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Electromagnet icwaves
Can travel through Space
(no air in space)
radiationIs the DIRECT
transfer of energy through
electromagnetic waves.
3 ways sun’senergy reaches the
Earth
1. visible light
2. infrared radiation (heat)
3. ultraviolet radiation
visible light
ROY-G-BIV
ultravioletradiation
UV raysCauses sunburn
SMALLEST amount of radiation reaching
Earth
What happens to sun’s energy when it reaches
Earth?
RARAS
R Reflected back into space by clouds
A Absorbed by the earth’s surface (water,land)R Reflected back the earth’s surface
A Absorbed by atmosphere/clouds
S Scattered by dust
Greenhouse effect Like a blanket
Keeps Earth warm
thermometer
Measurestemperature
2 most common temperature scales
Celsius Fahrenheit
Freeze 0 C 32 FBoil 100 C 212 F
HEAT
Definition:
Energy transferredfrom a hotter
to a colderobject
to
+ Greenhouse -Effect
Helpful Harmful
Protects plants and
people from harmful UV rays; keeps planet warm
enough
Traps too much carbon
dioxide; warms up
planet
UNITS for TEMPERATURE?
Degrees
Temperature(definition)
The AVERAGE amount of ENERGY of MOTION in each MOLECULE of a substance
WAYS HEAT CAN BE TRASNFERRED
Hint: CCR
C Conduction
C Convection
R Radiation
CONDUCTIONTRANSFER OF HEAT by
DIRECT TOUCH
CONVECTION
TRANSFER of HEAT bymovement of a FLUID
FLUID = FLOWSAir (gas) or liquid
Vent
RADIATION
Direct Transfer of Heat by ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
DENSITYof
AIR
Cold Air is MORE dense than hot air
C > H
What causes WIND?
Uneven heating of atmosphere
anemometer
Measures wind SPEED
Wind Vane
Shows wind DIRECTIONN,S,E,W
3 KINDSOF
LOCAL WIND
1. SEA BREEZE
2. LAND BREEZE
3. MONSOON
monsoonSea / land breeze
over a LARGE AREA that changes with
the season.
Monsoon season
monsoon
Like in Forrest Gump movie
Rained, rained, rained …
Coriolis Effect
HINT
CORIOLIS
CURVIOLIS
Coriolis Effect
Wind in northern hemispshere curve RIGHT
Wind in southern hemisphere curve LEFT
4Global Wind
Belts
1. Doldrums
2. Trade Winds
3. Prevailing Westerlies
4. Polar Easterlies
Doldrums
Dol-drumNear equator
Very calm, weak wind
Trade Winds
Steady winds
Equator to 30
Prevailing Westerlies
30 - 60WEST TO east
PolarEasterlies
60 – PolesEAST to west
3Main Typesof Clouds
1. cumulus
2. stratus
3. cirrus
Convection
Examples:
Horse latitudes 30 N30 S
latitudes
How / WhenDo CLOUDS FORM ?
When WATER VAPOR (gas) becomes
LIQUID or ICE CRYSTALS
CIRRUS CLOUDS
FeatheryWispy
Horse tail looking
CumulonimbusClouds
Thunderstorm Clouds
????
barometer
Barometer Measures changes in air pressure
Strata = layer
stratus clouds
Layers of clouds; often cover most of the sky
On a ‘gray day’
dew point The temperature at which water in the air turns into
water (droplets)
Cumulusclouds
Cotton ball, puffy
Thermal energy
Vs.
Temperature
Tot al amount of energy
Vs.Average amount
of energy
FLUIDS(like air)
&AIR PRESSURErelationship
HIGH TOWARD Low
High to Low
psychrometerInstrument that
measuresRelative humidity
Moves
Rain gauge
Measures how much precipitation falls to the
earth
UV RadiationAbsorption
OZONE absorbs most of it
INFRAREDRADIATION
MOST of the energy that heats the Earth is INFRARED
RADIATION
sun’s heat
GreenhouseEffect
the PROCESSby which gases (ozone)
holds HEAT in the ATMOSPHERE
How is the TROPOSPHERE
heated?
Mostly by CONVECTION
troposphere = weatherweather = hot, cold, wet,
dry, windy
WARM AIR
COLD AIR
Warm air is less dense
CONVECTIONhappens because
Cold air is more dense
Global WindsVs.
Local Winds
Global winds over very LARGE areas
Local winds over small areas
LandBreeze
Comes from the land
Land cools faster than seaWarmer air over sea rises – cooler air from
land moves toward sea
Sea Breeze
Comes from the sea
Sea heats up slower than land Warmer land air rises – cooler air from sea moves toward the land.
Sea BreezeBreezy DAY at SEAshore
Sand warms up before sea
Land Breeze
Land COOLS off slower than sea
Gnats / mosquitos from the sand dune grasses bite!
condensation
Forms especially when glass is cold and it’s
warm outside
Ice tea in the summer?
precipitation
ANY water that FALLS from the clouds
RAIN to SNOWratio to
1 : 10
cloud seeding
silver iodide&
dry ice
Wind chillfactor
When the air FEELS cooler than it really is because of the
wind
drought
Little or no RAIN for LONG periods of time
Restricted lawn watering
sleet
Snow falls, then melts into rain then refreezes and falls as SLEET
Freezing rainSnow falls,
Then melts into rain
BUT
Only FREEZES when it HITS the GROUND
Sleet vs. Freezing Rain
psychrometer
Remember fanning it to make the wet paper evaporate & cool?