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UNIT 1. WORLDWIDE MUSIC
Ethnomusicology studies traditional music from different cultures.
Characteristics of traditional music:
* It’s anonymous* It’s transmitted orally* It’s usually collective* It’s functional
AFRICA
NORTH OF AFRICA
Countries: The Maghreb (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya), Egypt and Sudan.
Characteristics:
Monorhythmic music Monophonic texture Most of the music is vocal, a capella Instruments: Darbuka ( drum)
Zorna (wind instrument) Rabab (violin) Ud (lute)
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Darbuka Zorna Rabâb Úd
BLACK AFRICA
Characteristics:
Ritual music (work, celebrations…) Collective music. Call-response / soloist-group structure Polyrhythmic music Instruments: Drums
Sanza (made of metal bars) Kora (string instrument)
Tambor parlante Sanza Kora
Black African music exerted a great influence on jazz, Latin and Caribbean music.
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ASIA
CHINA
Characteristics:
Use of pentatonic scales Simple and repetitive melodies, with slight variations. Instruments are made of different materials, like silk (string instruments)
as the erhu, bamboo (flutes –paixiao-, sheng -mouth organ), metal (gong), skin (drums)
Erhu Sheng Paixiao
Theatrical forms:
Chinese opera (Beijing opera) Shadow theatre
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JAPAN
Japanese music is similar to Chinese. It uses pentatonic scales and similar instruments.
Gagaku: It’s court music. It’s also the instrumental group which plays this music.
Theatrical music: Nöh (religious) Kabuki (burlesque)
Instruments: Similar to Chinese. Eg. Shamisen (string instrument played by geishas), koto.
Koto Shamisen
INDIA
Hindu music sounds to us as if it were a little bit “out of tune”.
Characteristics:
Intervals smaller than a half-step are used. They use a rhythm system made up of rhythm patterns called talas. They use a melody system based on ragas (groups of sounds and
melodies associated with certain emotional states) Instruments: Sitar and tambura (string )
Tabla (drums)
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Sitar Tabla Tambura
INDONESIA
Gamelan: instrumental group made up of gongs, metallophones of various sizes, flutes, drums and other instruments.
Gamelan
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LATIN AMERICA
ALTIPLANO
Countries: North of Argentina, Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador
Dance: Carnavalito Instruments: Flutes (quena and sikuri)
Charango and cuatro (similar to the guitar)
Charangos Quena Cuatro
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SOUTH AMERICA
ARGENTINA
Tango:
It was born in the 19th century Binary form, 4 time signature. 4 Instruments: double bass, piano, violins, bandoneon. Composers: Carlos Gardel (Por una cabeza), Astor Piazzolla
(Libertango, Oblivion)
Bandoneon. A. Piazzolla
BRAZIL
African, Portuguese and Amerindian influences.
Genres
Samba Bossa nova: fussion of jazz and Brazilian music
Composers: Joao Gilberto, A. Carlos Jobim and Vinicius de Moraes (La chica de Ipanema)
COLOMBIA
Dance: Cumbia
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VENEZUELA
Instruments: Harp Famous songs: Alma llanera
Harp
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN
MEXICO
Rancheras Corrido (La cucaracha) Performers: Mariachis ( guitar, violins, trumpets, guitarrón) Titles: La Bamba, Cielito lindo…
Mariachis
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Dance: merengue Singer: Juan Luis Guerra
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CUBA AND CARIBBEAN
Son Rumba cubana Habanera Salsa Bolero. Los Panchos
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