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Regents Biology Homework Packet

Unit 15 & 16: Support and Locomotion & Nervous and Endocrine Regulation

Use your Biology by Miller & Levine textbook to complete and help with the following homework assignments.

(1) Read the assigned pages, (2) Define the vocabulary, and (3) Answer the questions.

Neatness counts. Number the definitions. Write the page and number of the questions. Do your work in ink or even type the homework. Staple the definitions and questions to the HW packet.

The homework assignment is due the day before the test. We will use the HW packet as a test review. The completed and corrected HW packet will be collected on the day of the test. Late homework assignments receive no credit (0). If the assignment is not turned in by the last day of the quarter the zero grade (0) will change to -5.

Chapter 32: Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems

Read pgs. 920 – 945

Vocabularyp. 922 Vocab (11)p. 928 Vocab (8)p. 935 Vocab (7)

p. 927 #1bp. 933 #1bp. 939 #2b, 3a

Regents Reviewpgs. 942 – 945#1 - 28

Chapter 31: Nervous System

Read pgs. 894 - 919

Vocabularyp. 896 Vocab (11)p. 901 Vocab (8)p. 906 Vocab (3)p. 909 Vocab (10)

p. 900 #1b, 2a, 4p. 904 #2b 3p. 908 #2b

Regents Reviewpgs. 916 – 919#1 – 27

Chapter 34.1 & 34.2: Endocrine System

Read pgs. 978 – 987

p. 978 Vocab (5)p. 982 Vocab (8)

p. 981 #1b 3p. 987 #1c

Regents Review pgs. 1004 – 1007#6 – 11, 26 -27

TEST DATE: __________

Drug Use and AbuseA drug is any chemical substance, many of which are used as medicines or as ingredients in

medicines, that has an effect on the mind and/or body. Drugs affect the nervous system and alter a person's mood, emotions, and the way certain parts of the body function. Stimulants are drugs that produce a feeling of well-being, alertness, and excitement. Amphetamines and cocaine are examples of stimulants. Sedatives, depressants, and narcotics slow down the activities of the central nervous system. They may make people sleepy, relax the muscles, relieve anxiety, and impair judgment. Alcohol is an example of a common depressant. The depressant effect of alcohol is the cause of many deaths and injuries from automobile accidents. Hallucinogens ("mind-altering drugs"), such as LSD and marijuana, change the way people perceive things and impair their judgment and coordination.

Drug abuse is the deliberate taking of a drug for other than its prescribed medical use and/or the deliberate taking of a drug that damages people's health or their ability to live normal, productive lives.

PREVATENCE OF DRUG USE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL SENIORSThe chart below shows the percent of students who graduated from a U.S. high school in a recent year who used a variety of drugs during a 30-day period. Use the information given to answer the questions that follow.

1. What percent of the high school seniors in your region who graduated that year used marijuana?

2. Which three drugs were used most by students who planned to graduate from college?

3. Using the information in the table, complete a bar graph that shows the use of the following drugs among the high school seniors who graduated that year: tranquilizers, alcohol, nicotine (from cigarettes), stimulants, and marijuana. For each drug, prepare two bars, one for girls and the other for boys.

4. Which drugs did girls use more than boys?

Support and Locomotion

Why do organisms move? 1.

2.

3.

4.

Cell Locomotion: Name cell and Form of Locomotion

1. 2. 3.

Human Locomotion:Bones: hard mineral laden connective tissue.

1. ___________________ framework for internal organs and tissues.

2. Blood cells are produced in the ___________________.

3. ___________________ the internal organs.

4. Provides ___________________ for body movement.

5. ___________________ sites for muscle action.

6. The bones also __________ minerals.

Joints: the area where bones meet.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Cartilage: tough, fibrous, elastic connective tissue; usually found in joints and the ends of bones.(1) Pliable support (2) Flexibility of joints (3) Cushioning of joints (4) Cartilage makes up most of the embryo's skeleton. Most of this cartilage changes to bone by adulthood.

Ligaments:

Tendons:

Muscles: only body tissue able to contract; create movement by flexing and extending joints (flexor – extensor pairs); body energy converters (many muscle cells contain many mitochondria).

1. _________________: (involuntary) "viscera”; smooth in appearance, involuntary in action; slowly contracting but contractions are long in duration; lines blood vessels, alimentary canal, and body openings.

2. _________________: (voluntary, striated) voluntary in action; contain many striped long fibers called striations; found in association with skeletal bones; the nervous system interacts with skeletal muscles to produce motion

3. __________________: (involuntary striated) resembles skeletal muscle with lined appearance, but is involuntary; composes the hardest working muscle, the heart.

Violent muscle contractions require much oxygen. If oxygen is not available muscle fatigue will set in.

Muscle fatigue results from oxygen debt; __________ _________ accumulates in skeletal muscles rest restores the oxygen balance.

A is a __________________, it connects the bone at D to the muscle at B.

B is a __________________, muscle, bringing the appendage towards the body.

C is a __________________, it connects bones.

D is a __________________, the hardest of the connective tissues.

NERVOUS REGULATIONThe quick form of control and coordination.

1. _______________ - any change in the external or internal environment which initiates an impulse

2. _______________ - an organ designed to pick up stimuli

3. _______________ - a reaction to a stimulus

4. _______________ - any muscle or gland that causes a response

5. _______________ - nerve cell (specially designed for the transmission of impulses); the basic cellular unit of

the nervous system

6. _______________ - an electro-chemical charge generated along a neuron

THE NEURON

1 = dendrite = receptor protein2 = cyton (cell body)3 = axon (covered by myelin sheath)4 = terminal branches - ends of axons that secrete neurotransmitters

Synapse - gap between adjacent neurons (terminal branches of one neuron and the dendrites of the next) or the gap between neuron and effector

Neurotransmitter - chemical substance which starts the transmission of the nervous impulse How do neurotransmitters work to transmit the nervous impulse in humans? 1. A nervous impulse travels down an axon to the tips of a terminal branch. 2. The terminal branch secretes neurotransmitter into the synapse gap. 3. The neurotransmitter travels to the next neuron and causes depolarization of that neuron -- thus a new nervous impulse is started in the next neuron.

The human body has 3 different types of neurons.1.2.3.

Neurons may release chemicals to stimulate each other, or these chemicals may be released to stimulate a muscle or gland.  An example of a muscle being stimulated by a neuron appears after the reflex path pictured in number four in the diagram.

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous SystemMore complex animals have a central nervous system which includes a brain and a nerve cord. ______________ - a large mass of neurons located in the cranial cavity contains three major divisions

______________ - lies within, and is protected by, the vertebrae of the spinal column; is continuous with the

brain; coordinates activities between the brain and other body structures; it is also a center for reflex actions

cerebrum - center for voluntary activity interprets sensory impulses, initiates some motor activities, and responsible for memory, thinking and reasoning

cerebellum - coordinates motor activities and aids in maintaining balance

medulla - controls involuntary activities such as breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure and peristalsis (is part of the brain stem)

Peripheral Nervous System: is located outside the central nervous system and consists of nerves extending throughout the body

Somatic Nervous System -

Autonomic Nervous System -

Sympathetic NSParasympathetic NS

Diseases:1. _______________ - a disease resulting from a cerebral hemorrhage or a blood clot in a cerebral blood vessel blocking blood flow to part of the brain. -- may also result from a ruptured blood vessel. This may result in brain damage leading to partial or total paralysis.

2. _______________ - an inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Caused by bacteria or viruses. Headaches and extremely stiff neck. Can be fatal.

3. _______________ - birth disorders that cause a disturbance of motor neurons.

4. _______________ - viral disease that causes paralysis

Drugs:

1. _______________ - alcohol, morphine, heroin

2. _______________ - Cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine

3. _______________ - LSD, marijuana, ecstasy

Nervous System

1. What is the control center of the nervous system?

2. What is the pathway for impulses between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system?

3. Which part of the brain sends impulses to the autonomic nervous system during life-threatening emergencies?

4. If the parasympathetic system causes the wall of the urinary bladder to relax, what is the effect of the sympathetic system on the wall of the urinary bladder?

5. Describe the pathway of impulses through the nervous system in response to feeling rain on your skin?

1. What is the stimulus in drawing A?

2. Which type of neuron is initially activated by the stimulus in drawing A?

3. What happens if the stimulation of a neuron is not strong enough to reach a certain threshold level?

4. To which type of neuron in the brain a spinal cord is the stimulus transmitted to?

5. Which type of neuron carries the response impulse away from the brain and spinal cord?

6. What tissues are activated by a response to the stimulus?

7. Describe what occurs if the events shown in drawing D are kept from happening because of an illness, injury, or poisoning?

Endocrine Gland Hormone Function Disorder

HypothalamusPituitary

Stimulating Hormone

Pituitary Gland

Growth Hormone

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

(Thytropin)Follicle

Stimulating Hormone

Thyroid Thyroxin

Parathyroid Parathormone

Adrenal Glands Adrenalin (epinephrine)

Cortisol

Steroids

Islets of Langerhans

Insulin

Glucagon

Testes Testosterone

Ovaries Estrogen

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

BLOOD SUGAR REGULATION

1. What two factors influence blood sugar concentration?

2. Where is glucose converted into glycogen?

3. What triggers the production of sugar regulating hormones?

4. What is the function of insulin?

5. What is the function of glucagons?

6. Why is the pancreas considered both an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland?

7. Why would the doctor request that you fast for 12 hours before having blood drawn to determine blood

glucose levels?

Know the TermsMatch the word to the definition. Words may be used more than once.

a. adrenal b. autonomic c. ball and socket d. cerebellum e. cerebrumf. gliding g. hinge h. immovable i. medulla j. nerve k. neuron l. ovaries m. pancreas n. parathyroid o. pituitary p. pivot q. response r. stimulus s. spinal cord t. reflexu. testes v. thyroid

___ 1. Between vertebrae

___ 2. Elbow

___ 3. Hip

___ 4. Cranium

___ 5. Reaction to a stimulus

___ 6. Part of the nervous system not under voluntary control

___ 7. The largest part of the human brain

___ 8. Bundle of neurons

___ 9. Trunk of nerves coming from the brain

___ 10. Factor that causes a response

___ 11. Part of the brain located below the rear part of the cerebrum

___ 12. Involuntary, automatic response

___ 13. Part of the brain beneath the cerebellum and continuous with the spinal cord

___ 14. Individual nerve cell

___ 15. Produces follicle-stimulating hormone

___ 16. Produces adrenalin

___ 17. Produces glucagon

___ 18. Produces insulin

___ 19. Produces cortisol

___ 20. Produces parathormone

___ 21. Produces thyroxine

___ 22. Produces estrogens

___ 23. Produces luteinizing hormone

___ 24. Produces androgens

Use words to fill in the paragraphs.

neuron nervous system dendrite axon effector receptorsmotor nerve synapse threshold brain myelin refractory periodstimulus neurotransmitter ganglion

The ____________________(1) provides an organism with a means of rapid response to a ____________________(2).

Structures that detect these sensations are called ____________________(3). If these sensations are strong enough to be above a

certain level, or ____________________(4), they initiate an electrical impulse that travels through a cell, called

____________________(5). Bundles of these cells make up a/an ____________________(6). Impulses enter a nerve cell known as

a/an ___________________ (7), proceed across the body of the cell, and travel down the ____________________(8).

When an impulse gets to the end of a nerve cell it must cross a gap, or ____________________(9). This is accomplished

through the release of a ____________________(10), such as acetylcholine. The time required for a nerve cell to set up for the next

impulse is known as the ____________________(11).

In most animals, the accumulation of nerve tissue that coordinates nervous activity is known as the

____________________(12). After it deciphers incoming impulses, it may send impulses out to a ____________________(13)

neuron, which leads to a/an ____________________(14) . The structure, which is either a gland or a muscle, will respond to the

impulse.

Understanding the ConceptsAnswer each question with your knowledge of biology.

1. Why are the biceps and triceps an antagonistic pair?

2. Distinguish between voluntary and involuntary muscle.

3. Distinguish between cartilage and bone.

4. What does an exoskeleton do for a grasshopper?

5. What is the purpose of a nervous system?

6. What are the two types of effectors and how does each respond to stimuli?

7. Explain the structure of a reflex arc.

8. What would happen if a nerve in the spinal cord was severed?

9. Why do you think the brain requires 20 percent of the body's blood supply?

10. How are the nervous system and the endocrine system similar?

11. How are the nervous system and endocrine system different in the manner of functioning?

12. Why are endocrine glands called ductless glands?

13. How are hormone secretions regulated?

Choose the best answer and write it on the blank.

a. cilia b. effector c. flagella d. irritabilitye. receptor f. setae g. somersaulting h. stimulus

___ 1. method of movement in the earthworm

___ 2. method of movement in the paramecium

___ 3. specialized structure that responds to the commands of the nervous system

___ 4. sense organs sensitive to changes both inside and outside the organism

___ 5. cell's ability to respond to its environment

___ 6. What type of joint is formed at the elbow?a. ball and socket b. hinge c. gliding d. pivot

___ 7. Which of the following statements about the human skeletal system is INCORRECT?a. it contains over 200 bones.b. it consists of axial and appendicular portions.c. it is an exoskeleton.d. it has many joints cushioned by cartilage.

Use the 3 choices to answer questions 8 – 10.l. Skeletal (striated) ll. Cardiac lll. Smooth

___ 8. Which muscle tissue is under involuntary control?a. I b. Il c. l and ll d. ll and lll

___ 9. Which muscle tissue is found in the walls of arteries and veins?a. I b. lll c. I and Il d. I and lll

___ 10. Which muscle tissue is responsible for voluntary movement in organisms?a. I b. ll c. lll d. I and ll

___ 11. Antagonistic muscles that bend and straighten joints are called, respectively,a. flexor and extensorb. involuntary and voluntaryc. striated and smoothd. skeletal and axial

___ 12. The grasshopper has musclesa. but they do not work antagonisticallyb. for flightc. but none are flexors

d. that connect directly to the wings

___ 13. Which is NOT a function of bone in the human skeletal system?a. storage place for mineralsb. production of plateletsc. serve as levers for moveable body partsd. protection of organs

___ 14. The periosteum a. covers the entire outside of a boneb. makes new bone for growth and repairc. contains blood vessels but does not contain nervesd. is composed of compact and spongy tissue

___ 15. The scapula and clavicle are part of thea. pectoral girdle c. pelvic girdleb. axial skeleton d. 33 vertebrae

___ 16. Myosin and actin make upa. osteoblasts c. myofibrilsb. collagen d. red marrow

___ 17. Cartilage differs from bone in that cartilagea. is a type o{ connective tissue but bone is notb. is rigid but bone is notc. is found in children but not in adultsd. makes up most of the skeleton of embryos

___ 18. Tendons connecta. skeletal muscles to bone b. muscles to ligamentsc. ligaments to bone d. smooth muscles to bones

___ 19. An axon, dendrite, and cell body are the major parts of aa. nerve b. neuron c. stimulus d. cyton

___ 20. What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system?a. nerve b. neuron c. ganglion d. brain

Use the diagram to answer questions 21 – 27.

___ 21. Which structure is the motor neuron?a.1 b. 4 c.7 d. B

___ 22. Where is an impulse transmitted by neurotransmitters?a.2 b.5 c.6 d.8

___ 23. Which structure insulates the neuron?a. 1 b.2 c.3 d.9

___ 24. Which structure is the type of neuron that makes up most of the nervous system?a. 1 b.4 c.7 d.8

___ 25. Which structure is the motor end plate?a,2 b.3 c.5 d.8

___ 26. What two structures carry impulses away from the cell bodies?a.1 and 2 b.4 and 5c.7 d. 8

___ 27. What is the CORRECT sequence for impulse transmission?a. 1, 9, 7, and 8 b. 1, 8, 7, and 4c. 3, 4, 7, and 1 d. 4, 7, 8, and 1

___ 28. Which of the following function as effectors?a. eyes and earsb. muscles and glandsc. brain and spinal cord

d. skeleton and sensory neurons

___ 29. Nerve impulsesa. pass through the cytoplasm of neuronsb. are transmitted only along the cell membranec. are usually found in unicellular organismsd. are called synapses

___ 30. Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are examples ofa. neurotransmitters b. depressantsc. poisonous drugs d. stimulants___ 31. Which of the following statements about axons is NOT true?a. They can often be surrounded by Schwann cells.b. They are usually long, thin fibers.c. They range in length from a few micrometers to more than a meter.d. They carry impulses toward the cell body.

___ 32. What is the primary function of the white, fatty myelin sheath often associated with neurons?a. insulates the neuron by preventing ion flowb. provides energy for the action potentialc. carries electrical impulses to adjacent neuronsd. limits transmission at the synapses by isolating the membranes

___ 33. Dendritesa. usually carry impulses away from the cell bodyb. are long, highly branched fibersc. are parts of neuronsd. are surrounded by Schwann cells

___ 34. The central nervous system includes all of the following EXCEPTa. brain b. spinal cord c. axons and motor neurons d. interneurons

___ 35. Nerve impulses from the eyes and ears are received and interpreted in thea. hypothalamus b. cortex c. cerebrum d. pons

___ 36. The blind spot in the human eye isa. an area of rods onlyb. filled with vitreous humorc. in front of the irisd. where the optic nerve is attached

___ 37. A reflex arc begins with an impulse through aa. motor neuron c. sensory neuronb. cranial nerve d. parasympathetic nerve

___ 38. The brain's own pain-relieving chemicals are calleda. morphines b. acetylcholinesc. norepinephrines d. endorphins

___ 39. The sympathetic and parasympathetic systemsa. only affect the heartb. are antagonistic to one anotherc. are found only in humansd. constitute part of the somatic nervous system

___ 40. Remembering a phone number only long enough to dial it is an example ofa. sudden memory b. momentary memoryc. short-term memory d. long-term memory

___ 41. In humans, 31 pairs and 12 pairs refer respectively toa. cranial nerves and spinal nervesb. spinal nerves and cranial nervesc. cranial nerves and peripheral nervesd. peripheral nerves and spinal nerves

Use the diagram to answer questions 42 - 47.

___ 42. Which structure serves as a relay system that links the spinal cord, medulla, cerebellum, and cerebrum?a.1 b.4 c.5 d.6

___ 43. Which structure of the human brain is larger than that of other vertebrates?a. 1 b.2 c.6 d.7

___ 44. What structure is involved in the endocrine system and in the control of body temperature, blood pressure, sleep, and emotions?a. 1 b.2 c.6 d.7

___ 45. What structure functions as a relay center and may be involved in the perception of pain and the maintenance of consciousness?a. 1 b.5 c.6 d.7

___ 46. Damage to which structure can result in a loss of coordination?a.2 b.5 c.6 d.7

___ 47. When a person is unconscious, which structure continues to control breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, and coughing? a. 1 b.2 c.3 d.4

___ 48. Which of the following is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland?a. thyroid b. adrenalc. mammary d. pancreas

___ 49. The pituitary gland isa. the source of androgensb. regulated by the hypothalamusc. the source of releasing hormonesd. located in the abdominal cavity

Use the diagram to answer questions 50 – 55.

___ 50. Which gland is responsible for the secretion of cortisol?a.1 b.2 c.5 d.6

___ 51. What gland secretes hormones that stimulate the thyroid gland to secrete its hormones?a. 1 b.2 c.5 d.6

___ 52. Which gland secretes a hormone that releases calcium from bone?a.2 b. 3 c.5 d.8

___ 53. Which gland secretes a hormone that causes contractions of the smooth muscle of the uterus?a.2 b. 6 c.7 d. 9

___ 54. Which glands act together in the regulation of cell metabolism?a. 1, 2, and 8 b. 2, 4, and 6c. 3, 5, and 7 d. 6, 8, and 9

___ 55. Which glands produce hormones that affect kidney function?a.1 and 4 b.1 and 7 c.2 and 5 d.4 and 6

___ 56. Endocrine glands lacka. tissues b. secretions c. ducts d. water

___ 57. Alcohol inhibits the release of vasopressin (ADH). What will happen with this inhibition? a. increased urination b. follicle stimulation c. decreased metabolism d. release of calcium

___ 58. Oxytocin is released by thea. adrenal glands during an emergencyb. gonads during sexual developmentc. thymus gland during an illnessd. posterior pituitary during childbirth

___ 59. Endocrine glandsa. secrete their hormones at a constant rateb. are not regulated by feedbackc. are usually regulated by negative feedback

d. do not affect the digestive system

___ 60. Which disorder is often associated with steroid misuse? a. high blood pressure b. liver disorderc. kidney disorder d. all of these are possible disorders

___ 68. A hyposecretion of a hormonea. is an excess of the hormone b. is a deficiency of the hormonec. rarely causes a disorder of the body d. never causes diseases

___ 69. In the islets of Langerhans, alpha cells and beta cells secrete which hormones respectively?a. glucose and glycogenb. calcitonin and parathormonec. epinephrene and norepinephrined. glucagon and insulin

___ 61. Communication between cells is affected if there is decreased ability to producea. digestive enzymes and gametesb. antibodies and chloroplastsc. hormones and nerve impulsesd. antibiotics and guard cells

___ 62. During a race, the body temperature of a runner increases. The runner responds by perspiring, which lowers body temperature. This process is an example ofa. maintenance of homeostasisb. an acquired characteristicc. environmental factors affecting phenotyped. an antigen-antibody reaction

___ 63. The diagram shows a specialized cell. This type of cell transmits electrochemical signals known as

a. responses b. stimuli c. dendrites d. impulses

___ 64. Which structures secrete hormones that influence proper bone structure and development?a. pituitary and parathyroidb. thyroid and adrenal cortexc. ovaries and testesd. hypothalamus and islets of Langerhans

___ 65. Which hormone stimulates the release of sugar from the liver into the blood?a. Parathormone b. Insulinc. Glucagon d. FSH

___ 66. Which substances are secreted at the endings of nerve cells?a. Antibodies b. Antigens

c. Neurotransmitters d. Lipids

___ 67. A hawk sees a field mouse, which it then captures for food. In this activity, the eyes of the hawk function asa. Effectors b. Receptorsc. Stimuli d. Neurotransmitters

___ 70. Three types of skin receptors are represented in the diagram shown. Structure X is most likely

a. a sensory nerve b. a ganglionc. an effector d. a tympanum

___ 71. Which substances most directly regulate the biological process represented in the diagram?

a. hormones b. vitaminsc. auxins d. minerals

___ 72. A portion of a reflex arc is represented in the diagram. The function of structure A is to

a. synthesize neurotransmittersb. detect changes in the external environmentc. carry messages away from the central nervous systemd. directly initiate an impulse in an effector

___ 73. A similarity between the nervous system and the endocrine system in humans is that they botha. are composed of neuronsb. are composed of glandsc. maintain homeostasisd. secrete chemicals across synapses

___ 74. The following photograph shows tissue from a human spinal cord in the higher-power field of a compound light microscope. The cell indicated by the pointer would most likely be involved in

a. producing visual imagesb. thought processesc. reflex actionsd. remembering past experiences

___ 75. Which statement best describes the chemical substances secreted by endocrine glands?a. They are secreted in one place and most often act at another.b. They are distributed by the nervous systemc. They are found only in vertebrates.d. They are secreted into specialized ducts for transport.

___ 76. Some structures in the human arm are shown in the diagram. A ligament is represented by the structure labeled

a. A b. B c. C d. D

___ 77. If a motor neuron involved in a reflex arc is damaged, which event in that arc is least likely to occur?

a. contraction of a muscleb. stimulation of an interneuronc. reception of a stronger stimulus by the sense organd. secretion of a neurotransmitter by the sensory neuron

Use the chart for questions 78 and 79. Individual A and individual B drank an equal amount of glucose solution. Every half hour for the next 4 hours, the glucose level in their blood was measured. Normal glucose level is 80-100 mg/100dL.

___ 78. The information in the table indicates that individual B has a condition that is most likely due to the malfunction of.a. Testes b. Parathyroidc. Islets of Langerhans d. Ovaries

___ 79. The information in the table indicates that individual A produces enough.a. Insulinb. follicle-stimulating hormonec. growth-stimulating hormone d. parathormone

___ 80. A drastic change in the metabolic rate of a human would most likely result from thea. oversecretion of the salivary glandsb. overproduction of auxinsc. deterioration of the skeletal systemd. malfunction of the endocrine glands

___ 81. In multicellular organisms, cells must be able to communicate with each other. Structures that enable most cells to communicate with each other are known asa. pathogenic agentsb. chloroplastsc. antibiotics

d. receptor molecules

___ 82. Cells within this gland, which is part of the central nervous system, produce several hormones that affect the functioning of the pituitary gland.a. Adrenal b. Pancreasc. Parathyroid d. Hypothalamus

___ 83. The diagram shown represents the actions of two hormones in the human body.

This diagram best illustratesa. recombination b. feedbackc. synapsis d. dehydration synthesis

Use the following diagram of the female endocrine system for questions 84 – 86.

___ 84. A hormone that increases the rate and strength of heart contractions during times of sudden stress is secreted bya. A b. E c. F d. D

___ 85. Hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle are secreted by

a. A and D b. B and Fc. C and E d. F and A

___ 86. An iodine-containing hormone that aids in the regulation of metabolic rate is secreted bya. E b. B c. C d. F

___ 87. A bleeding in the brain may result ina. a stroke b. gout c. polio d. meningitis

___ 88. Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the central nervous systema. Stroke b. Polio c. Cerebral palsy d. Meningitis

___ 89. Pituitary growth hormone can affect cells in various parts of the human body because the hormone is secreted directly intoa. glandular ducts b. muscle tissuec. the bloodstream d. the digestive tract