SCSI 2143 - 08

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

FACULTY:

Faculty of Computing

YEAR:

1/SCSR

LECTURER:

DR. SUHAILA MOHAMAD YUSUF

GROUP MEMBERS:

Che Aimuni Binti Che Alim (A18CS3044)

Farzana Nadirah Bt Mat Zani (A18CS3046)

Nursyakirah Roslan (A18CS3061)

Nasrin Nadhrah Binti Mohd Amin (A18CS3057)

DATE SUBMISSION :

14 March 2019

ABSTRACT

The first Persuasive Technology (PT) emerged in the 1970s, and was being defined as an interactive computer system used to change human behavior. Research has shown the viability of these technologies in a variety of contexts such as advertising, reducing energy consumption, promoting healthy or well-being behavior and education. This research identifies and systematizes this area of knowledge, from the identification of the main works that relate the use of PTs in education. The methodology used was review of the works published between 2010 and 2017 of the state-of art, in the bases of Google Scholar, Springer, Elsevier, ACM. As a result of the analysis of the articles, we highlight as main focus the use of PTs adapted to different user profiles, PTs applied in different pedagogical activities; (iii) PTs for different methodologies of educational activities, PTs developed in different technological languages. The PTs can be applied as learning aid instruments, acting directly and/or indirectly in the areas of Social Assistance, Health, Environment, Research and Development, Education and Advertising. Given this scenario, we observed the need to foster publications that problematize the interfaces of PTs in Education, especially architectures and/or technologies that involve, for example, Cyber-Physical Systems, that can extend the educational (physical) environment to the virtual world, in order to leave the student immersed constantly in a teaching environment.

1. Provide a brief description on the software solution that you have chosen, generally, what does it promote? (e.g. environmental awareness, managing diseases, living happily etc.) Give examples (with annotated pictures) to show how the users use/operate it. (2 marks)

Aimed to highlight the potential of the use of persuasive Technology - Microsoft Power Point, with an emphasis on education. From the analyzes made, it was detected that Persuasive Technology offer interesting opportunities in relation to teaching-learning. The results obtained from this analysis reinforce the statements of works that discuss the relations of technologies in general and the process of teaching and learning.

It is necessary new pedagogical practices for informative education that is centered on the human condition, the development of understanding, sensitivity and ethics and favours the construction of a knowledge of interdisciplinary nature, involving relationships individual and society. This is the fundamental condition for the construction of a viable future for the present and future generations.

The educational process is a relationship between human beings, which is permeated by a set of values, social practices, customs and traditions that are part of each subject involved in this process. Persuasive Technology - MS Power Point can be used at school or external environments to motivate people to acquire new knowledge or skills. Way systems can be developed to assist in the learning process, providing teaching people at any time and space

PowerPoint was originally designed to provide visuals for group presentations for education purpose, but has come to be very widely used in many other communication situations, both in education and beyond. The impact of this much wider use of PowerPoint has been experienced as a powerful change throughout society, with strong reactions including advice that it should be used less, should be used differently,]or should be used better. Microsoft PowerPoint is an easy program to use and a powerful tool for giving a presentation. Whether your presentation needs a visual kick, tools for collaboration, easy access or the ability to share information beyond the initial meeting, PowerPoint is a good option. It can even help reduce speaking anxiety by drawing eyes away from the speaker and towards a screen. Just do not expect this technology to substitute for sound and dynamic speaking skills.

2. Based on the given reference by Emets and Rogowski (2017), identify the classification of method for the persuasive technology (refer to Table 1). Describe and elaborate the example. (3 marks)

Method

Description

Example

Reduction

Simplifying effort required

to perform a task, therefore encouraging to do it.

MS Power Point provide slide show and get your ideas across with beautiful design, animation and icons to help you bring your presentation to life with few clicks.

Suggestion

Detecting the right

conditions (e.g. time, place)

to perform some action and making a suggestion to do it.

Easily translate your slides into preferred language and use the built – in accessibility checker to be sure your audiences does not miss a thing.

Self-

Monitoring

Save the time by automatically recording user activity or tracking aspects difficult to track manually.

Save the file / document to the cloud. It is easily to share with other and access it from anywhere, anytime on any device.

3. Explain the way the chosen technology affect how well the users attend (attention), perceive (perception), and recall (memory) when interacting with it. Give examples (with annotated pictures) to illustrate your points for each cognitive aspect. (3 marks for each = 9 marks)

Cognitive aspect

Description

Example

attention

Information interface should be structured to capture user attention

The transition, animation, color, video, sound attract the attention of user

perception

Obvious implication is to design representation that readily perceivable.

The sequence of information and icon is easy to understand and used.

memory

Context is important in affecting memory and able to recall thing.

Interface that MS PowerPoint using is similar with the other MS and it reduce user use memory and more use recognize.eg button save.

4. From your own experience, how would you describe your emotions when interacting with the technology? Identify each of those emotions (joy, shock, dread, thrill etc.) and at which point of interaction did the emotion occur (provide pictures). Discuss, for any negative emotions that you experienced, how you would change the design to elicit positive emotions instead. Otherwise, give reasons why you think experiencing the negative emotion is necessary for this particular technology. (5 marks - discussion must be elaborated)

Based on my experience when interacting with technology is happy, thrill, dreadful. I feel dread when I need to open a file or document on another computer which does not have the same version on a computer that will cause some content to be lost or it was not shown as in the previous version.

Error when open file in another version

Next, I am happy to use the software which has the same functionality as other software where I do not need to install other software but just need to use it with the same purpose .that I can learn new knowledge as well reduce storage usage on my computer.

Moreover, I feel thrill because there are various animations and transitions that I can use to show differentiating my work with others somewhat more interesting.

Based on my experience while using MS PowerPoint I feel annoying because MS PowerPoint 2010 and 2007 downwards are quite different. Some of the animation and transition functions in MS PowerPoint 2010 do not exist in MS PowerPoint 2007 and below. It will limit the use of MS PowerPoint 2007 and down and they need to update PowerPoint MS to 2010 and above to embed the animation. Then is if we use MS PowerPoint 2010 which attempts every transition and the animations created will be lost.

MS Powerpoint 2010 Ms Powerpoint 2007

In my opinion MS PowerPoint needs to be improved in terms of animation and transitions so that the use of MS PowerPoints is not obscured, although the use of different versions of animation and transitions is not lost and it can facilitate the process of transferring files or documents from 2010 to 2007. In my opinion experiencing the negative emotion is necessary for this particular technology because of experiencing the negative emotion will form the problem and from the problems will arise solutions and improvements. Examples of users will be compliant about what does not meet their needs from that developer will start upgrading as well as software or the hardware can be marketed and utilized in accordance with the needs of the user. If there is no experiencing the negative emotion to software and hardware there will be no technological advances in education, business and others. Especially in education, now technology is widely used in school-level education medium or university, and technology is no longer only used by students from the field of computers but from all fields, including engineering and science.

5. The Fogg Behavior Model (FBM) as in the given reference asserts that for a target behaviour to happen, a person must have sufficient motivation, sufficient ability and an effective trigger. Describe ONE specific task or feature of the technology that requires the user to execute a “target behaviour”. By referring to the FBM, discuss how the three principal factors (trigger, motivation, ability) persuade the user to execute that task or feature. Provide examples (with annotated pictures) to support your discussion. Refer to the two given videos. (3 marks)

Example:

Use the ‘Outline’ tab in Normal View to display the textual content of your presentation. This can help you to focus on and review the structure of your content rather than the visual impact of your presentation.

Effective Trigger

These power point tools give you an overview of your presentation so that you can create clear focus and logical structure for your talk.

Sufficient motivation

Once you have designed your slides, you should review your planning and think about whether you need to refine the structure of your presentation.

Sufficient ability

Power point offers features that can help you in ‘View’ menu.

6. Choose one feature of the technology, which in your opinion fail to achieve an intended outcome. Using the FBM, discuss on why you think it fails and give suggestions/recommendations how to improve the design of that feature. Provide examples (with annotated pictures) to support your discussions. If the chosen technology does not have the ethical implication, give other examples from the similar domain. (3 marks – discussion must be elaborated)

The ability is not easy to use. Using Ms. PowerPoint as my application in editing and designing images has problems when images saved directly often do not match the size edited at the beginning. If saved directly, there will usually be space with a white background outside the size of our initial image. For example, I have tried to make a logo for this blog and it must be square. Then, I tried to save the image directly to the size I wanted. When I opened the saved image, it turned out that the size changed and not square. Actually in some cases, when storing constraints this often happens, even though the size changes but in square size. See the picture below:

7. Consider the ethical implication of the identified persuasive technology. In your opinion:

(a) Does it have, even remotely, any ethical issues?

(b) Does the design aim to keep users spending time they do not intend to?

(c) Does the design protect users’ privacy and give them control over their settings?

(d) Do any of the features use deception, manipulation, misrepresentation, or other dishonest techniques?

(e) Will the design put users in harm’s way or make them vulnerable, intentionally or unintentionally? (Example “Study Estimates that Pokémon GO has Caused More than 100,000 Traffic Accidents).

Provide examples (with annotated pictures) to support your discussion. If the chosen technology does not have the ethical implication, give other examples from the similar domain. (5 marks – discussion must be elaborated)

(Adobe TeamViewer)

Example of ethical implication

a) Yes. TeamViewer is a great and easy to use desktop sharing software, it is the solution for remote control, desktop sharing and file transfer. We can access our data and applications at anytime and anywhere. It offers the highest security standards and it has excellent customer support. Last, it present wake-on-LAN and many other fetaures at no extra cost.

b) No. TeamViewer is the software that was designed to be extremely powerful and easily accessible, it can be used for complex tasks such as when we want to help our friends to do some work or two friends chatting on the computer to figure out the problem. It is easy for the other members to point out and highlight and it can be used without installation.

c) Yes. TeamViewer is free if used for non-commercial purposese. It is very secure. TeamViewer can share the single application window or it can share the entire desktop with another user. The files, images, text, folders and screenshots can be transferred. The files can be transferred directly from online storage services such as google drive, one drive and box.

d) Yes. TeamViewer can monitor the software of some type installed within its program to detect when the commercial use is suspected as it required the license to be purchased for the commercial use. It can not share the huge files and its lags Time To Time. Teamviewer does not work through th proxy servers, the version is costly. It needs a fast continuous internet connection, it will be troublesome and frustrating to use.

e) No. There are many PCs which are currently online and the logged into TeamViewer, There is no matter of the PCs location, TeamViewer gives the options to turn off the monitor, it can lock keyboard and mouse input and Remote updating of TeamViewer. We need to enter our partner’s ID and password into TeamViewer to connect.

CONCLUSION

Persuasive technology is a sub-discipline of Human-Computer Interaction that has emerged within the last 10 years, and which has generated increasing interest in the application of persuasion to systems design. Most applications have to date been developed in commercial contexts, as well in the domain of health promotion. We present a mainly theoretical consideration of how persuasive technology could be used in educational contexts, particularly in school settings. We consider how persuasive technology design may need to be modified to meet the needs of complex educational settings. We propose four design principles for the use of persuasive technology in instructional design, including credibility and Kairos. We derive these from theoretical considerations, as well as from our experience with the HANDS project, which has developed a mobile persuasive application for positive behaviour change in young people with Autistic Spectrum Disorders. We conclude that persuasive technology has the potential to be used effectively to bring about positive behavior and attitude change in school settings.

It is noted at this point that the conclusion of FBM based in Persuasive Technology, as tools to aid the teaching-learning process, allows to explore the motivating character of individuals, changing their behavior in order to initiate a particular learning process as, execution of tasks, material review, activity segment and presentation, suitability to good study habits.