CTION 1-MULTIPLE CHOICE

INSTRUCTION: This section consists of 30 questions. Choose the most appropriate answer and CIRCLE the letter of the correct response. (1 Mark Each).

1. Which of the following below are two categories of metal?

a. Brittle & Hardb. Hard & Softc. Ferrous & Metallicd. Ferrous & Non-Ferrous

2. Minerals and water for the tree are absorbed through the?

a. Cambiumb. Trunkc. Root systemd. Bark

3. All of the following are examples of base metals except ?

a. Copper, Nickel, Aluminum, Leadb. Aluminum, Copper, Steel, Brassc. Copper, Nickel, Steel, Leadd. Gold, Steel, Lead, Tin

4. The _________ is a thin layer of cells that produces new wood to make the tree grow.

a. Cambiumb. Annual ringsc. Bastd. Pith

5. Identify the timber defect shown below.

a. Crackersb. Shakes c. Cup d. Honey combing

6. The part of the tree that is converted to lumber is known as the?

a. Crownb. Middle c. Barkd. Trunk

7. Lumber is most economically produced by what method of conversion?

a. Quarter sawingb. Radial sawingc. Slash sawingd. Through and through sawing

8. The purpose of the bark is to?

a. Surround the treeb. Protect the inner layersc. Feed the inner layersd. Cause the tree to grow

9. The part of the tree which contains “live” wood is known as?

a. Medullary Raysb. Pithc. Heartwoodd. Cambium Layer

10. Identify the stage of timber processing illustrated below.

a. Logging b. Seasoning c. Felling d. Tangential cut

11. Which of the following is not a characteristic of hardwood?

a. Loose leaves in winterb. Broad leavesc. Grow quicklyd. Grows mostly in the tropics

12. The process of cutting down trees and removing the crown is known as?

a. Manufactured Boardb. Logging

c. Seasoningd. Felling

13. Splits at the ends of a board, caused by rapid loss of moisture are called?

a. Cupsb. Checksc. Wanesd. None of the above

14. The wood defect illustrated below is known as?

a. Cup Shakeb. Centre Splitc. Shake d. Check

15. The age of the tree can be determined by checking the?

a. Medullary raysb. Annual ringsc. Heightd. Thickness

16. The layer that protects the tree from insects and rapid loss of moisture is?

a. Bastb. Heartwood c. Sapwoodd. Bark

17. The figure below illustrates which type of timber defect?

a. Heart shakeb. Wayne edgec. Star shaked. Warping

18. The timber defect shown below is due to what category of defect?

a. Seasoning b. Natural forces c. Fungi d. Chemical

19. Examples of metals are?

a. Copper, Plastic b. Brass, Tinc. Mint, Ore

d. Silver, Fiber

20. What type of defect is shown below?

a. Hole b. Black spot c. Knot d. Checks

21. Identify the sequence by which lumber is processed.

a. Conversion → seasoning → felling → logging b. Seasoning → logging → felling → conversionc. Felling → seasoning → conversion → seasoning d. Felling → logging → conversion → seasoning

22. Trees are classified into which two main groups?

a. Hardwood and Broadleafb. Dry wood and Green woodc. Softwood and Hardwood d. Epoxide & Polycarbonate

23. Which of the following is a property of metals?

a. Heavyb. Easily rotc. Lightweight d. Hardness

24. The part of the tree with the twigs, leaves and branches is the?

a. Header b. Crown c. Bruchd. Trunk

25. Which of the following is not a defect due to fungi?

a. Wet rot b. Dry rot c. Green rot d. Heart rot

26. The types of trees that are used as lumber are?

a. Sapwood and Cambium treeb. Hardwood and Softwoodc. Deciduous and Genipapd. Pith and Heartwood

27. Which is the most expensive type of metal?

a. Copper b. Gold c. Bronze d. Tin

28. In the classification of timbers, how many groups are timbers classified into?

a. 4b. 2c. 6d. 8

29. What is the name given to freshly cut timber which contains moisture?a. Wet timber b. New timberc. Green timber d. Live timber

30. A tree is divided into _____ number of parts? a. 2b. 4c. 3d. 7

SECTION 2 – TRUE OR FALSE

Instruction: Circle the letter “T” if the sentence is TRUE and “F” if the sentence is FALSE(18 marks)

1) T F Defects in timber is a positive sign that the timber is ready for used.2)T F Ductility is the property of a metal to be drawn out into wires

3)T F Conversion is the process of sawing logs into marketable sizes.

4)T F Seasoning is the process of removing excess moisture from the wood.

5)T F The three main parts of a tree are the crown, bask and the trunk.

6)T F An advantage of quarter sawing is that very little warping takes place.

7)T F One method used to season lumber is natural air seasoning8)T F Two types on knots are live knot and dead knot?

9)T F Two methods of timber conversion are through slicing and artificial.

10)T F Dry rot is a defect in timber that is causes by insects?

11)T F Defects due to natural forces are caused during the natural growing process of the tree.

12)T F The cambium layer is located under the bast.

13)T F Some insects also cause timber to develop defects.

14)T F The outer skin which keeps the sap in the tree is known as the bast.

15)T F Hardwood trees have broad leaves and are found mostly in colder regions.

16)T F The annual ring represents the growth of the tree.

17)T F Non-ferrous metals contain chiefly iron.

18)T F There are some softwood trees that are harder than hardwood trees.

SECTION 3 LABEL THE DIAGRAMS

Instruction: Correctly label the following diagrams shown below (12 marks)

A

D

C

B

.

SECTION 4- Short answers

Instruction: Write your response to the questions on the lines provided

1. Give two (2) differences between hardwood and softwood. (4 marks)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Distinguish between defects due to natural forces and defects due to fungi and state one example of each. (2 marks) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

3. Explain the two (2) methods of seasoning lumber and state one advantage of each. (4 marks)

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Trees are classified into two main groups. State the two groups (2) and list two examples of each.

(6 marks)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________

5. State FOUR (4) properties of metal and explain any two? (8 marks)

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

6. List four (4) types of timber defects and explain how any one (1) is formed. (6 marks)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION 5- Drawing

Instruction: Using a pencil, draw one type of shake and one method of conversion in the box provided. (10 marks)

Method of conversion Type of Shake