97, b = _______, c = 6.835

Part VIII: Trigonometry – Solve for the unknown. Round to the nearest tenth.

SOH CAH TOA


a

cb

a

oh

Sinθ = o/h Cosθ = a/h Tanθ = o/a

o = hSinθ a = hCosθ o = aTanθh = o/Sinθ h = a/Cosθ a = o/Tanθ

1. θ = 19o, o = _______, a = _______, h = 4

2. θ = 55o, o = 7.3, a = _______, h = _______

3. θ = 27o, o = _______, a = 13, h = _______

4. θ = 14.8° o = 3.9 m, a = _______, h = _______

Part X: Manipulating FormulaeIn Physics, you will constantly need to manipulate, or rearrange, formulae to solve for the variable you need. If you are not comfortable with this skill, I highly recommend internet research on rearranging literal equations and additional practice beyond what is provided below. You simply can’t be successful in Pre-AP Physics without rearranging formulas using only variables. We WILL break you from your math class induced numbers dependency. Show your steps in rearranging each equation very neatly, and organized, on separate paper attached to this assignment.

xf = vit + xi vi = ______________, t = _____________, xi = _____________

a=∆v∆ t Δv = _____________, Δt = _____________

vf = vi + at vi = _____________, a = _____________, t = _____________

a= Fm F = _____________, m = ___________

Challenging Manipulations


θ

xf = xi + vit + ½ at2 xi =________________________, vi = _____________________

a = ________________________, t = _____________________

vf2 = vi

2 + 2a(xf – xi) vf = _______________________, vi = _____________________

a =_______________________, xi = _____________________

xf = _____________________


Design and Construct a Rubber Band-Powered CarOverviewFor this project, you will research how to design and build a rubber band powered car. You will then construct the vehicle and bring it to class on the first day of school, August 1 th . You will demonstrate your mechanical prowess and racing genius by running your car in class during the first week of school. You may utilize the Internet to find design ideas, but must meet the design requirements outlined below.

Failure to meet the design requirements will result in a loss of points on the final grading and/or a zero for the assignment. The Rubber Band-Powered Car and report portion of the summer assignment will count as a separate test grade in the first six week grading period.

Student Outcomes1. Design and build a vehicle that is able to run across a level tile floor powered only by rubber band

bands (Common rubber bands. Not bungie cords, etc.)

2. Design this vehicle for optimal performance in speed, distance & power. Have fun with your decorations!

3. Enter this vehicle in a competition with other student-designed vehicles the first week of school. There will be a reward for the car that goes the farthest and the car voted best design/decoration by the students.

4. Write a report describing the physics behind the rubber band-powered car.

Part I: Rubber Band Car Design Requirements You may NOT use any commercially available rubber band car kits, pine car kits, CO2 car kits, LEGO, K’NEX, Lincoln logs or any other building blocks of any material. You may NOT use parts of toys, models, etc. Doing so will result in a zero!

Use easily available materials such as cardboard, wood, plastics, glue, tape, hot glue, etc. that is inexpensive and easily found at home, hobby or discount stores.

Must be of original design (ie. student designed)

Must have at least 3 wheels, all of which must support the total weight of the vehicle. Less than 3 wheels will result in a zero! Certainly you may have more than 3 wheels if you choose.

Must be powered by one or more rubber bands.You may use a propeller, but most find wind propulsion difficult.

The vehicle must start from a resting position and cannot otherwise be catapulted or slung into motion (you can’t make a sling shot or launch pad). Once released, the vehicle must operate without intervention.

The report and the car must be turned in completed and ready to perform on Thursday August 16th, 2018 during your regularly scheduled class period. NO LATE PROJECTS WILL BE ACCEPTED.


Grading:The cars will be graded on their best run of four. (1 meter = 3.28 feet)

100 – Car is able to travel 4 + meters. 95 – Car is able to travel 3 – 3.99 meters. 90 – Car is able to travel 2 – 2.99 meters. 85 – Car is able to travel 1 – 1.99 meter.80 – Car is able to travel 0.1 – 0.9975 – Car is turned in on time but does not move at least 1 centimeter0 – No car is turned in OR a car does not abide by the design requirements above.

Part II: Written Report Requirements You will submit with your car a 1-2 page, TYPED, double spaced ORIGINAL report that describes the physics behind how the rubber-band powered car “works”. You discuss concepts such as: force, power, energy, work, speed, acceleration, distance, time and relate them to your specific design. Don’t make this an “I glued part a to part b and then attached part c” type of paper. I DO NOT want a step by step replay of the building process. Speak in terms of the physics involved. Yes, you will have to do some research.

Make sure you write a proper essay with an introductory paragraph, body paragraphs, and a conclusion paragraph. I do expect quality prose, but the good news is I don’t particularly care about your percentage of weak verbs for this report. I leave that to the English department. I care about the physics content, so do not make the mistake of writing a lot of words and saying nothing.

Standard format: Top margin should be no more than 1 ½ inch. Side and bottom margins should be no more than 1 inch. No larger than 12 point font may be used.

Copying and pasting information from the Internet or any other source is plagiarism and will not be accepted. Any information that is not your original work must be sited and listed in a bibliography.

The paper will be graded on a scale of 100 points based upon my assessment of: your treatment of the physics involved, quality of original writing, grammar, punctuation, etc. Do not include photographs, diagrams, charts and other items like this in your report. Normally those are all fantastic additions to a science or lab report, but I only want your words on this one. The report grade and the car grade will be averaged to produce one overall test grade.


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