Reproduction Quick Notes

Sexual reproduction: Involves sperm & egg, Creates unique offspring with 50% DNA from mom, 50% DNA from dad(In humans: Receive 23 chromosomes from mom, 23 from dad = 46 total)- Male sex cell = sperm formed in testes (testicles)-Female sex cell = egg or ova/ovum formed in ovaries Note: The sperm (male gamete) determines the sex of the baby.- Science word for “sex organ” = gonad.- Science word for “sex cell” = gamete.-Process of producing gametes = gametogenesis- When sperm meets egg, the product is called a zygote.- Process of sperm meeting egg is called fertilization.

-Cell division that creates sperm & egg = meiosis (haploid cells) Chromosome number is cut in half (2n n) (n = 1 set of chromosomes, 2n = 2 sets of chromosomes) Meiosis requires 2 cell divisions. Results in 4 different daughter cells:

Asexual reproduction: Involves one organism becoming two;Creates identical offspring with 100% DNA from single parent

Types of asexual reproduction:-Binary fission = splitting in two (ex. bacteria)-Budding = when a 2nd organism grows off the first (ex. yeast, hydra)-Fragmentation = when a piece falls off and then re-grows (ex. starfish, hydra)-Vegetative propagation = when a plant sends out a root that becomes another plant (ex. strawberries)-Sporulation = when mold sprays its DNA and it grows again-Cloning = When humans insert the DNA of one animal into a blank egg and create an identical version of the first animal

-Cell division that creates identical body cells, bacteria, yeast, or fungi cells = mitosis (diploid cells) Chromosome number remains the same (2n 2n) (n = 1 set of chromosomes, 2n = 2 sets of chromosomes) Mitosis requires 1 cell division. Results in 2 identical daughter cells:

Reproduction Quick Notes

Sexual reproduction: Involves sperm & egg, Creates unique offspring with 50% DNA from mom, 50% DNA from dad(In humans: Receive 23 chromosomes from mom, 23 from dad = 46 total)- Male sex cell = sperm formed in testes (testicles)-Female sex cell = egg or ova/ovum formed in ovaries Note: The sperm (male gamete) determines the sex of the baby.- Science word for “sex organ” = gonad.- Science word for “sex cell” = gamete.-Process of producing gametes = gametogenesis- When sperm meets egg, the product is called a zygote.- Process of sperm meeting egg is called fertilization.

-Cell division that creates sperm & egg = meiosis (haploid cells) Chromosome number is cut in half (2n n) (n = 1 set of chromosomes, 2n = 2 sets of chromosomes) Meiosis requires 2 cell divisions. Results in 4 different daughter cells:

Asexual reproduction: Involves one organism becoming two;Creates identical offspring with 100% DNA from single parent

Types of asexual reproduction:-Binary fission = splitting in two (ex. bacteria)-Budding = when a 2nd organism grows off the first (ex. yeast, hydra)-Fragmentation = when a piece falls off and then re-grows (ex. starfish, hydra)-Vegetative propagation = when a plant sends out a root that becomes another plant (ex. strawberries)-Sporulation = when mold sprays its DNA and it grows again-Cloning = When humans insert the DNA of one animal into a blank egg and create an identical version of the first animal

-Cell division that creates identical body cells, bacteria, yeast, or fungi cells = mitosis (diploid cells) Chromosome number remains the same (2n 2n) (n = 1 set of chromosomes, 2n = 2 sets of chromosomes) Mitosis requires 1 cell division. Results in 2 identical daughter cells: