ROUND 1TOSS-UP

1) BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the most common term for the substance recognized as

foreign and able to elicit antibody production:

ANSWER: ANTIGEN

BONUS1) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice

Mendel succeeded in forming the basis of modern hereditary theory in part because of his training:

W) as a printer of rare and scientific documentsX) in calligraphy of scientific manuscripts for the Royal Austrian Science SocietyY) in probability and mathematicsZ) as a scientific apostolic nuncio

ANSWER: Y) IN PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICS

TOSS-UP9) BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the most common scientific term for plant water loss throughstomata:ANSWER: TRANSPIRATION

BONUS9) BIOLOGY Short Answer What are the four main human blood types?ANSWER: O, A, B, AND AB (accept in any order)

TOSS-UP17) BIOLOGY Short Answer The spines of cacti are a modification of what plant structure?ANSWER: LEAF (ACCEPT: LEAVES)

BONUS17) BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the most common biochemical term for the degradativephases of metabolism?ANSWER: CATABOLISM

TOSS-UP23) BIOLOGY Short Answer To prepare a tincture of iodine the iodine is mixed in what generaltype of solvent?ANSWER: ALCOHOL

BONUS23) BIOLOGY Short Answer What person, in 1676, reported to the Royal Society of London the

first known observations of protozoans?ANSWER: ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK (ACCEPT: LEEUWENHOEK)

TOSS-UP3) BIOLOGY Short Answer Biologists usually refer to the head of a tapeworm by what name?ANSWER: SCOLEX

BONUS3) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice What is the joint that is formed by the articulation of the tibia,fibula, and femur:W) wristX) kneeY) elbowZ) ankleANSWER: X) KNEE

TOSS-UP11) BIOLOGY Short Answer Where is intercellular fluid normally found?ANSWER: OUTSIDE OF CELLS (ACCEPT: IN BETWEEN CELLS OR IN THEINTERSTITIUM)

BONUS11) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Koch’s (read as: Coke’s) Postulates have to do mainly with whichof the following:W) culturing of virusesX) causative agents of viral diseasesY) proving what bacterial agents cause what diseasesZ) how to prove that a certain gene causes a certain diseaseANSWER: Y) PROVING WHAT BACTERIAL AGENTS CAUSE WHAT DISEASES

TOSS-UP19) BIOLOGY Short Answer The stigma, style, and ovary make up what part of a plant?ANSWER: CARPEL (ACCEPT: PISTIL)

BONUS19) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments areintegral components of what basic infrastructure of a eukaryotic cell?W) flagellaX) cilliaY) cytoskeletonZ) cell wallANSWER: Y) CYTOSKELETON

TOSS-UP

25) BIOLOGY Short Answer In an autologous tissue transplant, from whom does the personreceive the tissue?ANSWER: THEMSELVESBONUS25) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice The margin of an ash tree leaf would most generally be called:W) dividedX) entireY) serrateZ) lacerateANSWER: Y) SERRATE

TOSS-UP2) BIOLOGY Short Answer Give the genus and species name for the first bacterium shown to bethe cause of a disease:ANSWER: BACILLUS ANTHRACIS

BONUS2) BIOLOGY Short Answer In the late 1800’s, who was the first person to isolate and grownumerous pathogenic Monerans?ANSWER: ROBERT KOCH

TOSS-UP10) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following Orders does NOT belong to the ClassInsecta:W) LepidopteraX) DipteraY) IsopteraZ) ChelicerataANSWER: Z) CHELICERATA

BONUS10) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by bacteria:W) strep throatX) toxic shock syndromeY) scarlet feverZ) influenzaANSWER: Z) INFLUENZA

TOSS-UP18) BIOLOGY Short Answer One species benefits while the other is unaffected is mostspecifically an example of what symbiotic relationship?ANSWER: COMMENSALISM

BONUS

18) BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the term for the epidermal rupture in cork cells, common tothe birch tree, that allows air to diffuse trough the bark?ANSWER: LENTICEL

TOSS-UP24) BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the anatomical term for movement of a bone that results in adecrease in the angle of a joint, bringing bones together?ANSWER: FLEXION

BONUS24) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following trees does NOT have simple, toothedleaves:W) Quaking AspenX) Eastern CottonwoodY) White BirchZ) Yellow BuckeyeANSWER: Z) YELLOW BUCKEYE

TOSS-UP3) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following organisms does NOT belong to the ClassArachnida:W) scorpionsX) lobstersY) mitesZ) ticksANSWER: X) LOBSTERS

BONUS3) BIOLOGY Short Answer What anatomical structure is responsible for the various colors of eyesin humans?ANSWER: IRIS

TOSS-UP11) BIOLOGY Short Answer Which is the more common specific name for thepolymorphonuclear (read as: poly-morph-oh-nuclear) leukocyte?ANSWER: NEUTROPHIL (ACCEPT: PMN)

BONUS11) BIOLOGY Short Answer Tobacco, jimsonweed, belladonna, and tomatoes all belong to whatfamily of plants?ANSWER: NIGHTSHADE (ACCEPT: SOLANACEAE)

TOSS-UP19) BIOLOGY Short Answer What section of the brain is sometimes referred to as the body’sthermostat?ANSWER: HYPOTHALAMUS

BONUS19) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Removal of a predatory starfish results in an overabundance ofmollusks dramatically altering the community population. The starfish would be considered:W) a keystone speciesX) primary competitorY) secondary producerZ) an endangered speciesANSWER: W) A KEYSTONE SPECIES

TOSS-UP25) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is a feeding structure in arachnids :W) dentipalpsX) radulaY) proboscisZ) chelicerae (read as: chill-iss-err-aye)ANSWER: Z) CHELICERAE

BONUS25) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a cranial bone:W) parietalX) occipitalY) sphenoidZ) lacrimalANSWER: Z) LACRIMAL(Solution: Lacrimal is a facial bone)

ROUND 5TOSS-UP1) BIOLOGY Short Answer Bacteria that can oxidize inorganic substances for energy are called:ANSWER: CHEMOAUTOTROPHS (ACCEPT: CHEMOTROPHS, CHEMOSYNTHETICS, ORCHEMOLITHOTROPHS)

BONUS1) BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the common botanical term for the response a cell or plant hastowards or away from a stimulus?ANSWER: TAXIS

TOSS-UP

9) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Animals that produce eggs that develop and hatch outside of thebody are called:W) viviparous (pronounced: viv-IP-a-rous)X) ovoviviparous (pronounced: oh-voe-viv-IP-a-rous)Y) oviparous (pronounced: oh-VIP-a-rous)Z) parityANSWER: Y) OVIPAROUS

BONUS9) BIOLOGY Short Answer Cherries, plums, and peaches belong to what genus?ANSWER: PRUNUS

TOSS-UP17) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following trees has a distinctive variegated bark witha leopard-like pattern of light and dark greens?W) American SycamoreX) LindenY) Manchurian MapleZ) PersimmonANSWER: W) AMERICAN SYCAMORE

BONUS17) BIOLOGY Short Answer According to the classical taxonomical system, order the followingfrom the most general taxonomic group to the most specific group: order, genus, kingdom, class,family, speciesANSWER: KINGDOM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES

TOSS-UP23) BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the most common name for the horizontal enlarged stem ofSolanum tuberosum?ANSWER: POTATO (ACCEPT: TUBER)

BONUS23) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following biomes is NOT properly matched with itsdescription:W) tundra has extreme cold and presence of permafrostX) taiga has moderately wet summers and long cold wintersY) chaparral has hot wet summers and moderate dry wintersZ) temperate grasslands have occasional droughts with warm summers and cool to cold wintersANSWER: Y) CHAPARRAL HAS HOT WET SUMMERS AND MODERATE DRY WINTERS

ROUND 6TOSS-UP

1) BIOLOGY Short Answer What common organic molecule is made of an adenine residue, aribose sugar, and three phosphates:ANSWER: ATP (ACCEPT: ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE)BONUS1) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Transfer RNA charged with an amino acid is most accuratelycalled:W) a nascent tRNAX) a tRNA with an amino acid attachedY) an amino acyl tRNAZ) t-primed RNAANSWER: Y) AN AMINO ACYL tRNA

TOSS-UP9) BIOLOGY Short Answer The oval window is directly stimulated by the vibrations of whatbone?ANSWER: STAPES

BONUS9) BIOLOGY Short Answer Hair is mostly composed of what protein?ANSWER: KERATIN

TOSS-UP17) BIOLOGY Short Answer In what specific part of the uterus does implantation normally occur?ANSWER: ENDOMETRIUM

BONUS17) BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the most common name for a molecule of glycerol with allthree hydroxyl groups esterified to fatty acids?ANSWER: TRIGLYCERIDE

TOSS-UP23) BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the predominant immunoglobulin class found in humantears?ANSWER: IgA

BONUS23) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following vitamins is NOT properly matched withone of its major symptoms of deficiency:W) vitamin C and bleeding of gumsX) vitamin D and poor bone structureY) vitamin A and night blindnessZ) vitamin B-1 and pellagraANSWER: Z) VITAMIN B-1 AND PELLAGRA

TOSS-UP3) BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the substrate for which catalase has the greatest affinity?ANSWER: HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (ACCEPT: H2O2)

BONUS3) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following kinds of microscopy will most commonlyemploy freeze fracture preparation of tissue specimens:W) bright field microscopyX) scanning electron microscopyY) Normarsky microscopyZ) transmission electron microscopyANSWER: X) SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

TOSS-UP11) BIOLOGY Short Answer What scientist in 1936, building on the discoveries of Szent-Gyorgyi,(Pronounced: SENT- GEE-or-gee) postulated the basic reactions of the tricarboxylic (read as: tri-carbox-ill-ick)acid cycle?ANSWER: KREBS

BONUS11) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice At which of the following wavelengths will photosynthesis in aspinach plant be greatest:W) 475 nanometersX) 550 nanometersY) 600 nanometersZ) 750 nanometersANSWER: W) 475 NANOMETERS

TOSS-UP19) BIOLOGY Short Answer A nucleosome is composed of what general class of proteins?ANSWER: HISTONES

BONUS19) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice In the cloning of plants such as orchids, the most desirable tissueto begin culturing in vitro is:W) radial cambiumX) shoot meristematic tissueY) amyloplastsZ) stem internodesANSWER: X) SHOOT MERISTEMATIC TISSUE

TOSS-UP

25) BIOLOGY Short Answer Which germ layer in mammals is predominantly responsible for thegut lining and digestive glands?ANSWER: ENDODERMBONUS25) BIOLOGY Short Answer Shistosomia mansoni is to shistosomiasis as Trypanasoma cruzi(Pronounced as TRY-pana –soma CREW-zeye) is to:ANSWER: CHAGAS’ DISEASE

TOSS-UP3) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice When the color of an organism alerts predators to stay away it istechnically referred to as:W) aposematic colorationX) homological colorationY) analogous colorationZ) camouflage colorationANSWER: W) APOSEMATIC COLORATION

BONUS3) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a hexose:W) mannoseX) glucoseY) fructoseZ) xylulose (pronounced: zyle-YOU-lows)ANSWER: Z) XYLULOSE

TOSS-UP11) BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the predominant immunoglobulin class found in humansaliva?ANSWER: IgA

BONUS11) BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the common name for the part of a compound lightmicroscope that functions to converge a light source so that it passes through the specimen:ANSWER: CONDENSER

TOSS-UP19) BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the name for the group of muscles that stabilize the shoulderjoint by holding the head of the humerus in its socket?ANSWER: ROTATOR CUFF

BONUS19) BIOLOGY Short Answer The “one gene one enzyme” rule proposed by Beadle and Tatumwas mostly based upon their work with what genus of organisms?

ANSWER: NEUROSPORA

TOSS-UP25) BIOLOGY Short Answer In bacterial transference of genes, what is the term for when nakedDNA enters the cell from the surroundings:ANSWER: TRANSDUCTION

BONUS25) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is the type of plant leaf that lacks apalisade and spongy mesophyll:W) common crabgrassX) dandelionY) apple treeZ) lotus plantANSWER: W) COMMON CRABGRASS

TOSS-UP3) BIOLOGY Short Answer What gland in humans is the primary producer of melatonin?ANSWER: PINEAL GLAND

BONUS3) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice An example of negative feedback control is when:W) thyroid hormone interrupts the stimulation of the thyroid by TSHX) the initial enzyme of a metabolic pathway inhibits a later reactionY) FSH inhibits progesterone production by the corpus luteumZ) the initial product of a metabolic pathway inhibits the next reactionANSWER: W) THYROID HORMONE INTERRUPTS THE STIMULATION OF THETHYROID BY TSH

TOSS-UP11) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a Rickettsial disease:W) Q feverX) Scrub TyphusY) Rocky Mountain Spotted FeverZ) Relapsing feverANSWER: Z) RELAPSING FEVER

BONUS11) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following vegetations is NOT properly matched withits location:W) boreal coniferous forest and Midwestern CanadaX) rain forest and the Olympic National ForestY) Saguaro desert and the Southwestern USZ) Taiga and the Northeastern US

ANSWER: Z) TAIGA AND THE NORTHEASTERN US

TOSS-UP19) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is a member of the Hirudinea:(pronounced: high-rue-DIN-E-A)W) earthwormX) centipedeY) leechZ) chelicerae (read as: chell-IS-err-aye)ANSWER: Y) LEECH

BONUS19) BIOLOGY Short Answer When successive beats of the heart result in an increased enddiastolicvolume leading to optimal sarcomere length for strength of contraction, it is mostcommonly referred to by the name of what law:ANSWER: THE FRANK-STARLING LAW

TOSS-UP25) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following genera of plants contains a species thattraps and digests insects:W) UlmusX) Nepenthes (pronounced: neh-PEN-thes)Y) Lupinus (pronounced : lew-PIE-nus)Z) Psilotum (pronounced : sill-O-tum)ANSWER: X) NEPENTHES

BONUS25) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Thallassemia (pronounced: thal-ah-SEE-me-ah) and MarfanSyndrome are both which of the following types of diseases:W) virus-related diseasesX) bacteria-related diseasesY) toxic-exposure diseasesZ) inherited disordersANSWER: Z) INHERITED DISORDERS

TOSS-UP2) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice In microbiology, a standard method of obtaining a pure culture is:W) centrifugationX) streak plateY) stab cultureZ) liquid fermantationANSWER: X) STREAK PLATE

BONUS2) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following best describes REM sleep:W) active dreaming with desynchronized EEGX) atonia, (read as: A-tone-ee-ah) with deep sleepY) deep sleep with atonia and active dreamingZ) deep sleep with active dreamingANSWER: W) ACTIVE DREAMING WITH DESYNCHRONIZED EEG

TOSS-UP10) BIOLOGY Short Answer What specific physical state does Bacillus anthracis form that allowsit to survive in an exposed environment for decades?ANSWER: SPORE (ACCEPT: ENDOSPORE)

BONUS10) BIOLOGY Short Answer In apoptosis, what is programmed into the cell:ANSWER: DEATH (ACCEPT: CELL DEATH)

TOSS-UP18) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following classes of antibodies will predominateupon a second exposure to an antigen:W) IgGX) IgEY) IgAZ) IgNANSWER: W) IgG

BONUS18) BIOLOGY Short Answer What two monosaccharides make up the disaccharide sucrose?ANSWER: FRUCTOSE AND GLUCOSE (accept in any order)

TOSS-UP24) BIOLOGY Short Answer Seventy percent of the platelets released from the bone marrow arein the peripheral circulation. Where are most of the rest stored?ANSWER: SPLEEN

BONUS24) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is a naturally occurring amino acid that isNOT found in proteins?W) asparagineX) phenylalanineY) citrullineZ) threonineANSWER: Y) CITRULLINE

TOSS-UP2) BIOLOGY Short Answer Afferent neuron is to sensory neuron as efferent neuron is to:ANSWER: MOTOR NEURONBONUS2) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is most accurate about the pasteurization ofmilk:W) it heats milk to the boiling point for about 1minuteX) it kills all bacteria by passing steam through the milkY) it kills most of the germs in the milk by moderate heatingZ) it kills all the bacteria but not the viruses in the milkANSWER: Y) IT KILLS MOST OF THE GERMS IN THE MILK BY MODERATE HEATING

TOSS-UP10) BIOLOGY Short Answer The coronal suture is found between what two bones?ANSWER: PARIETAL AND FRONTAL (accept in any order)BONUS10) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following infectious agents is NOT properlymatched with its disease:W) Trichophyton (read as:TRI-co-fie-ton) and ringwormX) Hepatitis A and serum hepatitisY) Rubella and German measlesZ) Epstein Barr and infectious mononucleosisANSWER: X) HEPATITIS A AND SERUM HEPATITIS(Solution: Hepatitis A causes infectious hepatitis)

TOSS-UP18) BIOLOGY Short Answer From what vitamin is NAD derived?ANSWER: NIACINBONUS18) BIOLOGY Short Answer Penicillium notatum is to penicillin as Bacillus subtilis (pronounced:SUT-ill-iss) is to:ANSWER: BACITRACIN

TOSS-UP24) BIOLOGY Short Answer Avery and Macleod attributed the transforming principle to whatsubstance?ANSWER: DNABONUS24) BIOLOGY Short Answer What other vitamin acts like an antagonist and has the most similarstructure to vitamin K?ANSWER: VITAMIN E(Solution: both are isoprenoids)

TOSS-UP

3) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following molecules is best described as recognizinga specific nucleotide sequence and sniping the DNA at or near this recognition site:W) restriction enzymeX) DNA polymeraseY) RNA polymeraseZ) DNA ligaseANSWER: W) RESTRICTION ENZYMEBONUS3) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice A double membrane is found in the:W) endoplasmic reticulum and nucleusX) nucleus and golgi (pronounced: GOAL-gee)Y) lysosomes and golgiZ) nucleus and chloroplastsANSWER: Z) NUCLEUS AND CHLOROPLASTS

TOSS-UP11) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following cells would NOT typically be found in theperipheral circulation:W) Polymorphonuclear leukocyteX) plasma cellY) reticulocyteZ) erythroblastsANSWER: Z) ERYTHROBLASTSBONUS11) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice The coat of a plant seed is typically derived from which of thefollowing:W) the hypodermX) the carpelY) the micropyleZ) the integumentANSWER: Z) THE INTEGUMENT

TOSS-UP19) BIOLOGY Short Answer Of the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary levels of proteinstructure, at what level would a beta-pleated sheet be placed?ANSWER: SECONDARYBONUS19) BIOLOGY Short Answer Exchange of DNA among chromosomes occurs in what phase ofmeiosis-one?ANSWER: PROPHASE (ACCEPT: PROPHASE-ONE)

TOSS-UP25) BIOLOGY Short Answer The most common method used by Beadle and Tatum in generatingmutant molds for their metabolic studies was to expose the molds to what?

ANSWER: X-RAYSBONUS25) BIOLOGY Short Answer Which 2 of the following 4 amino acids contain nonpolar R groups?serine; glutamine; leucine; (read as: lew-seen), phenylalanine (read as: FEE-nal-AL-a-neen)ANSWER: LEUCINE; PHENYLALANINE

ROUND 13TOSS-UP1) BIOLOGY Short Answer Which of the human plasma proteins plays the greatest role inosmoregulation?ANSWER: ALBUMINBONUS1) BIOLOGY Short Answer Which 2 of the following 5 genera of organisms are not Monerans?Leishmania, (read: LIE-shh-mania), Rickettsia, Neisseria, (read: NYE-sear-e-ah) Echinococcus,(read: E-kine-o-coccus), Klebsiella (read as: KLEB-see-ella)ANSWER: LEISHMANIA, ECHINOCOCCUS

TOSS-UP9) BIOLOGY Short Answer When biologists use bacterial conjugation to map genomes, whatelectrical appliance is most often used to interrupt conjugation?ANSWER: BLENDER (ACCEPT: KITCHEN BLENDER)BONUS9) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is the most accurate name for a molecule ofglycerol with all three hydroxyl groups esterified to fatty acids :W) triacylglycerol (read as: tri-acyl-gliss-er-ol)X) fatty glycerolY) esterified lipidZ) triesterglyceride (read as: tri-ester-gliss-er-ide)ANSWER: W) TRIACYLGLYCEROL

TOSS-UP17) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following would be LEAST likely to diffuse througha typical plasma membrane:W) propaneX) methanolY) potassium ionsZ) carbon dioxideANSWER: Y) POTASSIUM IONSBONUS17) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice In which of the following cell types does phosphocreatine providethe greatest role:W) hepatocyteX) parafollicular cellY) endothelial cell

Z) a skeletal muscle cellANSWER: Z) A SKELETAL MUSCLE CELL

TOSS-UP23) BIOLOGY Short Answer If one parent has an AB blood type and the other parent has anO blood type, what blood types will the children possibly inherit?ANSWER: A AND B (DO NOT ACCEPT: AB)BONUS23) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Southern blot is to DNA sequences as Northern blot is to:W) amino acid sequencesX) RNA sequencesY) DNA sequencesZ) hybrid DNA/RNA sequencesANSWER: X) RNA SEQUENCES

TOSS-UP3) BIOLOGY Short Answer Oligodendrocytes are responsible for producing what nerve coatingthat speeds nerve conduction:ANSWER: MYELIN SHEATH (ACCEPT: MYELIN)BONUS3) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following are mostly under the control of thehypothalamus:W) metabolism, heart rate, sleepX) metabolism, heart rate, ovulationY) metabolism, heart rate, micturitionZ) metabolism, heart rate, balanceANSWER: W) METABOLISM, HEART RATE, SLEEP

TOSS-UP11) BIOLOGY Short Answer Okazaki (read as: OH-kah-zak-ee) fragments are joined by whatspecific enzyme?ANSWER: DNA LIGASE (ACCEPT: DNA POLYMERASE I)BONUS11) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Assuming a man has Daltonism and marries a homozygous,normal woman, their children would most likely have which of the following genetic distributions:W) 100% of the females would be carriers and 50% of the males would be carriersX) 100% of the females would be carriers and 100% of the males would be normalY) 50% of the females would be carriers and all of the males would have DaltonsimZ) both the females and the males would all have DaltonsimANSWER: X) 100% OF THE FEMALES WOULD BE CARRIERS AND 100% OF THE MALESWOULD BE NORMAL

TOSS-UP

19) BIOLOGY Short Answer Give the common chemical name for where new bases are added to aDNA strand:

ANSWER: 3 PRIME HYDROXYL (ACCEPT: 3 PRIME END)BONUS19) BIOLOGY Short Answer Which one of the following 5 intermediates of the citric acid cycle isconsidered a 6 carbon intermediate: citric acid, oxaloacetic acid, succinic acid, alpha ketoglutericacid, fumaric aciddANSWER: CITRIC ACID

TOSS-UP25) BIOLOGY Short Answer What common organic molecule has a hydrocarbon phytol tail and amulti-ring structure with a magnesium metal ion in the center?ANSWER: CHLOROPHYLL (ACCEPT: ANY CHLOROPHYLL)BONUS25) BIOLOGY Short Answer Order the following 3 monosaccharides from the smallest to thelargest: xylose, threose, glyceraldehydeANSWER: GLYCERALDEHYDE, THREOSE, XYLOSE

TOSS-UP2) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Species similarity is partly based on DNA hybridization studies thatdetermine:W) similarity in where restriction enzymes cleaveX) determining exact nucleotide sequencesY) generating a restriction enzyme mapZ) degree of base pairing between DNA strandsANSWER: Z) DEGREE OF BASE PAIRING BETWEEN DNA STRANDS

BONUS2) BIOLOGY Short Answer In the Calvin cycle, for each 6 CO2 fixed how many PGAL aretypically formed?ANSWER: 12

TOSS-UP10) BIOLOGY Short Answer ATP is to energy-rich phosphate as NADPH2 is to energy-rich:ANSWER: ELECTRONSBONUS10) BIOLOGY Short Answer Order the following 3 monosaccharides from the smallest to thelargest: erythrose, glyceraldehyde, arabinoseANSWER: GLYCERALDEHYDE, ERYTHROSE, ARABINOSE

TOSS-UP18) BIOLOGY Short Answer What term, coined by Mendel, delineates the variant form of a gene?ANSWER: ALLELEBONUS18) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following pore-size filters would typically be theupper size limit to ensure removal of all bacteria:W) 5.0 micronsX) 1.5 micronsY) 0.85 micronsZ) 0.22 micronsANSWER: Z) 0.22 MICRONS

TOSS-UP24) BIOLOGY Short Answer In primates, what is the final product of most purine degradation?ANSWER: URIC ACIDBONUS24) BIOLOGY Short Answer When bacteria are introduced into a nutrient rich medium theyfollow a standard bacterial growth curve. Place the following into the proper sequence from theearliest to the latest in this growth phase: stationary, log, decline, lagANSWER: LAG, LOG, STATIONARY, DECLINE

ROUND 16TOSS-UP1) BIOLOGY Short Answer In what part of the chloroplast is carbon fixed during the Calvincycle?ANSWER: STROMABONUS1) BIOLOGY Short Answer Assuming average size, order the following from the smallest to thelargest: red blood cell, Polio virus, Rickettsia, Anthrax bacillusANSWER: POLIO VIRUS, RICKETTSIA, ANTHRAX BACILLUS, RED BLOOD CELL

TOSS-UP9) BIOLOGY Short Answer Animal cell is to gap junction as plant cell is to:ANSWER: PLASMODESMETABONUS9) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice In the double reciprocal Lineweaver-Burke plot of enzyme activity,the line passes through the ordinate, or the one over V zero, axis at:W) -1/Vmax (read as: minus one over VEE-max)X) Km/Vmax (read as: Kay M over VEE-max)Y) Km/V0 (read as: Kay M over VEE-zero)Z) 1/ Vmax (read as: one over VEE-max)ANSWER: Z) 1/ Vmax

TOSS-UP17) BIOLOGY Short Answer In many yeasts, what is the major coenzyme used in the conversionof acetaldehyde to ethanol?ANSWER: NAD (ACCEPT: NADH, NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE) (DO NOTACCEPT: NADP or NADPH)BONUS17) BIOLOGY Short Answer Order the following 4 molecules from the earliest step in glycolysisto the latest: [read slowly!]3-phosphoglycerate; 1,3-diphosphoglycerate; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; phosphoenolpyruvateANSWER: GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE; 1,3 DIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE;3-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE

TOSS-UP23) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice In a non-oligometric protein, reversible denaturation changeswhich of the following levels of protein structure:W) primaryX) amino acid sequenceY) tertiaryZ) quaternaryANSWER: Y) TERTIARYBONUS23) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following structures is NOT properly matched withits function:W) synovial lining and joint movementX) corpus luteum and estrogen secretionY) chordae tendonae and connection of bones to musclesZ) intercalated disks and cardiac muscleANSWER: Y) CHORDAE TENDONAE AND CONNECTION OF BONES TO MUSCLES

TOSS-UP3) BIOLOGY Short Answer Of the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of proteinstructure, what level is most directly changed in an amino acid substitution?ANSWER: PRIMARYBONUS3) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following would be LEAST soluble in distilled water:W) propanoic acidX) phosphoglyceraldehydeY) methanolZ) cholesterolANSWER: Z) CHOLESTEROL

TOSS-UP

11) BIOLOGY Short Answer To what intermediate molecule of the citric acid cycle does succinatedehydrogenase oxidize succinate?ANSWER: FUMARATEBONUS11) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice The mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes is obtained bywhich of the following:W) the hematocrit multiplied by ten and then divided by the red cell count in millions per microliterX) the red cell count per cc divided by the hematocritY) the red cell count per cc divided by 7 micronsZ) the hemoglobin value divided by the hematocritANSWER: W) THE HEMATOCRIT MUTIPLIED BY TEN AND THEN DIVIDED BY THERED CELL COUNT IN MILLIONS PER MICROLITER

TOSS-UP19) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice If a culture of cells from a hyperallergenic person was exposed tofluorescent labeled immunoglubulin E, which of the following cell types would most likely glow themost:W) PMNX) mast cellY) eosinophile (pronounced: E-O-sin-O-fill)Z) macrophageANSWER: X) MAST CELLBONUS19) BIOLOGY Short Answer Which one of the following 5 cells is NOT found in a typicalangiosperm rhizome? parenchymal, collenchymal, meristematic, epidermal, guard cellANSWER: GUARD CELL

TOSS-UP25) BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following responses does indoleacetic acid NOTusually produce in plants:W) vascular cell differentiationX) fruit maturationY) cell elongationZ) floweringANSWER: Z) FLOWERING

BONUS25) BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the name for the strap-like muscle involved with headmovements and abbreviated as the SCM?

ANSWER: STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE