Wright Robinson CollegeScience Department

MetalsReactivity Series

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1 Metals

t

Use these words to compl ete the word equati ons.

hyd rochloric c zinc = J r chloride'>::!!

[ water C sodium ) ca lcium... >

sodium hydrochloric .............................................'a hydroxide +

acid --t

chloride+ water

zinc hydrochloric .................................................b hydroxide

+ acid

--t................................................ + water

hydrochloric calciumc hydroxide

+acid

--tch l oride

+ water

irond hydroxide

+acid

iron--t chl oride + .............................................

Write true or false for each sentence.

a All acids have hydrogen in them....................................................

b Some metals react with acids to make oxygen gas.

c Hydrogen gas pops with a lighted splint.

d Acids corrode some metals. This means that they 'eat'away the metals....................................................

e When a metal rea cts with an acid, a salt and hydrogen gas are made...................................................

2 Metals

W R U V D I C A L T L C S E H E G R O E H M K D D

C O N D U C T O R I H A L U T B O E T E A N E I N

V V J S S V A S B E M B R A L X Z A D J E L M O U

N O I T C A E R M T I E R T I P N C P I E U E X O

E M W R N N R I B X L T W D U O H T Q M R Q T I P

N P R O D U C T E O I A E A B E A A E C F O A D M

E D L F J A G L N N N B S R T R N N T Y S W L E O

P L V B L R F N T D E D A X W E T T Q E C F M H C

A L U M R O F B Z L D C J R Z R R S G O N M W V C

S I M Y D F P K E W H Y D R O G E N Q P Z N K J Z

ACID CARBON CARBONATECHEMICAL CHLORIDE COMPOUND

CONDUCTOR DIOXIDE ELEMENTFLEXIBLE FORMULA HYDROGEN

LIMEWATER METAL NEUTRALNITRATE OXIDE PRODUCT

REACTANTS REACTION SALTSULPHATE

3 Reactivity

Look at these beakers. Each beaker contains water anda different metal.-.

... .•..•

•'

.- ..,

• • • '

calcium

:-•·

magnesium zinc lithium

a Which metal reacted the fastest? . H •

How can you tell?

b Which metal reacted the least?.. H .

How can you tell?

c Put the metals in order of their reactivity, most reactive first.

a This table shows how some metals react with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Metal Observation In cold hydrochloric acid

copper no reaction

lrllll

magnes1um

a lew bubble-;

vigorous bubbling

zinc steady bubbling

Usc the information in the table to write the tour metals in order of reactivity. starting with the most reactive.

b LJcscribc <J test to prove th<Jt hydrogen is the gas given ott.

Revision

Reactivit y s eri es qu estion s

Displ ace m e nt reac tions

“A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from solutions of its compounds”.

For example, if magnesium is dipped into copper(II) sulphate solution (seediagram on the right), copper is displaced. This is because copper is less reactive than magnesium. You would see a brown or black coating of copper on the magnesium. Solutions containing copper are usually blue, and the blue colour of the copper(II) sulphate solution would fade after a while because colourless magnesium sulphate is being formed instead.

The word equation for this reaction is:

magnesium + copper(II) sulphate magnesium sulphate + copper

magnesium ribbon

copper(II) sulphate solution

If copper is dipped into magnesium sulphate, there is no reaction because copper is not reactive enough to displace magnesium from the magnesium sulphate solution.

1. For each of the following experiments, decide whether a reaction will occur.If you think there will be no reaction, write down why you think this. If you think a reaction will happen: write down why you think it will happen, what you expect to see, and the word equation to go with it.

a) iron into copper(II) sulphate solution b) tin into magnesium sulphate solution

c) copper dipped into silver nitrate solution d) zinc dipped into lead nitrate solution

C omp e tition reac tions

“If a reactive metal is heated with the oxide of a less reactive metal it will remove the oxygen from it”.

For example, if zinc powder is mixed with copper(II) oxide powder, and heated on a tin lid, there is a vigorous exothermic reaction which produces zinc oxide and copper. This is because zinc is more reactive than copper, and so will “steal” the oxygen away from the copper(II) oxide.The word equation is:

zinc + copper(II) oxide zinc oxide + copper HEAT

zinc and copper(II) oxide mixture

2. For each of the following experiments, decide whether a reaction will occur.If you think there will be no reaction, write down why you think this. If you think a reaction will happen: write down why you think it will happen, what you expect to see, and the word equation to go with it.

a) iron heated with copper(II) oxide b) aluminium heated with iron oxide

c) copper heated with iron oxided) magnesium heated with zinc oxide

N-m05-04 (©N. Saunders 2000)

Displacement reaction Word EquationsDecide whether or not the following reactions are possible (use your reactivity series to help you)

1. Copper + zinc sulphate copper sulphate+ zinc

2. Iron + gold nitrate iron nitrate + gold

3. Potassium+ copper sulphate potassium sulphate + copper

4. Iron + lithium sulphate iron sulphate + lithium

Complete the following word equations:

1. Magnesium + silver nitrate

_ + silver

2. Aluminium + aluminium sulphate + copper

3. + copper sulphate zinc sulphate + copper

4. Iron + lead nitrate iron nitrate + _

Extension questions:

Write your own word equations for the following reactions:

1. Zinc and copper sulphate2. Magnesium and silver nitrate3. Potassium and zinc nitrate4. Gold and copper sulphate

5. Explain why aluminium and potassium nitrate will not react when mixed together.

Reac t ivit y of Met al s

/10

Students set up the following experiment.

A B C D E

Each container has hydrochloric acid in it along with a metal.

Ta sks

1. What do the bubbles in the test tubes mean? (1 mark)

2. Rank the containers in order or reactivity – most reactive first _ (2 marks)

3. Describe one way to make sure the experiment the students completed was fair. __ (1 mark)

4. Which test tube could contain A,B,C,D OR E Magnesium Copper _Zinc (3 marks)

5, complete the word equations...a) zinc + hydrochloric acid Hydrogen + (1)b) Sodium + sulphuric acid c) +

+ _(1) + lead chloride (1)

Use the internet to research different forces. Complete the table with the examples you find.

Force What does it do?/definition Contact or non-contact force

Example

Resu l tan t F or ce s

1 . Dra w arro ws t o sho w th e for ce s a cti n g o n th e ob je cts. Ca l cu lat e re sul tan t for ce

a) The car is moving forward with a force of4000N and a backwards force of 1500N. Draw arrows to represent this and label theforces

b) This box is being moved with a forward force of 200N and a backwards force of45N. Draw arrows to represent this andlabel the forces

Resultant force = Resultant force =

c) The hot air balloon is falling at a constant speed. Draw arrows to represent this.

What is the resultant force?

d) The skydiver is falling with a force of2500N and an upwards force of 450N. Draw arrows to represent this and label the forces.

Resultant force =

e) Write a sentence like the ones above to describe what is happening in the diagram below. Use key words to describe the forces in action.

Friction: 200N

Pull: 800N

Wright Robinson Sports College 1

HOMEWORK

1. The drawings in parts (a), (b) and (c) show two teams of pupils in a tug-of-war.There is a ribbon tied to the middle of the rope.

(a) The sizes and directions of the forces of each team are shown.

team A team B

The ribbon stays above point X on the ground. Give the reason for this.

.........................................................................................................................

...

......................................................................................................................1 mark

(b) The teams then pull with the forces shown below.

team A team B

Draw an arrow on the rope to show the direction in which the ribbon will move.

1 mark

(c) Later, the ribbon was to the left of point X as shown below.

team A team B

Why did the ribbon move towards the left?

.........................................................................................................................

...

......................................................................................................................1 mark

Wright Robinson Sports College 2

(d) Team A practises by pulling a rope tied to a tree.

The team pulls with a force of 1200 N but the tree does not move.

What is the force of the tree on the rope?Tick the correct box.

zero less than1200 N

more than1200 N 1200 N

1 mark

(e) The pupils do not slip because there is a force between their shoes and the ground. What is the name of this force?

.............................................................

1 mark

maximum 5 marks

2. When a car is being driven along, two horizontal forces affect its motion.One is air resistance and the other is the forward force.

(a) (i) Explain how molecules in the air cause air resistance.

.............................................................................................................

...

..........................................................................................................1 mark

Wright Robinson Sports College 3

(ii) Explain why air resistance is larger when the car is travelling faster.

.............................................................................................................

...

..........................................................................................................1 mark

(b) (i) Compare the sizes of the forward force and the air resistance when the car is speeding up.

The forward force is .............................................................................

...

..........................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Compare the sizes of the two forces while the car is moving at a steady 30 miles per hour.

The forward force is ............................................................................

...

.........................................................................................................1 mark

(c) The forward force has to be larger when the car is travelling at a steady 60 mph than when it is travelling at a steady 30 mph. Why is this?

......................................................................................................................

...

...................................................................................................................1 mark

(d) The forward force is the result of the tyres not being able to spin on the road surface.What is the name of the force that stops the tyres spinning?

.....................................................................

1 mark

Maximum 6 marks