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Geoscience Bulletin Board – 2 November 2020 – compiled by Elaine J. Hanford

M7.0 hits Turkey & Greece https://currently.att.yahoo.com/att/cm/magnitude-7-0-earthquake-strikes-125010038.html https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000c7y0/executive

Gales Creek Fault west of Portland capable of producing M7.1 to M7.4 EQ – also smaller active faults

https://www.livescience.com/earthquake-fault-near-portland.html https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/10/besides-the-big-one-closer-faults-could-also-shake-

portland/

What triggered the Little Ice Age? https://sciencenorway.no/climate-geology-ice-age/what-actually-started-the-little-ice-age/

1759318 Paper: https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/38/eaba4320

Simultaneous eruptions on Kamchatka Peninsula of Klyuchevsky & Bezymyan – pics & videos https://www.rbth.com/lifestyle/332898-two-volcanoes-just-erupted-in-kamchatka

“whaleback” forms at Shiveluch volcano on Kamchatka Peninsula https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/whaleback-rises-at-a-russian-volcano

Hypothesizing the next supercontinent – Pangea Ultima – Novopangea – Aurica – Amasia https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/the-next-pangea-what-earths-future-

supercontinent-will-look-like

New seismic provisions for National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program https://www.nibs.org/news/531554/Building-Seismic-Safety-Council-Updates-Earthquake-

Design-Provisions-for-FEMA.htm

Provisions parts 1 & 2: https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/fema_2020-nehrp-provisions_part-1-and-part-2.pdf

Provisions part 3: https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/fema_2020-nehrp-provisions_part-3.pdf

A better bridge design to resist seismic shaking https://newatlas.com/architecture/limb-inspired-bridges-earthquake-resistance/

Post-tropical cyclones may influence risk of windstorms across Europe https://eos.org/editor-highlights/post-tropical-cyclones-influence-on-european-windstorm-risk Paper: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL089853

Improving understanding of marine residence times of iron in upper ocean https://eos.org/research-spotlights/how-long-does-iron-linger-in-the-oceans-upper-layers Paper: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GB006592

Dense seismic network is threatened by wildfires on West Coast https://eos.org/articles/wildfires-threaten-west-coasts-seismic-network

Simulations may help distinguish large-scale atmospheric circulation changes from increased temperature induced changes

https://eos.org/research-spotlights/a-new-way-to-fingerprint-drivers-of-water-cycle-change Paper: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020MS002106 Paper: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020MS002249

Large tidal ranges 400 myo may have initiated evolution of bony fish & land vertebrates https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/

Large_tides_may_have_driven_evolution_of_fish_towards_life_on_land_999.html

Fossils of giant birds in Antarctica had 21-foot wingspans https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/

Antarctica_yields_oldest_fossils_of_giant_birds_with_21_foot_wingspans_999.html Paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-75248-6

Glacial & interglacial climates reveal irregular frequency over past 2.6 million years https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/

Irregular_appearances_of_glacial_and_interglacial_climate_states_999.html Paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18897-5

Amount of plastic dumped into Mediterranean Sea could double over next 20 years https://www.terradaily.com/reports/

Amount_of_plastic_dumped_in_Med_to_double_in_20_years_report_999.html Report: https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2020-030-En.pdf

Understanding when & how slope failures occur on post-wildfire landscapes https://www.terradaily.com/reports/

Post_wildfire_hazards_Toward_an_understanding_of_when_and_how_slope_failure_may_occur_999.html

https://www.terradaily.com/reports/Wildfires_can_cause_dangerous_debris_flows_999.html

NASA projects to make geosciences data more accessible https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/

NASA_Funds_Projects_to_Make_Geosciences_Data_More_Accessible_999.html

Interactive website provides access to 5 decades satellite data related to climate https://www.terradaily.com/reports/New_website_puts_climate_in_your_hands_999.html Climate from Space website: https://cfs.climate.esa.int/index.html#/

Presence of Lake Cahuilla overlying southern San Andreas fault may have affected rupture timing https://phys.org/news/2020-10-ancient-lake-contributed-san-andreas.html https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/10/201026153938.htm

Major explosions & paroxysms of Stromboli – an historical catalog & temporal models https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2020/october/stromboli-volcano.html Paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-74301-8

Forensic geology: tracing the origins of illegal sand by fingerprinting method https://phys.org/news/2020-10-source-illicit-sandcan.html

Bathurst Mining Camp – one of the oldest base metal mining districts https://www.geologyforinvestors.com/bathurst-mining-camp-one-of-the-worlds-great-base-

metal-districts/

Mapping 11,000 years of the geologic history of Jersey Island https://www.itv.com/news/channel/2020-10-28/two-jersey-scientists-map-out-11000-years-of-

the-islands-geology

Why does the Earth exhibit a seismic pulse every 26 seconds? https://newstechnologyworld.com/the-earth-is-pulsating-every-26-seconds-and-

seismologists-dont-agree-why/

Back to the future of climate – polar ice caps had essentially disappeared during the Paleocene https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/10/201027105342.htm

Using terrain-hugging drones for aerial prospecting is successful https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2020/october/26/unmanned-aerial-

prospecting

Pingos can explode https://sputniknews.com/science/202010281080900058-dangerous-pingos-likely-to-explode-

as-thawing-permafrost-creates-ticking-time-bombs-/ Background: https://siberiantimes.com/other/others/news/more-than-300-sealed-craters-are-

ticking-time-bombs-from-a-total-7000-plus-arctic-permafrost-mounds/

NOAA Oral History: Dr Eddie Bernard the “accidental tsunami guy” https://www.noaa.gov/heritage/stories/look-back-with-tsunami-expert-eddie-bernard

The challenges of deep-sea mining – increasing human demand, technology, environmental damage

https://massivesci.com/articles/deep-sea-mining-ocean-industry/

Geologists Bill provides legal framework for training, registration & licensing of geologists in Kenya https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-10-27-tough-penalties-for-rogue-geologists-quacks-in-

proposed-law/

Fracking could affect shared water resources in southern Africa – trans-boundary management https://www.newsday.co.zw/2020/10/how-fracking-plans-could-affect-shared-water-

resources-in-southern-africa/

Geologists simulate soil conditions on Mars in anticipation of mission and growing plants https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-10/uog-gss102720.php

Toward understanding relationship of AMOC and climate https://www.whoi.edu/press-room/news-release/two-new-studies-advance-understanding-of-

currents/ Paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19050-y Paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19049-5

Open Access articles on remote sensing of hazards (2019-2020): geophysical hazards, floods & glacial processes, ground instability, meteorological & climatological processes

https://www.nature.com/collections/ciedddhbhe

Open Access articles: Earth Sciences https://www.nature.com/subjects/earth-and-environmental-sciences/srep

Right Whales – plummeting population leading to the verge of extinction https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/10/26/metro/their-population-plummets-right-whales-

verge-extinction/

Diel vertical migration (DVM) accounts for about 16% of carbon captured by the ocean http://oceans.nautil.us/feature/625/the-earth-shaping-animal-migration-no-one-ever-sees

Ropeless (or buoyless) fishing systems use transducer to acoustically trigger lift bag – safer for whales

https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2020/10/22/ropeless-fishing- systems-hold-promise-for-fishermen-and-whales

************************************************

Environmental Science Bulletin Board – 2 November 2020 – compiled by Elaine J. Hanford

Legacy of dumping of half a million or more barrels of DDT off the coast of California https://www.whoi.edu/news-insights/content/whoi-assisted-study-finds-ocean-dumping-of-ddt-waste-was-

sloppy/ https://www.latimes.com/projects/la-coast-ddt-dumping-ground/

FEIR for 800-acre storage reservoir near Patterson, California, approved – concern for seismic risks & impacts on wildlife in Del Puerto Canyon

https://www.modbee.com/news/business/agriculture/article246608388.html Background: https://www.modbee.com/article238430758.html Documents: https://www.delpuertocanyonreservoir.com/resources#documents

Illegal immigrants cross the border again and again and again https://www.yahoo.com/news/immigrants-quickly-expelled-trump-try-175951220.html

Amsterdam releases 5,000 alien leaf fleas to fight invasive Japanese knotweed https://www.yahoo.com/news/amsterdam-releases-five-thousand-leaf-162613898.html

Those crane flies are not giant mosquitoes https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/crane-flies-differ-mosquitoes-rid-140700018.html

Global warming alarmists now want to capitalize on using asbestos for carbon capture https://www.yahoo.com/finance/news/asbestos-yes-asbestos-could-fight-160000922.html

New ANWR seismic proposal submitted by Native village corporation https://www.adn.com/business-economy/energy/2020/10/23/trump-administration-releases-new-arctic-refuge-

seismic-proposal-submitted-by-native-village-corporation/

CRS InFocus: Legal framework of NEPA https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11549

How clean is that captured rainwater in your rain barrel? https://www.discovermagazine.com/environment/is-rainwater-safe-to-drink-runoff-collected-by-volunteers-offers-

clues

Asian giant hornets captured near Blaine, Washington, using vacuum equipment – searching for more https://currently.att.yahoo.com/news/crews-vacuum-murder-hornets-washington-202429112.html

Portion of River Trent through Stoke rerouted to provide habitat for otters & trout https://www.yahoo.com/news/hideous-river-trent-becomes-first-102241448.html

Gerlach, Nevada, residents oppose proposed 2 geothermal plants – environmental concerns

https://www.msn.com/en-us/weather/topstories/gerlach-residents-say-the-black-rock-s-dark-skies-threatened- by-proposed-geothermal-plant/ar-BB1ap7RK

Paper: Decoupling urban water use & growth in response to water scarcity – demand exceeds supply – population explosion creates greater demand

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/10/2868/htm

Damaged lithium-ion batteries causing fires & explosions in waste stream https://www.yahoo.com/news/ten-hour-standoff-oil-tanker-204320035.html

Singapore stops use of two flu vaccines after 48 deaths reported in South Korea https://www.yahoo.com/news/singapore-halts-flu-vaccines-48-011440179.html

Smog season begins in India & Pakistan – vehicle emissions, industrial pollution, brick kilns, burning stubble fields create hazardous levels of air pollution

https://www.yahoo.com/news/fears-grow-over-respiratory-health-115958007.html

Fracking (UOGD) may significantly increase airborne radioactive particles – 40% above background – toxicity of other fracking chemicals is still unknown

https://currently.att.yahoo.com/finance/news/fracking-radioactive-problem-183700254.html https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/oct/13/airborne-radioactivity-increases-downwind-of-fracking-

study-finds Primer: https://www.earthworks.org/issues/hydraulic_fracturing_101/ Paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18226-w https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/a11113/toxicity-of-one-third-of-fracking-chemicals-

unknown-2493008/ App: https://www.pennmedicine.org/news/news-releases/2020/september/is-your-drinking-water-toxic Reports: https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/hfstudy/recordisplay.cfm?deid=332990

Rabies reported in white-tailed deer in 4 counties in west-central New York http://outbreaknewstoday.com/rabies-in-deer-reported-in-4-west-central-new-york-counties-56319/

California power shutoffs continue as windy weather sparks concerns over wildfires – 360,000 customers https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-wildfires-fire-weather-san-francisco-fires-

359f6a35b4da696a4d07e5b12275dd97 https://www.npr.org/2020/10/25/927600527/360-000-customers-lose-power-in-california-amid-fire-safety-

shutoffs

Diffuse pollution from urbanization, agriculture & mining threaten rivers in Brazil https://eos.org/articles/urbanization-agriculture-and-mining-threaten-brazilian-rivers

Visualizing the economics of coffee https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-economics-of-coffee-in-one-chart/

Japan & South Korea pledge to be “carbon neutral” by 2050 – but at what other environmental costs? https://www.npr.org/2020/10/26/927846739/a-decarbonized-society-japan-pledges-to-be-carbon-neutral-by-

2050 https://phys.org/news/2020-10-south-korea-carbon-neutrality-moon.html

97% of wildfires that threaten homes in the US are started by humans https://theconversation.com/humans-ignite-almost-every-wildfire-that-threatens-homes-145997

Nanosilver additive as antimicrobial in consumer products is not good for wildlife https://www.treehugger.com/nanosilver-accumulates-in-canadian-fish-5083294

Impacts of wildfire emissions on global air quality – pyrogenic HONO underestimated

https://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=301514&org=GEO&from=news Fences are not beneficial to wildlife and the ecosystem

https://www.treehugger.com/fences-cause-ecological-meltdown-5084148

Paper: https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biosci/biaa103/5908036

Snowfall has helped in battle against East Troublesome fire in Rocky Mountain National Park https://www.nationalparkstraveler.org/2020/10/snow-slows-east-troublesome-fires-run-through-rocky-mountain-

national-park

International feuding continues over Ethiopian dam on the Nile River https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Sudan_to_organise_week_of_talks_on_Ethiopia_dam_feud_999.html Background: https://www.press.et/english/?p=20829#

There are limits to intensity of human use of forests and grasslands https://www.seeddaily.com/reports/

Land_management_in_forest_and_grasslands_How_much_can_we_intensify_999.html

Evidence of biodiversity losses deep in the Amazon rainforest https://www.terradaily.com/reports/

Evidence_of_biodiversity_losses_found_deep_inside_the_rainforest_999.html https://www.lsu.edu/mediacenter/news/2020/10/26rnr_stouffer_ecologyletters.php

Boaters urged to take extra caution on Kentucky Lake during tagging of silver carp https://www.usgs.gov/news/media-advisory-boaters-encouraged-use-extra-caution-areas-kentucky-lake-early-

november

You are what you eat: high-flavanol diet associated with lower blood pressure – inverse to blood lipids http://www.sci-news.com/medicine/flavanol-rich-diet-blood-pressure-08974.html Paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-74863-7

Early human behavior likely changed due to fluctuations in vegetation & water supplies https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/10/201021140919.htm Paper: https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/43/eabc8975

Reforestation plans in sub-Saharan Africa may be unsuccessful https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/10/201028082942.htm

County-level exposure numbers for tropical cyclones & human health https://phys.org/news/2020-10-dataset-county-level-exposure-tropical-cyclones.html Paper: https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/EHP6976

Genomic basis of adaptations, distinguishing species, mechanisms of speciation https://phys.org/news/2020-10-genomic-basis-differences-species-mechanisms.html Paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2845-0

10-year retrospective on Haiti cholera epidemic caused by peacekeeping mission https://www.pri.org/stories/2020-10-27/10-years-un-officials-reflect-haiti-cholera-epidemic-caused-

peacekeeping-mission

Untapped eco-tourism potential in Ethiopia https://allafrica.com/stories/202010270878.html

Potential impacts of USFS decides to open Tongass National Forest to logging & development https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2020/10/29/us-ends-roadless-protections-in-

countrys-largest-national-forest

Using sensors & machine learning to locate & quantify gas leaks in O&G fields https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/10/201029105038.htm Paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162120300320?via%3Dihub

Electronic vehicles require vast volumes of rare earth elements & other metals – production requires mining, processing & refining of billions of tons of raw materials plus energy production leading to significant environmental & human health impacts

https://www.rainforest-rescue.org/news/9890/the-dark-side-of-tesla-gigafactories-need-gigamines? mtu=501529787

REE Overview: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987119300258

Open Access articles on wildlife disease (2017-2019): viral, fungal, bacterial & other https://www.nature.com/collections/faibiibjbc

CRS Report: Federal Wildfire Management FY2011-FY2020 https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46583

New York & New Jersey still in the recovery phase from Hurricane Sandy after 8 years https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-new-york-storms-hoboken-us-news-

a4edd6e77fa26353c5056de8658ca762

$7B rebuild of I-45 in Houston, Texas – EIS released – comment period extended https://abc13.com/i-45-rebuild-txdot-environmental-report-texas-transportation-commission-sylvester-turner/

6624692/ Impacts: https://tejanonation.net/2020/10/21/plans-to-demolish-iconic-la-mafia-recording-studio-for-houston-

highway-expansion/ Criticism: https://usa.streetsblog.org/2020/06/08/houstons-i-45-project-is-a-reminder-of-urban-renewal-racism/ https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/transportation/2020/10/08/383555/public-is-asked-to-

comment-on-final-environmental-statement-on-i-45-north-widening/ Project website: http://houstontx.gov/planning/nhhip/

Man fell through collapsed sidewalk in New York City and landed in rat-filled hole https://www.yahoo.com/news/man-falls-york-city-pavement-091034747.html

CORONAVIRUS

Coronavirus COVID-19 statistics by country (click on USA to get State statistics) https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ https://time.com/5800901/coronavirus-map/ interactive maps: https://geodacenter.github.io/covid/map.html

A well-reasoned, scientific and sensible strategy https://imprimis.hillsdale.edu/sensible-compassionate-anti-covid-strategy/

Lock-downs have consequences – Oregon takes $27M hit in gas tax revenue https://www.koin.com/news/health/coronavirus/drivers-parked-oregon-takes-27m-hit-in-gas-tax-revenue/

Geopolitics & implications of the virus and shutdown https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/risk/our-insights/covid-19-implications-for-business https://www.spglobal.com/ratings/en/research/articles/200204-coronavirus-impact-key-takeaways-from-our-

articles-11337257 https://carsey.unh.edu/COVID-19-Economic-Impact-By-State

Shutdown causes social isolation which can be deadly – isolation causing new crisis https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/her-father-fell-victim-to-the-pandemic-but-it-wasn-t-covid-that-killed-him/ar-

BB1arB5F https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/nursing-homes-racked-by-the-virus-face-a-new-crisis-isolation/ar-

BB1aywG1

On the timeline for a possible vaccine https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/10/no-pre-election-glimpse-of-covid-19-vaccine-data-frontrunner-

suggests/

The virus is not surging – the media hyperbole is and is causing people to panic unnecessarily since did not learn the lesson months ago

https://currently.att.yahoo.com/news/covid-19-rates-not-surging-155415871.html https://currently.att.yahoo.com/att/cm/american-shoppers-panic-buying-coronavirus-161351284.html

Opposition to development of herd immunity https://www.ehn.org/herd-immunity-dangerous-2648497608.html https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2820%2932153-X

Antibody drug has low chance of aiding hospitalized patients https://www.huffpost.com/entry/eli-lilly-antibody-drug-fails-in-a-covid-19-study-others-go-

on_n_5f97f0edc5b6b74d85f4522d

Less serious illness, fewer hospitalizations, fewer intubated, fewer deaths – second wave? – some earlier treatments “might have caused harm”

https://news.yahoo.com/virus-hospitalizations-york-city-time-141041050.html

***********************************************

Coastal Zone Management Bulletin Board – 2 November 2020 – compiled by Elaine J. Hanford

US Coast Guard to deploy to counter “illegal” and “unregulated” fishing in South China Sea https://www.yahoo.com/news/us-coast-guard-tackle-china-013704915.html

“Fungie” the bottle-nosed dolphin has disappeared from Dingle Harbour for 37 years https://www.yahoo.com/news/fungie-county-kerrys-much-loved-150548126.html

Football more important than scheduling hearing on condemnation of easements for beach re-nourishment

https://coastalobserver.com/football-weekend-delays-hearing-on-easements/

Hurricane season caused little damage to coastal restoration projects in Louisiana https://www.houmatoday.com/story/news/state/2020/10/24/despite-active-hurricane-season-

louisiana-coastal-restoration-projects-saw-little-damage-heres-why/3744928001/

Large-scale marine debris removal program a success – nearly 74 tons in North Carolina

https://www.coastalreview.org/2020/10/marine-debris-removal-project-underway/

Where wild chickens rule the beaches https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/wild-chickens-rule-the-streets-in-some-

beach-towns-heres-why-one-scientist

Police surround oil tanker of Isle of Wight – stowaways may have attempted to hijack vessel https://www.yahoo.com/news/isle-wight-tanker-police-surround-144724234.html https://www.yahoo.com/news/ten-hour-standoff-oil-tanker-204320035.html

Cement “smart reef” being placed off the coast of North Myrtle Beach https://www.myhorrynews.com/news/local/ccu-and-sc-floodwater-commission-install-smart-

reef-of-hory-county-coast/article_f8ba74be-149a-11eb-bfb4-f3b38243be3a.html

Slow sea level rise & European colonization created wetlands along US East Coast https://eos.org/research-spotlights/rising-seas-and-agriculture-created-wetlands-along-the-u-

s-east-coast Paper: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL089415

Geomagnetic storms probably do not cause mass strandings of whales & dolphins https://eos.org/research-spotlights/geomagnetic-storms-probably-dont-cause-mass-

cetacean-strandings

New coastal change forecast along Gulf Coast due to Hurricane Zeta https://www.usgs.gov/news/zeta-s-strong-waves-will-cause-coastal-change-along-gulf-coast

Toward a better understanding of how marsh birds survive hurricanes https://theconversation.com/scientists-at-work-sloshing-through-marshes-to-see-how-birds-

survive-hurricanes-146067

Melting of Greenland Ice Sheet continues to reshape coastal Greenland – coastal infrastructures inhibit natural adjustment

https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Ice_sheet_melt_reshaping_coastal_Greenland_999.html

Beaches can “survive” sea level changes if there is room for them to migrate https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/

Beaches_can_survive_sea_level_rises_as_long_as_they_have_space_to_move_999.html

US Army COE revises “Ike Dike” plan for Texas Gulf Coast – estimated cost $26.2B https://www.beaumontenterprise.com/news/article/Revised-Ike-Dike-plan-would-cost-26-2B-

15678973.php

2020 Chesapeake Bay dead zone is smaller than in recent years https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2020/october/26/unmanned-aerial-

prospecting Report Card:

https://www.vims.edu/research/topics/dead_zones/_docs/2020_cb_hypoxia_reportcard.pdf

Robotic vessel launched to map coastal erosion at Salmon Whole Bay in Australia

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-10-28/beachport-erosion-robotic-vessel-deployed-climate- change/12821360

More “global warming” hype regarding methane deposits in the Arctic Ocean https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/oct/27/sleeping-giant-arctic-methane-deposits-

starting-to-release-scientists-find

California to increase efforts to protect & restore eelgrass https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2020/10/28/california-steps-up-

efforts-to-protect-and-restore-eelgrass