NAME:
TEST DATE: __________
Regents Biology
Homework Packet
Unit 15 & 16: Support and Locomotion & Nervous and Endocrine Regulation
Use your Biology by Miller & Levine textbook to complete and help with the following homework assignments.
(1) Read the assigned pages, (2) Define the vocabulary, and (3) Answer the questions.
Neatness counts. Number the definitions. Write the page and number of the questions. Do your work in ink or even type the homework. Staple the definitions and questions to the HW packet.
The homework assignment is due the day before the test. We will use the HW packet as a test review. The completed and corrected HW packet will be collected on the day of the test. Late homework assignments receive no credit (0). If the assignment is not turned in by the last day of the quarter the zero grade (0) will change to -5.
Chapter 32: Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems
Read pgs. 920 945
Vocabulary
p. 922 Vocab (11)
p. 928 Vocab (8)
p. 935 Vocab (7)
p. 927 #1b
p. 933 #1b
p. 939 #2b, 3a
Regents Review
pgs. 942 945
#1 - 28
Chapter 31: Nervous System
Read pgs. 894 - 919
Vocabulary
p. 896 Vocab (11)
p. 901 Vocab (8)
p. 906 Vocab (3)
p. 909 Vocab (10)
p. 900 #1b, 2a, 4
p. 904 #2b 3
p. 908 #2b
Regents Review
pgs. 916 919
#1 27
Chapter 34.1 & 34.2: Endocrine System
Read pgs. 978 987
p. 978 Vocab (5)
p. 982 Vocab (8)
p. 981 #1b 3
p. 987 #1c
Regents Review
pgs. 1004 1007
#6 11, 26 -27
Drug Use and Abuse
A drug is any chemical substance, many of which are used as medicines or as ingredients in medicines, that has an effect on the mind and/or body. Drugs affect the nervous system and alter a person's mood, emotions, and the way certain parts of the body function. Stimulants are drugs that produce a feeling of well-being, alertness, and excitement. Amphetamines and cocaine are examples of stimulants. Sedatives, depressants, and narcotics slow down the activities of the central nervous system. They may make people sleepy, relax the muscles, relieve anxiety, and impair judgment. Alcohol is an example of a common depressant. The depressant effect of alcohol is the cause of many deaths and injuries from automobile accidents. Hallucinogens ("mind-altering drugs"), such as LSD and marijuana, change the way people perceive things and impair their judgment and coordination.
Drug abuse is the deliberate taking of a drug for other than its prescribed medical use and/or the deliberate taking of a drug that damages people's health or their ability to live normal, productive lives.
PREVATENCE OF DRUG USE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL SENIORS
The chart below shows the percent of students who graduated from a U.S. high school in a recent year who used a variety of drugs during a 30-day period. Use the information given to answer the questions that follow.
1. What percent of the high school seniors in your region who graduated that year used marijuana?
2. Which three drugs were used most by students who planned to graduate from college?
3. Using the information in the table, complete a bar graph that shows the use of the following drugs among the high school seniors who graduated that year: tranquilizers, alcohol, nicotine (from cigarettes), stimulants, and marijuana. For each drug, prepare two bars, one for girls and the other for boys.
4. Which drugs did girls use more than boys?
Support and Locomotion
Why do organisms move?
1. 2. 3. 4.
Cell Locomotion: Name cell and Form of Locomotion
1.2.3.
Human Locomotion:
Bones: hard mineral laden connective tissue.
1. ___________________ framework for internal organs and tissues.
2. Blood cells are produced in the ___________________.
3. ___________________ the internal organs.
4. Provides ___________________ for body movement.
5. ___________________ sites for muscle action.
6. The bones also __________ minerals.
Joints: the area where bones meet.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cartilage: tough, fibrous, elastic connective tissue; usually found in joints and the ends of bones.
(1) Pliable support (2) Flexibility of joints (3) Cushioning of joints (4) Cartilage makes up most of the embryo's skeleton. Most of this cartilage changes to bone by adulthood.
Ligaments:
Tendons:
Muscles: only body tissue able to contract; create movement by flexing and extending joints (flexor extensor pairs); body energy converters (many muscle cells contain many mitochondria).
1. _________________: (involuntary) "viscera; smooth in appearance, involuntary in action; slowly contracting but contractions are long in duration; lines blood vessels, alimentary canal, and body openings.
2. _________________: (voluntary, striated) voluntary in action; contain many striped long fibers called striations; found in association with skeletal bones; the nervous system interacts with skeletal muscles to produce motion
3. __________________: (involuntary striated) resembles skeletal muscle with lined appearance, but is involuntary; composes the hardest working muscle, the heart.
Violent muscle contractions require much oxygen. If oxygen is not available muscle fatigue will set in.
Muscle fatigue results from oxygen debt; __________ _________ accumulates in skeletal muscles rest restores the oxygen balance.
A is a __________________, it connects the bone at D to the muscle at B.
B is a __________________, muscle, bringing the appendage towards the body.
C is a __________________, it connects bones.
D is a __________________, the hardest of the connective tissues.
NERVOUS REGULATION
The quick form of control and coordination.
1. _______________ - any change in the external or internal environment which initiates an impulse
2. _______________ - an organ designed to pick up stimuli
3. _______________ - a reaction to a stimulus
4. _______________ - any muscle or gland that causes a response
5. _______________ - nerve cell (specially designed for the transmission of impulses); the basic cellular unit of the nervous system
6. _______________ - an electro-chemical charge generated along a neuron
THE NEURON
1 = dendrite = receptor protein
2 = cyton (cell body)
3 = axon (covered by myelin sheath)
4 = terminal branches - ends of axons that secrete neurotransmitters
Synapse - gap between adjacent neurons (terminal branches of one neuron and the dendrites of the next) or the gap between neuron and effector
Neurotransmitter - chemical substance which starts the transmission of the nervous impulse
How do neurotransmitters work to transmit the nervous impulse in humans?
1. A nervous impulse travels down an axon to the tips of a terminal branch.
2. The terminal branch secretes neurotransmitter into the synapse gap.
3. The neurotransmitter travels to the next neuron and causes depolarization of that
neuron -- thus a new nervous impulse is started in the next neuron.
The human body has 3 different types of neurons.
1.
2.
3.
Neurons may release chemicals to stimulate each other, or these chemicals may be released to stimulate a muscle or gland. An example of a muscle being stimulated by a neuron appears after the reflex path pictured in number four in the diagram.
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
More complex animals have a central nervous system which includes a brain and a nerve cord.
______________ - a large mass of neurons located in the cranial cavity contains three major divisions
______________ - lies within, and is protected by, the vertebrae of the spinal column; is continuous with the brain; coordinates activities between the brain and other body structures; it is also a center for reflex actions
cerebrum - center for voluntary activity interprets sensory impulses, initiates some motor activities, and responsible for memory,thinking and reasoning
cerebellum - coordinates motor activities and aids in maintaining balance
medulla - controls involuntary activities such as breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure and peristalsis (is part of the brain stem)
Peripheral Nervous System: is located outside the central nervous system and consists of nerves extending throughout the body
Somatic Nervous System -
Autonomic Nervous System -
Sympathetic NS
Parasympathetic NS
Diseases:
1. _______________ - a disease resulting from a cerebral hemorrhage or a blood clot in a cerebral blood vessel blocking blood flow to part of the brain. -- may also result from a ruptured blood vessel. This may result in brain damage leading to partial or total paralysis.
2. _______________ - an inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Caused by bacteria or viruses. Headaches and extremely stiff neck. Can be fatal.
3. _______________ - birth disorders that cause a disturbance of motor neurons.
4. _______________ - viral disease that causes paralysis
Drugs:
1. _______________ - alcohol, morphine, heroin
2. _______________ - Cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine
3. _______________ - LSD, marijuana, ecstasy
Nervous System
1. Wh
