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Anglo-Chinese School(Barker Road)

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2017

SECONDARY FOUR NORMAL (ACADEMIC)

COMBINED HUMANITIES (HISTORY)

(2120/03)

1 HOUR 40 MINUTES

Instructions to Candidates:

1. Write in dark blue or black pen only.

2. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

3. Answer Question 1 from Section A, and one question from Section B.

4. Begin your answer to Section B on a new and separate sheet of paper.

5. You are advised to spend no longer than 1 hour on Section A.

6. You are to tie your answers in one single bundle

7. Attach the cover sheet to the front of your answer scripts. Write your index

number in the box provided on the cover sheet.

8. The total marks for the entire paper is 50 marks.

Information for Candidates:

The number of marks for each part-question is given in brackets [ ] at the end of the question.

Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)

This question paper consists of 6 printed pages.

Section A: Source-Based Case Study

Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates.

Study the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions.

You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources.

1 (a) Study Sources A and B.

In what ways do the two cartoonists agree with each other? [5]

(b) Study Source C.

Are you surprised by this news article? Explain your answer. [6]

(c) Study Source D.

How useful is this source as evidence of Holodomor? [6]

(d) Study Source E.

How far does this source indicate that there was no famine in Ukraine? Explain your answer. [5]

(e) Study all the sources.

‘There was a famine in Ukraine in the 1930’s.’ How far do these sources support this view? Use the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer. [8]

Preliminary Examination 2017 2 Secondary Four Normal (Academic)Combined Humanities (History) (2120/03)


Did Stalin’s policy provide sufficient food for the Russian people?

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions.

In order to catch up with the West and turn Russia into a modern industrial state, Stalin launched a series of Five Year Plans, with the first one starting in 1928 and concluding in 1932. One of the focus for these plans was to increase food production via the means of collectivisation. As part of collectivisation, land and food were confiscated from the peasants and one of the areas that was hit very hard by this policy was Ukraine. In Ukraine, Holodomor, meaning death by hunger, took place in the years 1932 and 1933. With declassification of information in the post-Stalin and post-Cold War era, it has been proven that Holodomor did take place, but what is the extent of the death and suffering of the people in Ukraine? Was it large enough for historians to claim that a famine took place? Study the sources to find out.

Source A: A political cartoon drawn about Holodomor.



Source B: A political cartoon about Holodomor.

Source C: Walter Duranty, an American journalist based in Soviet Union reports on the rumours in Ukraine. The article is published in New York Times on 31st March 1933.

1. There appears to be, from a British source, a big scare story in the American press about famine in the Soviet Union, with "thousands already dead and millions menaced by death and starvation”. [I know that] there is a food shortage throughout [but] the big cities and the army are adequately supplied with food. There is no actual starvation or deaths from starvation. In some areas of Ukraine, the farmers are stock-raising nomads described in the period of Abraham and Isaac*. Therefore, it should come as no surprise that in these areas, collectivisation has produced the terrible results. But - to put it brutally - you can't make an omelette without breaking eggs, and the Bolshevik leaders are just as indifferent to the casualties that may be involved in their drive toward socialism.

*Abraham and Isaac is a biblical reference to a period many centuries ago.

Source D: A Ukrainian recalling her experience of Holodomor in 1990.

Our father used to read the Bible to us, but whenever he came to the passage mentioning ‘bloodless war’, he could not explain to us what that term meant. In 1933, when he was dying from hunger, he called us to his deathbed and said, “This, children, is what is called a bloodless war.”



Source E: A Russian church outside of Ukraine that was used to store grain in 1933 as Communist barns were completely full.



Section B: Structured-Essay Questions

Answer one question.

2 This question is about Germany.

(a) Describe the Nazi treatment of youths and Jews in Germany from 1933 to 1945. [8]

(b) Explain how the following events helped Hitler to consolidate his power over Germany.

(i) Reichstag Fire

(ii) Night of the Long Knives [12]

3 This question is about the Cold War.

(a) Describe US actions during the Berlin Blockade in 1948 and the U2 Spy Plane Incident in 1960. [8]

(b) Explain how the following parties are responsible for the start of Korean War in 1950.

(i) China

(ii) United States of America [12]

END OF PAPER



2017 Preliminary Answer Scheme

Sec 4N(A) Combined Humanities (History)1 (a) Study Sources A and B.

In what ways do the two cartoonists agree with each other? [5]

Level Descriptor Marks1 Weak comparisons

Both sources depict Stalin in the cartoon

1

2 Comparisons, unsupported(Award 2m for one unsupported comparison and 3m for two unsupported comparisons)

Both cartoonist agree that the people of Ukraine suffered during Holodomor.

Both cartoonist agree that Stalin was behind Holodomor.

2-3

3 Similarities, supported(Award 4m for one supported comparison and 5m for two supported comparisons)

Both cartoonist agree that the people of Ukraine suffered during Holodomor. In Source A, we can see that there are starving peasants on a chessboard and all the food is placed in front of Stalin, indicating that these peasants have no food to eat. Similarly, Source B shows a bowl with skeletons in it, representing the high number of people who have died due to Holodomor.

Both cartoonist agree that Stalin was behind Holodomor. In Source A, Stalin is drawn as a gigantic figure with a lot of food in front of him but the peasants on the right has nothing, suggesting that it was Stalin who confiscated the food from the people, thus casing the Holodomor famine. In Source B, the cartoonist likewise drew Stalin as a monster consuming the skeletons of those who died in Holodomor, indicating that he was likewise behind the deaths that occurred in Holodomor.

4-5

(b) Study Source C.

Are you surprised by this news article? Explain your answer [6]

Level Descriptor Marks1 Surprised based on surface information

(Award 1m for additional details)

I am surprised that as an American journalist, he did not take the opportunity to make USSR look bad. In Source C, he said that ‘[I know that] there is a food shortage throughout [but] the big cities and the army are adequately supplied with food’. He is actually making the famine

1-2



situation sound better than what it is by suggesting that food shortages are not rampant across USSR. Since USA is generally against Communism, it is surprising that a USA journalist would not paint the situation worse to show the failures of Communism.

(Award 1m if the answer just writes that American should always be biased against Communist practices, hence the surprise. Award 2m if the answer also included why this was the case)

2 Surprise or Not Surprised, based on cross reference(Award 1m for additional details)

I am surprised by this news article as its content is refuted by Source B. In Source C, the article says that ‘There is no actual starvation or deaths from starvation’ but this is refuted by Source B. In Source B, it shows that Stalin was drinking from a bowl of skeletons, representing the deaths that has occurred at Holodomor. This meant that many people had died from starvation which is contrary to the news article, hence I am surprised.

I am not surprised by the news article as its content is supported by Source E. In Source E, a church outside of Ukraine was used to store grains as there is insufficient barns to store grains. This suggest that there was more than enough grains that was produced in 1933. With such large amount of grains produced, it is not surprising that the news article reported that ‘there is no actual starvation or deaths from starvation.’

3-4

3 Both aspects of L3 54 Surprised based on TONE

I am very surprised by the author’s article. The content of the article not only went to the extent of claiming that Holodomor was not as serious as what other countries claimed. It has gone to the extent of justifying the collectivisation policy, which is extremely unlike any type of Western press. In Source B, the author described the pre-collectivisation farmers as ‘stock-raising nomads of the type and the period of Abraham and Isaac’ to depict how backwards the farming techniques used to be, and in the process provides the reason why collectivisation must take place. The author went further by saying that ‘you can't make an omelette without breaking eggs’, which is to suggest that the casualties sustained during the course of collectivisation is justified for a greater good. While there has been occasions where Western media and even politicians who praised the Communist system and its leaders, this article takes it to a whole new level of making Communism sound good and necessary for Russia, as though it is a Russian propaganda piece. To add to this already surprising article is the fact that New York Times actually published this for the US audience.

6

(c) Study Source D.

How useful is this source as evidence of Holodomor? [6]

Level Descriptor Marks1 Usefulness, based on source content

The source is useful as it tells me that there were people ‘dying from

1



hunger’ like the author’s father. This tells me that Holodomor was a horrible time for the people of Ukraine.

2 Usefulness OR Limitations based on surface interpretation of the provenance(Award 2m for usefulness or limitations and 3m for both aspects)

The source is limited as it is a single person’s experience of what happened during in Ukraine in 1933.

The source is useful as it is from a person who had lived through the Holodomor in Ukraine in 1933 so he would have a very accurate view of what was going on in Ukraine at that point in time.

2-3

3 Usefulness OR Limitations, based on cross reference(Award 1m for additional details)

The source is useful as it is supported by Source A. In Source D, the author described Holodomor as a ‘bloodless war’ suggesting that while no violence was used, a large number of deaths occurred. This is likewise reflected in Source A, where we can see Stalin confiscating the food from the people of Ukraine, showing that there will be Ukraine peasants who will die from hunger, with no blood spilled due to violence. Since Source D is supported by Source A, Source D is reliable and hence useful.

The source is limited in use as it is challenged by Source C. In Source C, the news article reports that, ‘There is no actual starvation or deaths from starvation’, demonstrating no one died due to hunger but in Source D, the author’s father was ‘dying from hunger’ which proved that Source D is unreliable, thus rendering Source D not useful.

*Award 5m for one aspect of L3 and L2.

4-5

4 Both aspects of L3 6

(d) Study Source E.

How far does this source indicate that there was no famine in Ukraine? Explain your answer. [5]

Level Descriptor Marks1 Uncritical acceptance of source

The source indicates that there is no famine in Ukraine. In Source E, the photo shows of a chapel that is filled with large amount of grains that was placed there as a result of other barns being full. This meant that there was a lot of food to go around in USSR so it indicates that there was no famine in Ukraine.

1

2 Indicate/ does not indicate based on cross reference(Award 3m for both aspects)

The source indicates that there is no famine in Ukraine as it is supported by Source C. In Source E, the photo shows of a chapel that is filled with large amount of grains that was placed there as a result of other barns being full. This meant that there was a lot of food to go around in USSR so it indicates that there was no famine in Ukraine. This is supported by

2-3



Source C by William Duranty, which states that ‘big cities and the army are adequately supplied with food’, which shows that there is sufficient grains within USSR. Since Source E is reliable, it is indicative that there is no famine in Ukraine.

Source E is not indicative that there is no famine in Ukraine as it is challenged by Source A. In Source A, we can see that Stalin has confiscated all the food, which is placed in front of him while the peasants on the other side of the board are starving. This meant that the picture of a church that is loaded with grains due to other Communist barns being full, is probably a fake, since there are people who are clearly dying of starvation. Since Source E is unreliable, it cannot be used as an indication of whether there is starvation in Ukraine or not.

3 Does not indicate, based on relevance(Award full marks for demonstration of contextual knowledge)

The source does not indicate that there is no famine in Ukraine. The source is merely a photo to show that there is a lot of food that has been collected via collectivisation since a church has to be used as a place of grain storage due to full capacity at other Communist barns. It does not shed light on the amount of food that the people in Ukraine has. This source shows how much food the government has, rather than what the people of Ukraine has.

Based on my contextual knowledge, collectivisation was met with a huge amount of peasant resistance who resorted to burning their fields and killing their own livestock, triggering famines across the USSR and in Ukraine. Many of the peasants tried to hide their grains but were seized government officials when they were discovered. The photo in fact, indicates that government has successfully seized much grain from the peasants, hence resulting in the famines across USSR, in particular, Ukraine.

4-5

(e) Study all the sources.

‘There was a famine in Ukraine in the 1930’s.’ How far do these sources support this view? Use the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer. [8]

Level Descriptor Marks1 Writes about the hypothesis, no valid source use

There is a famine that occurred throughout USSR, including Ukraine due to collectivisation. Many peasants burned their fields or destroyed their livestock as they do not want it to be confiscated by the state. This led to a decrease in the food production in USSR, leading to famines, such as Holodomor in Ukraine.

1

2 Yes or No, supported by valid source use(Award 3m for more than one source explained)

Source A supports the view that there is a famine in Ukraine in the 1930’s. In Source A, I can see a giant Stalin having all the food in front of him on a board labelled ‘Ukraine’ while the peasants standing on the other side of the

2-3



board appears to be starving. This shows that the peasants in Ukraine has no food and is thus experiencing a famine.

Source B supports the view that there is a famine in Ukraine. In Source B, Stalin is drawn as a monster who is consuming a bowl of soup with skeletons in it, indicating that there were large number of victims from the Holodomor famine.

Source C does not support the view that there is a famine in Ukraine. In Source C, Duranty writes that, ‘There is no actual starvation or deaths from starvation.’ suggesting that while there are some food shortages but it has reached a point where a famine has occurred.

Source D supports the view that there is a famine in Ukraine. In Source D, the author’s father was ‘dying from hunger’ and he referred to the whole Holodomor as a ‘bloodless war’ which suggested that many people are dying, on a scale of war, in Ukraine. This war is ‘bloodless’ as there is no actual killing by violent means but by starvation instead.

Source E does not support the view. The source shows that there is a huge amount of grains in a church as a result of all the Communist barns being filled. This show that the grain produce was more than sufficient to support the Ukraine population, hence there is no famine in Ukraine.

3 Both aspects of L2(Award 1m for additional source explained, up to a maximum of 6m)

ExampleSource E is limited in assessing the assertion question as Source E is merely showing a church that is well stocked with grains. It does not suggest whether or not, the grains will be used to feed the people. Hence, it is insufficient to fully illustrate the situation in Ukraine, on whether a famine is taking place.

4-6

For L2 and L3, award a bonus of up to two marks (i.e. +1/+1) for use of contextual knowledge to question a source in relation to its reliability, sufficiency etc. The total mark must not exceed 7.

Section B

2 This question is about Germany.

(a) Describe the Nazi treatment of youths and Jews in Germany from 1933 to 1945. [8]

Level Descriptor Marks1 Discusses the topic without answering the question


Following the fall of the Weimar Republic, Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany in 1933 and his party, the Nazis subsequently gained total control over Germany.

1-2

2 Identifies/ Describes treatment of youths and Jews 3-5



(Award 3- 4m for identifying details. Award 4-5m for describing treatment of youths OR Jews)

3 Describes treatment of both youths and Jews(Award 1m for additional details, up to a maximum of 8m)

Treatment of Youths Hitler Youth that is made compulsory Hitler Youth activities to generally prepare boys for military service Activities include adventure training, hunting and physical training League of German Maidens to prepare girls to be homemakers Girls are generally involved in homemaking activities such as

sewing and cooking. Girls are generally not encouraged to work but to stay at home Both Hitler Youth and League of German Maidens also acted as

vehicles of propaganda to brainwash the youths such as anti-semitism

Treatment of Jews Jews were discriminated in Nazi Germany in all different parts of

society. Nuremberg Laws state that all Jews are not German citizens and

they are not allowed to marry Aryans During Night of Broke Glass, the Stormtroopers destroyed many

Jewish shops, synagogues and killed many Jews. Jews were also discriminated in schools- students were taught how

to identify a Jew by physical characteristics such as their noses Jews were made to wear the Star of David for them to be identified

easily and were often made to perform humiliating tasks in public. During WWII, Jews were sent to either concentration camps or

extermination camps. The entire episode was known as Holocaust.

6-8

(b) Explain how the following events helped Hitler to consolidate his power over Germany.

(i) Reichtag Fire

(ii) Night of the Long Knives [12]



Hitler established total control over Germany by using the SA, SS and Gestapo.

1-2

2 Describes reasons(Award 3-4 marks for one described reason and 5-6 marks for two described reasons)

The Riechstag Fire took place in 1933 where the Reichstag building caught fire. The fire was blamed on a Dutch Communist and as a result, many Communist Party members were caught. With this, Hitler was able to convince Hindenburg to pass a state of emergency.

3-6



The Night of Long Knives took place in early 1934 where Hitler utilize the SS, led by Heinrich Himmler to eliminate the SA, which are the stormtroopers that served Hitler as a para-military force.

3 Explains reasons(Award 7-9 marks for one explained reason and 10-12 marks for two explained reasons)

The Riechstag Fire took place in 1933 where the Reichstag building caught fire. The fire was blamed on a Dutch Communist and as a result, many Communist Party members were caught. With this, Hitler was able to convince Hindenburg to pass a state of emergency. The state of emergency gave Hitler wide ranging powers to remove any elements in the society, thought to be of threat to the society. This helped Hitler to consolidate his power over the society as he took the opportunity to remove the Communist elements in Germany- which is the largest opposition to Hitler’s Nazi Party. The Reichstag Fire also helped to put in place the Enabling Act later, since there are many people who will oppose such an act was already eliminated. The Enabling Act allowed Hitler to pass any laws without consultation with the Reichstag and the President. Hitler used this new found power to abolish all other political parties and trade unions in Germany. This effectively made the Nazi party unchallenged politically and also, this allowed Hitler to control the German workforce since there are no longer trade unions to represent the labour rights.

The Night of Long Knives took place in early 1934 where Hitler utilize the SS, led by Heinrich Himmler to eliminate the SA, which are the storm troopers that served Hitler as a para-military force. The reason for the elimination of the SA was Ernst Rohm’s growing ambition. Ernst Rohm had wanted to become a general in the German army. This also did not sit well with the other army generals who saw that infusion of the SA troops into the German army is a humiliation to the proud tradition of German military tradition. Therefore, Hitler decided that Rohm presented a threat to his power and he decided to use the SS to eliminate the top leadership ranks of the SA. With the elimination of the SA, Hitler consolidate his hold over Germany as he has eliminated an internal threat within his party. At the same time, he gained the loyalty of the army generals, who will become essential in his quest to recover lebensraum for Germany.

7-12

3 This question is about the Cold War.

(a) Describe US actions during the Berlin Blockade (1948) U2 Spy Plane Incident (1960). [8]



These two events happened during the Cold War and it caused tension between USA and USSR.

1-2

2 Identifies/ Describes US actions at Berlin Blockade and U2 Spy Plane Incident(Award 3- 4m for identifying details. Award 4-5m for describing treatment of

3-5



one of events)

3 Describes treatment of both events(Award 1m for additional details, up to a maximum of 8m)

US actions during Berlin Blockade US decides to organize an airlift following Stalin’s decision to cut off

all roads, rails and air corridors leading into West Berlin. The aim was to supply essential items for the survival of West Berlin citizens. This airlift was supported by a number of other US allies. This operation was known as Operation Vittles.

The airlift took place from various locations in West Germany and it carried large amount of foodstuff and coal over to West Berlin. The allies ensured that large amount of milk was transported to West Berlin as a large amount of the population was children.

The airlift lasted for 11 months in total and the Americans had always prepared military aircraft on standby in case of a Russian attack on the transport planes.

The Americans also dropped large amount of candy during Operation Vittles. Many Americans contributed candy to the US Air Force and a squadron known as the ‘candy bombers’ was set up to throw candy over West Berlin. This became an effective propaganda campaign for USA, which showcase them as a benevolent superpower. Foodstuff, especially candy and milk, became weapons of democracy in 1948.

US Actions during the U2 Spy Plane Incident USA’s spy plane was captured during a reconnaissance mission

conducted against USSR. When questioned by USSR, USA initially claimed that the plane was

a weather plane and not meant for spying purposes. This was however overthrown when USSR showed the air photos that were taken by the plane.

Dwight Eisenhower later claimed that the plane was not a US plane but this claim was again refuted by the Russians when they produced part of the reconnaissance plane, demonstrating that it belonged to USA.

The Americans then made the claim that the pilot flying the reconnaissance plane is not an American pilot, but this claim was again proven false when the American pilot was shown to the public.

The Russians demanded the Americans apologize for the incident but Eisenhower refused and this led to collapse of the Paris Peace Summit in the same year.

6-8

(b) Explain how the following parties are responsible for the start of Korean War in 1950.

(i) China

(ii) United States of America [12]

Level Descriptor Marks1 Discusses the topic without answering the question 1-2



(Award 1m for additional details)2 Describes reasons

(Award 3-4 marks for one described reason and 5-6 marks for two described reasons)

The Chinese offered to provide support to the North Koreans, should a war start with the South Koreans. Many North Korean troops fought alongside the Chinese Communist Party against the Kuo Ming Tang during the Chinese Civil War.

The Americans are responsible for the Korean War as they left Korea poorly defended when they left in 1950. The Americans left Syngman Rhee in charge of South Korea when they left.

3-6

3 Explains reasons(Award 7-9 marks for one explained reason and 10-12 marks for two explained reasons)

China is responsible for the start of the Korean War as they gave assurance to North Korea that they would assist them. Following the Chinese Civil War, Kim Il Sung was confident of starting a war, knowing that they now have a huge Communist ally to the North. On top of that, many North Korean troops have fought alongside with the Communist Army during the Chinese Civil War. This provided the North Korean troops with valuable fighting experience which made Kim Il Sung more confident of launching a successful war against the South Koreans. In all, the presence of the Chinese greatly boosted the confidence of the North Koreans in winning the war, hence triggering the Korean War.

USA was also responsible for causing the Korean War. For a start, it was USA which installed Syngman Rhee as the leader of South Korea. This choice of leadership led to the Korean War as Rhee was highly ambitious and his actions raised tensions between North and South Korea between 1945 and 1950, making it likely for the Korean War to start. An example of such actions include his frequent spying missions of North Korea. USA also caused the Korean War as they have chose to leave South Korea poorly defended. Fearing that Rhee may use the military to start a war against the North, USA purposely left South with little military equipment. This instead triggered the Korean War as it made the North more confident of a swift victory. USA’s foreign policy prior to the Korean War was also a trigger for the war. The Secretary of State, Dean Acheson gave a speech prior to the Korean War outlining the defense perimeter of USA. The areas listed included the Ryukyus and the Philippines but there was no mention of Korea. This was interpreted by Kim Il Sung to mean that there will no US intervention to save South Korea, should a war start. As such, this gave North Korea a confidence boost to ignite war on the Korean peninsula.

7-12


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rajhyss.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Web viewanglo-chinese school (barker road) preliminary. examination . 2017. secondary four. normal (academic) combined humanities (history) (2120/03)