CP Biology Name Date Period

HOMEWORK PACKET

UNIT 2B: Basic Biochemistry

Part 1 – Carbs, Lipids, Nucleic Acids

HW #1: Introduction: Biochemistry

1. Classify each of the following as Organic (O) or Inorganic (I).

_____ C284H432N84O79S7 _____HBr _____ C56H58Cl14CuN16S4 _____B3H3N6 _____ C14H8O4

_____ C10H12N3O3PS2 _____GaCl3 _____SiH4 _____C19H22N2S _____C9H8O4

2. Select which of the following describe Hydrolysis (H) or Dehydration Synthesis (DS)

_____ builds larger compounds

_____creates smaller compounds

_____water is produced

_____water is required

3. A scientist analyzes several foods and determines the following (each answer is used only once):

Grams per ServingFood Protein Carbohydrate Lipids Cholesterol FiberA 103.9 0 26.9 334 0B 0 0 38.4 0 0C 36.3 203.4 1.0 0 25D 0.2 102.3 0.1 0 10.2E 0 200 0 0 0

______1) Which of the above foods is most likely a lowfat bran muffin?______2) Which of the above foods would be the oil you mix in salad dressing?______3) Which of the above foods is most likely a cola?______4) Which of the above foods is most likely a piece of steak?______5) Which of the above foods is most likely a pear?

4. Which element is being described: Can form 4 bonds Can form single, double or triple covalent bonds Found in all organic compound

Choices: a. Carbon b. Hydrogen c. Nitrogen d. Oxygen

5. True or False?

_____Monomers are the building blocks of polymers.

_____Dehydration synthesis produces monomers from polymers_____ Organic compounds are found in living things while inorganic compounds are only found in the abiotic environment._____ Hydrolysis takes place in humans while synthesis only takes place in plants.

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HW #2: Introduction to Organic Compounds

1. Compare and contrast inorganic and organic compounds on the following basis:

Description: Inorganic Organic

Elements present in each

Are they found in living things?

Are they produced in living things?

2. List three different foods that would be a rich source of each of the four types of organic compounds we will study in class.

Type of Organic Compound 1st type of food 2nd food 3rd food

1.

2.

3.

4.

3. Which of the following structures is an organic compound? (Label each as organic or inorganic.)

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HW #3: Carbohydrates

______1. What do glucose, fructose, and galactose have in common? (choose all that apply)

a) they are monosaccharides c) they are isomers

b) they are disaccharides d) they are proteins

Answer the next two using numbers:

2. Hydrolysis of a trisaccharide produces ________ molecules of simple sugars.

3. Synthesis of a disaccharide requires ________ molecules of a monosaccharide.

4. What are the four types of organic compounds we plan to study in this class?

a. ______________________________ c. ______________________________

b. ______________________________ d. ______________________________

5. Which of the above categories includes DNA? ___________________________

6. Define the word structure: _______________________________________________________________

7. Define the word function: _______________________________________________________________

8. The major theme of Biology is “Form leads to Function.” Give an everyday analogy of this theme and explain how it applies to Biochemical molecules. Make sure you use the two, bold-faced words in questions 6 and 7 in your answer.

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

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9. The structure below is table sugar, tell me as much as you can about 1) what types of food it is found in, 2) the classification of the type of molecule it is, 3) what types of elements it contains, 4) the dissolvability of the molecules in

water and why, and 5) what would result if the molecule was to undergo hydrolysis. Write your answer in paragraph format.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

10) Compare and contrast inorganic and organic compounds on the following basis:

Description: Inorganic Organic

Elements present in each

Are they found in living things?

Where are they produced?

11) What is the general name for a carbohydrate made of many simple sugars?

___________________________

12) What is the name of the simple sugar used to synthesize starch, glycogen and cellulose?________________4

13) Use the words in italics to fill in the following concept map: polysaccharide, simple sugar, intermediate molecule.

two combined many combined

14) Fill in the following chart by listing the three important polysaccharides above in the first column below.

POLYSACCHARIDE

TYPE OF ORGANISM THAT SYNTHESIZES

THE POLYSACCHARIDE

SIMPLE SUGAR USED TO SYNTHESIZE THE

POLYSACCHARIDE

FUNCTION OF THE POLYSACCHARIDE IN THE

ORGANSIM

starch

glycogen

cellulose

15) Complete the following analogies:

a) glycogen is to animals as starch is to _______________________________

b) glucose and fructose are to sucrose as _______________________ is to starch.

c) synthesis is to build as hydrolysis is to ______________________________

d) simple sugar is to glucose as polysaccharide is to _______________________(3 possible answers)

16) List 3 foods that contain a large amount of cabohydrate:

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

17) Define synthesis (dehydration synthesis) of carbohydrates

_______________________________________

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18) Define hydrolysis of carbohydrates

_________________________________________________________

19) What is the name of the process by which plants make glucose? _________________________________

20) Name two carbohydrate molecules that a plant synthesizes or makes from glucose.

____________________________ and ____________________________________

21) Animals cannot make glucose. How do they obtain it? __________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

22) Name the carbohydrate molecule that animals make from glucose. ________________________________

Choose from the following to answer questions 23 and 24. Choose all answers that apply.

a. used as a reactant in cell respiration d. used as a form of energy

b. composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen e. contain many covalent bonds

c. form plant cell walls f. contain –OH (hydroxyl groups)

_____________23. Which of the above is considered a structural characteristic of carbohydrates?

_____________24. Which of the above is considered a functional characteristic of carbohydrates?

___________________ 25. Which of the following IS a carbohydrate? Choose all that apply.

a. sucrose d. lactose g. carbon dioxide

b. water e. DNA h. glucose

c. polysaccharide f. cellulose i. simple sugar

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____________ 26. Which of the following is composed of at least one molecule of glucose? (choose all that apply)

a. galactose b. cellulose c. lactose d. glycogen

_______27) Which of the following is a TRUE statement a. carbohydrates contain many atoms of nitrogen b. monosaccharides can be hydrolyzed to form disaccharides c. cellulose can be hydrolyzed to form glucose and fructose molecules d. glycogen can be synthesized from glucose molecules

_______ 28) Which of the following terms could be used to describe table sugar?(Choose all that apply)

a. monosaccharide c. polymer e. disaccharideb. dimer d. organic compound f. monomer

_______29) Which of the following are inorganic compounds found in all living things?

a) glucose c) water e) table sugarb) NaCl d) starch f) oxygen

_______ 30) List three types of food that would contain a large amount of monosaccharides.

a. ____________________ b. ____________________ c. ___________________

______ 31) Synthesis of a carbohydrate from monomers could produce (choose all that apply)

a. starch c. glucose e. fructoseb. dimers d. polysaccharides f. DNA

32) Fill in the following table:

Name ofPolysaccharide

Organism thatproduces this molecule

Monomer unit that is used to make this polysaccharide

General Function of this polysaccharide

Starch

Cellulose

Glycogen

33) Describe in your own words (not using pictures) the structural difference between cellulose and glycogen.

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HW#4: Lipids

1) What are the smaller molecules that make up fats and oils? _______________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2) What is the process by which lipid molecules are synthesized or made?______________________________

3) What is the difference between the chemical structures saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

4) Use your notepacket and draw the structural formula of an imaginary saturated fatty acid using 5 carbons:

5) Redraw your molecule as an unsaturated fatty acid (use 5 carbons):

6) What did you add and/or subtract to build the unsaturated fatty acid?_______________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

7) Is your unsaturated fatty acid monounsaturated or polyunsaturated (mono means on C=C and poly means

more than one C=C)?_________________________________

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8) Describe the difference between an oil and a fat based on:

a) Which contains saturated fatty acids? Unsaturated?____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

b) Give three examples of foods that have fat in them _____________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

c) Give three examples of foods that have oil in them _____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

9) Which is healthier? (circle one bold-faced word or words per line)

A) Unsaturated or saturated lipid

B) solid or liquid lipid at room temperature

C) animal fat or plant oil

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HW #5: Nucleic Acids

1. Complete the following analogies:

a) amino acid is to protein as nucleotides are to _________________________________

b) nucleotide is to DNA as simple sugar is to ______________________________(3 possible answers)

c) enzyme is to protein as RNA is to ____________________________________

d) sugar, phosphate group and nitrogen base are to nucleic acids as amino group, carboxyl group and R

group are to ____________________________

2. What are the main elements found in nucleic acids?

3. What are the monomer units of nucleic acids?

4. Which molecule is in the nucleic acid category but does not form polymers?

5. What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

6. What is the relationship of RNA to DNA?

7. DNA codes for the production of what other type of organic compound?

8. Which of these contain deoxyribose?

a. ATP b. DNA c. RNA

9. Which of these contain ribose?

a. ATP b. DNA c. RNA

10. Which of these stores information?

a. ATP b. DNA c. RNA

11. Which of these stores energy?

a. ATP b. DNA c. RNA

12. Label the nitrogen bases, sugars, and phosphates in the diagram below.

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REVIEW OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

1) What are the four major groups of organic molecules and what are the subunits of each group?

GROUP UNITS USED TO SYNTHESIZE MOLECULES IN THE GROUP

2) Fill in the reactants and products missing in the hydrolysis of the four major organic compounds:

Organic Compound Hydrolysis

Reactant(s) Product(s)

carbohydrate polysaccharide

lipid glycerol + fatty acids

protein amino acids

nucleic acid DNA or RNA

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Answer questions #3 to 11 by listing the letters of the following compounds, which apply to each statement.

There may be more than one answer per question.

a) polypeptides

b) lipids

c) simple sugars

e) polysaccharides

f) amino acids

g) nucleotides

h) nucleic acids

i) glycerol and fatty acids

3) Which of the above are broken down by hydrolysis?_____________________________________________

4) Which of the above are the simple units used to synthesize organic compounds?_______________________

5) Which of the above are made up of many amino acids? _________________________

6) Which of the above are used to make a triglyceride like oil? ____________________________

7) Which of the above are used as reactants in the synthesis of glycogen? __________________

8) Which of the above are components of DNA? ___________________

9) Which of the above are carbohydrates? _________________________

10) Which of the above contain nitrogen? __________________________

11) Which of the above contain Phosphorus? ________________________

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