· Web view2020-03-25 · Year 10 Combined Science - Foundation. Mock Exam Revision. Paper 1. Instead of a year 10 end of year exam this year, you will be sitting a science mock

Year 10 Combined Science - FoundationMock Exam Revision

Paper 1

Instead of a year 10 end of year exam this year, you will be sitting a science mock paper.

This paper will include all topics learnt in both year 9 and year 10.

This revision homework must be completed weekly.

The format of each homework is the same:

Section 1: 3 x look, cover, write, check for 10 knowledge questions.Each set must have a title and have a number (1,2 or 3)>An example of what this looks like is shown below:

Section 2: answer the mastery matrix statements and self-assess using the knowledge and/or your revision guide

Section 3: answer the exam questions and self-assess using the mark scheme

Page 1 of 49

Revision Homework 1: Biology

Section 1: Knowledge

Topic: Transport in cells (diffusion, active transport and osmosis) (B.19)

1 Substances moving from a high concentration to a low concentration is called… Diffusion

2 One example of diffusion in humans is: CO2 + O2 in gas exchange

3 Three factors that affect the rate of diffusion are: Concentration gradient Temperature surface area of the membrane

4 How is the small intestine adapted for exchanging materials?

Villi for large S.A. villi one cell thick good blood supply

5 How is the lungs adapted for exchanging materials?

Alveoli large surface area: volume ratio surface is moist good blood supply

6 How is the roots adapted for exchanging materials?

Large SA to volume ratio lots of mitochondria for respiration

7Water moves from a dilute to concentrated solution across a partially permeable membrane via...

Osmosis

8 Pure water will move into a potato because of Osmosis

9 When a substance moves against the concentration gradient, it is called.. Active transport

10 Active transport requires ________ from _________.

energy respiration

Section 2: Mastery matrix statements to be answered using your revision guide and knowledge.

Self-assess using revision guide and knowledge

Define ‘diffusion’ and give examples of diffusion in plants and animals (gas exchange and urea in the kidney)Explain how different factors affect the rate of diffusion (concentration, surface area, temperature)Explain adaptations for exchange materials in: small intestines, lungs, gills, roots and leavesDescribe the process of osmosisCompare diffusion, osmosis and active transport

Page 2 of 49

Section 3: Exam questions

Q1.Substances can move into cells and out of cells.(a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

active transport.

Water moves into cells and out of cells by osmosis. reabsorption.

freely permeable

The water moves through a non-permeable membrane. partially permeable

(2)(b) Students put plant cells into two different strengths of sugar solutions, A and B.

The diagram below shows what the cells looked like after 1 hour.

Cell in

sugar solution A(after 1 hour)

Cell in

sugar solution B(after 1 hour)

(i) Describe two ways in which the cell in sugar solution B is different from the cell in sugar solution A.1. ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

(2)(ii) A student put red blood cells into water.

Suggest what would happen to the cells.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

(1)(c) In the human body, glucose is absorbed into the blood from the small intestine.

The small intestine contains many villi. Which two of the following help the absorption of glucose in the small intestine? Tick ( ) two boxes.Villi have a cell wall.

Villi are covered in thick mucus.

Villi give the small intestine a large surface area.

Villi have many blood capillaries.

(2)(Total 7 marks)

Page 3 of 49

Q2. Substances can move into and out of cells.

(a) (i) How does oxygen move into and out of cells? Draw a ring around one answer.

diffusion digestion photosynthesis

(1)

(ii) Diagram 1 shows the percentage concentration of oxygen in three cells, A, B and C.

Oxygen can move from cell to cell.

Into which cell, A, B or C, will oxygen move the fastest? (1)

(b) (i) How does water move into and out of cells? Draw a ring around one answer.

breathing osmosis respiration

(1)

(ii) Differences in the concentration of sugars in cells cause water to move into or out of cells at different rates. Diagram 2 shows three different cells, P, Q and R. The information shows the percentage concentration of sugar solution in cells P, Q and R.

Water can move from cell to cell.

Into which cell, P, Q or R, will water move the fastest? (1)

Page 4 of 49

Mark schemes

Q1.(a) osmosis

1

partially permeable1

(b) (i) any two from:allow correct answers in terms of A

• vacuole is small(er)• cytoplasm has shrunk

allow cytoplasm is smaller• gap between cytoplasm and cell wall• cell wall curves inwards

allow cell B is flaccid or cell A is turgid• the (cell) membrane has moved away from the wall

2

(ii) any one from:

• water will move / diffuse in• (cells) will swell• (cells) will burst

ignore turgid1

(c) villi give the small intestines a large surface area1

villi have many blood capillaries1

[7]

Q2.(a) (i) diffusion

1

(ii) A1

(b) (i) osmosis1

(ii) R1

[4]

Page 5 of 49



Topic: Developing new medicines (B.10)

1 What is used to test drugs during preclinical testing? Cells, tissues & live animals

2 Who are medicines tested on in stage 1 of clinical trials? Healthy volunteers (low doses - test for toxicity)

3 Who are medicines tested on in stage 2 of clinical trials?

Patient volunteers (low doses - test for efficacy & dose)

4 What is a double blind trial? Neither experimenter or patient knows if they are taking medicine or placebo

5 What is a placebo? A substance that contains no medicine (a control)

6What is the name for the injection given to patients to prevent them from catching an infectious disease?

Vaccination

7 Describe step 1 of vaccinations 1) small quantity of dead/inactive pathogen8 Describe step 2 of vaccinations 2) white blood cells produce correct antibody (slowly)

9 Describe step 3 of vaccinations 3) pathogen enters body & WBC produce correct antibodies (quickly)

10 State two benefits of vaccination Prevent illness in an individual & prevent spread to others

Section 2: Mastery matrix statements to be answered and then self-assessed using revision guide and knowledge

Explain how preclinical and clinical trials are used to test new drugs (including tests for safety, effectiveness, toxicity and dosage)Describe how vaccinations cause a person to become immune from a disease

Section 3: Exam questionsQ1. A chicken pox vaccination involves two injections.

The graph below shows how the concentration of antibodies in a child’s bloodstream changes.

(c) Suggest on what day the second injection was given. Day = ____________________(1)

(d) On which day is the child’s ability to defend against chickenpox at its peak? Day = ____________________

(1)

Page 6 of 49

Children can only have the chickenpox vaccination if their parents pay for the vaccine.

Some people think the vaccination should be free to all children.

(e) If more people were vaccinated the number of children getting chickenpox would decrease.

What are two possible reasons for this decrease?

Tick two boxes.

Drugs to treat chickenpox are no longer effective

Children are less likely to come into contact with someone with the disease

More people will have the correct antibodies

People may catch the disease from the vaccination

People may have a weakened immune system

(2)

(f) The government needs to decide whether to make the chickenpox vaccination free to all children.

Suggest two factors the government should consider when making this decision.

1. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(2)

Q2. Pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious diseases.(a) The graph shows the percentage of children under 5 years old who died from infectious diseases, in the UK, in four different years.

Page 7 of 49

(i) Between 1750 and 1850 vaccinations were also developed.What is in a vaccine?

Tick () one box.

large amounts of dead pathogens

large amounts of live pathogens

small amounts of dead pathogens

(1)

(ii) The advances in medicine had an effect on death rate.

Describe the effect these advances had between 1750 and 1850.

To gain full marks you should include data from the graph above.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

Q3. (b) A flu vaccine is offered to people with a high risk of having a severe illness if they are infected by the flu virus.

What does a flu vaccine contain?

Tick ( ) one box.

Page 8 of 49

Inactive antibodies

Inactive viruses

White blood cells

(1)

Page 9 of 49

Mark schemes

Q1.allow any answer in range 55−59

1

(d) 85allow any answer in range 84−86

1

(e) children are less likely to come into contact with someone with the disease1

more people will have the correct antibodies1

(f) any two from:• cost (to the NHS / government)• money saved through not treating people with chickenpox• how effective the vaccine is• severity of the disease• less effect of disease on people with weaker immune systems / elderly / HIV

or on unborn babies2

[8]

Q2.(a) (i) small amounts of dead pathogens

1

(ii) decrease1

by 60 (%)allow from 70(%) to 10(%)allow other correct data treatment

1

Q3.

(b) Inactive viruses1

Page 10 of 49



Topic: The Heart (B.15)1 Which type of vessel leaves the heart? Arteries2 Which type of vessel enters the heart? Veins

3 What is the name of the 4 chambers of the heart? Top: Left/right AtriumBottom: Left/right ventricle

4 What is the name of the blood vessel that enters the heart from the body? Vena Cava

5 What is the name of the blood vessel that enters the heart from the lungs? Pulmonary vein

6 What is the name of the blood vessel that goes to the lungs from the heart? Pulmonary artery

7 What is the name of the blood vessel that goes from the heart to the rest of your body? Aorta

8 Which side of the heart is thicker? Left

9 Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood out of it and which side pumps deoxygenated?

Oxygenated = LeftDeoxygenated = Right

10

What is the name for removing a heart from one person and placing it into another person? Transplant


Describe the structure and function of the human heartDescribe the roles of the four blood vessels associated with the heart

Section 3: Exam questions:Q1. The heart is part of the circulatory system.

(a) (i) Name one substance transported by the blood in the circulatory system.______________________________________________________________

(1)(ii) What is the main type of tissue in the heart wall?

______________________________________________________________(1)

(b) Figure 1 shows the human heart.

(i) Which blood vessel, A, B or C, takes blood to the lungs?

Page 11 of 49

(1)

(ii) Name parts D and E shown in Figure 1.

D _______________________________________

E _______________________________________(2)

(c) Figure 2 shows three types of blood vessel, F, G and H.

(i) What type of blood vessel is F?

Tick () one box.

an artery

a capillary

a vein

(1)

Q2. Diagram 1 shows a section through the heart.

Diagram 1

(a) Use words from the box to label parts A, B, C and D.

artery atrium capillary platelet vein ventricle

Page 12 of 49

(4)

Q3. Complete each sentence about the heart by choosing the correct words from the box.

A ventricle fills with blood by the contraction of _________________________ .

When a ventricle contracts, blood is forced into __________________________ .

When a ventricle relaxes, the backflow of blood into it is prevented by the closing of

_________________________ .(Total 3 marks)

Mark schemesQ1. (a) (i) any one from:

• glucose• oxygen• carbon dioxide• urea• water

allow hormonesallow named example of a product of digestion

1(ii) (cardiac) muscle

allow muscular1

(b) (i) B1

(ii) D atrium / atriaignore references to left or right

1E ventricle(s)

ignore references to left or right1

(c) (i) a vein1

Q2. (a) A arteryallow aorta

1B ventricle

ignore references to left and right1

C atriumignore references to left and rightallow atria

1D vein

allow vena cava1

Page 13 of 49

Q3. an atrium1

an artery1

a semi-lunar valve1

Revision Homework 4: ChemistrySection 1: Knowledge

Topic: Structure of an atom (C.5)

1 What is the charge, relative size and location of a proton? Charge: 1+, Size = 1, Location = Nucleus

2 What is the charge, relative size and location of a neutron? Charge: 0, Size = 1, Location = Nucleus

3 What is the charge, relative size and location of an electron? Charge: -1, Size = 1/2000, Location = Shells

4 What is the radius of an atom? 0.1 nm (1 x 10 -10m)5 What is the radius of a nucleus? 1 x 10 -14m6 Define "atomic number" No. of protons in an atom7 Define "atomic mass number" Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom

8 Define isotope?Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

9 Describe Thompson's 'Plum Pudding' model of an atom.

Ball of positive charge with electrons embedded throughout

10 Describe Rutherford's model of the atom 1) Mostly empty space 2) dense, positive mass in the centre (the nucleus),


Describe the plum pudding model of the atomDescribe the current (nuclear) model of the atom giving the relative charge and mass of the subatomic particlesRecall the radius of an atom and it’s nucleusCalculate protons, neutrons and electrons for an atom linking to mass and atomic number


Q1. The table below shows the relative mass and charge of the particles in an atom.

Name of particle Relative mass Chargeproton 1 +1neutron electron very small

(a) Complete the table above.(3)

(b) The diagram below represents a lithium atom.

Page 14 of 49

Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the lithium atom shown in the diagram above.

Number of protons _________________

Number of neutrons _________________

Number of electrons _________________(3)

(c) Scientific models of the atom have changed over time.

Draw one line from each description of the atomic model to the stage in the development of the atomic model.

Description of atomic model

Stage in the development of the

atomic model

Dalton atomsA ball of positive charge with electrons embedded in it

Neutrons discovered

Nucleus of atoms discovered

Spherical atoms Plum pudding model

(2)(Total 8 marks)

Q2.

An argon atom can be represented as

(a) What does the number 40 represent in ?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(b) How many protons does this atom of argon have?

Page 15 of 49

Tick one box.

18

22

40

58

(1)

(c) How many neutrons does this atom of argon have?

Tick one box.

18

22

40

58

(1)

Q3.(a) Figure 1 shows an atom of element G.

Figure 1

Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

(i) Label A shows

an electron an ion a nucleus(1)

(ii) The particle labelled B is

an isotope a molecule a neutron(1)

Page 16 of 49

(iii) The mass number of element G is

5 6 11(1)

(iv) Use the periodic table to identify element G.

Element G is

boron carbon sodium(1)

Page 17 of 49

Mark schemesQ1.

(a)name of particle

relative mass charge

proton (1) (+1) neutron 1 0 1 + 1electron (very small) −1 1

allow words instead of numbersallow neutral or no charge for the neutron

(b) (protons) 31

(neutrons) 41

(electrons) 31

allow words instead of numbers(c)

11

[8]Q2.

(a) the mass numberornumber of protons and neutrons

ignore (relative) atomic mass1

(b) 181

(c) 221

Q3.(a) (i) an electron

1(ii) a neutron

1(iii) 11

1(iv) boron

1

Page 18 of 49

Revision Homework 5: Chemistry


Topic: Types of bonding (C.7)

1 Which type of bonding occurs between metals and non-metals? Ionic

2 Which type of bonding occurs between non-metals? Covalent

3 Which type of bonding occurs between metals? Metallic

4 When electrons leave the shells of an atom, they are said to be ……? Delocalised

5 Which type of ions are formed by metals? Positive ions

6 Which type of ions are formed by non-metals? Negative ions

7 Describe what happens in ionic bondingElectrons are transferred from a metal atom to a non-metal atom = strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

8 Describe what happens in covalent bonding

Electrons are shared between atoms = strong electrostatic attraction between electrons and nucleus

9 Describe what happens in metallic bonding

Electrons become delocalised creating a sea of negative charge = strong electrostatic attraction with positive metal ions& sea of delocalised electrons

10 Why do noble gases not form compounds? Because they already have a full outer shell of electrons


Describe the structure and properties of giant ionic structuresLink the structure of giant ionic structures to its propertiesDescribe the structure and properties of simple covalent structuresDescribe the structure and properties of giant covalent structures (including diamond, graphite and silica)


Q1. The structures of four substances, A, B, C and D, are represented in Figure 1.

Page 19 of 49

(a) Use the correct letter, A, B, C or D, to answer each question.

(i) Which substance is a gas?

(1)

(ii) Which substance is a liquid?

(1)

(iii) Which substance is an element?

(1)

(iv) Which substance is made of ions?

(1)

(b) Figure 2 shows the bonding in substance C.

(i) What is the formula of substance C?

Draw a ring around the correct answer.

SO2 SO2 S2O

(1)

(ii) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.

delocalised shared transferred

When a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom bond to produce substance C,

electrons are _____________________________________________(1)

(iii) What is the type of bonding in substance C?


covalent ionic metallic

(1)

Page 20 of 49

(Total 7 marks)

Q2. The diagram shows a small part of the structure of silicon dioxide.

(a) Use the diagram above to answer the question.


two

In silicon dioxide, each silicon atom is bonded with three oxygen atoms.

four

ionic.

The bonds in silicon dioxide are covalent.

metallic.

(2)

Q3. This question is about lithium and sodium.(a) Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you to answer this question.

In which group of the periodic table are lithium and sodium? Group (1)

(b) A lithium atom can be represented as The diagram represents the lithium atom.

(i) Some particles in the nucleus have a positive charge.

What is the name of these particles?___________________________________

(1)(ii) Some particles in the nucleus have no charge.

What is the name of these particles?

____________________________________(1)

(iii) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.

3 4 7

Page 21 of 49

The mass number of this atom of lithium is (1)

(c) Sodium reacts with chlorine to produce sodium chloride.

sodium + chlorine sodium chloride

The diagram shows how the reaction happens.

Only the outer electrons are shown.


gaining

(i) A sodium atom changes into a sodium ion by losing an electron.

sharing

(1)

a negative

(ii) A sodium ion has no charge.

a positive

(1)

(iii) The ions in sodium chloride are held together by

covalent strong electrostatic forces.

magnetic (1)

(d) Sodium chloride is an ionic compound.Tick ( ) two properties of ionic compounds.

Property Tick ( )

Do not dissolve in water

High melting points

Low boiling points

Page 22 of 49

Strong bonds

(2)

Page 23 of 49

Mark schemesQ1.

(a) (i) C1

(ii) B1

(iii) A1

(iv) D1

(b) (i) SO2

1(ii) shared

1(iii) covalent

1[7]

Q2.(a) four

1covalent

1Q3.

(a) 1 / one1

(b) (i) protons1

(ii) neutrons1

(iii) 71

(c) (i) losing1

(ii) a positive1

(iii) electrostatic1

(d) high melting points1

strong bonds1

Page 24 of 49

Revision Homework 6: Chemistry


Topic: Reversible reactions and low grade copper ores (C.18)

1 What is a reversible reaction? A reaction that can go both forwards (to form the products) and backwards (to form the reactants)

2 Give two examples of reversible reactions

Ammonium chloride ammonia + hydrogen chlorideHydrated copper sulphate (blue) anhydrous copper sulphate (white) + water

3Is ammonium chloride -> ammonia + hydrogen chloride an endothermic or exothermic reaction?

Endothermic

4What is it called when the forward and reverse reactions occur at exactly the same rate?

Equilibrium

5 Which 3 factors affect the position of equilibrium? Pressure (gases), temperature, concentration

6 What is a closed system? A reaction (system) where no reactants are added or products removed.

7 What is the symbol for a reversible reaction?

8 What is the general equation for a reversible reaction? A + B C + D


Use the appropriate symbol to denote a reversible reactionExplain energy changes in reversible reactions (ammonium chloride and hydrated copper sulphate)Explain what is meant by the term ‘equilibrium’


Q1. (c) Nitrogen is used to make ammonia.

The word equation for the reaction is:

nitrogen + hydrogen ______________ ammonia

Write the correct symbol in the equation to show that it is a reversible reaction.(1)

(d) A reversible reaction can reach equilibrium.

Complete the sentence.

Equilibrium is reached when the forward reaction and the reverse reaction happen

at the same ____________________ .

Page 25 of 49

(1)

Q2. This question is about ammonia (NH3) and compounds of ammonia.

(a) Which diagram shows the arrangement of outer shell electrons in a molecule of ammonia?

Tick one box.

(1)

(b) What type of bonding is present in ammonia?

Tick one box.

Covalent

Ionic

Metallic

(1)

Ammonia is produced by reacting nitrogen and hydrogen.

(c) Balance the equation for the reaction.

N2 + 3H2 ___NH3

(1)

(d) What does the sign represent?

___________________________________________________________________(1)

Q3. Some students investigated reactions to produce magnesium.

(ii) Draw a ring around the relative mass of chlorine in MgCl2

71 95 119

Page 26 of 49

(1)

(d) Magnesium is also produced from the reaction of magnesium oxide with silicon.

(i) The equation for the reaction is:

2 MgO(s) + Si(s) SiO2(s) + 2 Mg(s)

What is the meaning of this symbol ?


neutralisation reaction precipitation reaction reversible reaction

(1)

(ii) The forward reaction is endothermic.

Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

In an endothermic reaction the temperature of the surroundings

decreases.

increases.

stays the same.

(1)(Total 12 marks)

Mark schemesQ1.

(c) ignore any extra words

1(d) rate

allow speedallow pacedo not accept timedo not accept amountdo not accept leveldo not accept point

1Q2.

(a) A1

(b) covalent1

(c) N2 + 3H2 2NH3

allow correct multiples1

(d) reversible (reaction)1

Q3. (ii) 71

1(d) (i) reversible reaction

Page 27 of 49

1(ii) decreases

1[12]

Revision Homework 7: Physics


Topic: Series and parallel circuits (P.30)1 Do series circuits have one loop or multiple loops? 1 loop

2 Do parallel circuits have one loop or multiple loops? Multiple loops

3 Describe the distribution of current in a series circuit It is the same everywhere

4 Describe the distribution of potential difference in a series circuit Split between components

5 Describe the distribution of current in a parallel circuit Split up in the different loops

6 Describe the distribution of potential difference in a parallel circuit The same in each loop

7 Name the component used to measure current Ammeter8 Name the component used to measure voltage Voltmeter

9 State the equation for calculating resistance in a series circuit Rtotal = R1 +R2

10 How do you calculate total resistance in a series circuit? Sum the resistance of each component


Compare and contrast series and parallel circuits in terms of current and potential difference.Calculate resistance in series circuits and describe resistance in parallel circuits.

Section 3: Exam questions Q1. Figure 2 shows four different arrangements of resistors.

Figure 2

(e) Two of the arrangements are in series and two are in parallel. Describe the difference between a series and a parallel arrangement.

___________________________________________________________________

Page 28 of 49

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(f) Which arrangement has a resistance of 10 Ω?

Tick one box.

P Q R S

(1)

(g) Which arrangement has the highest resistance?

Tick one box.

P Q R S

(1)

Q2.Components can be connected in electrical circuits in different ways. Figure 1 shows a parallel circuit.

Figure 1

(c) Calculate the current measured by ammeter A2.

Current = ____________________ A(1)

(d) The circuit is connected for 300 sThe total current in the circuit stays at 0.56 ACalculate the total charge flow.Use the equation:

charge flow = current × time

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Page 29 of 49

___________________________________________________________________

Charge flow = ____________________ C(2)

(e) The potential difference supplied by the battery is 4.5 VCalculate the total energy transferred in 300 sUse the equation:

energy transferred = charge flow × potential differenceUse your answer to part (d).

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Energy transferred = ____________________ J(2)

(f) Figure 2 shows a series circuit.

Figure 2

Resistor R2 breaks.

What happens to the reading on the ammeter?

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(g) Figure 3 shows a parallel circuit.

Figure 3

Resistor R3 breaks.

What happens to the readings on the ammeter?

Page 30 of 49

Ammeter A1 _________________________________________________________

Ammeter A2 _________________________________________________________(2)

Q3. (c) Figure 2 shows how two lamps may be connected in series or in parallel to the 230 volt mains electricity supply.

Figure 2

(i) Calculate the potential difference across each lamp when the lamps are connected in series.

The lamps are identical.

______________________________________________________________

Potential difference when in series = ___________ V(1)

(ii) What is the potential difference across each lamp when the lamps are connected in parallel? Tick () one box.

115 V 230 V 460 V

(1)

(iii) Give one advantage of connecting the lamps in parallel instead of in series.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

Q4. (b) Figure 1 shows three circuits.The resistors in the circuits are identical.Each of the cells has a potential difference of 1.5 volts.

Figure 1

Circuit 1 Circuit 2 Circuit 3

Page 31 of 49

(i) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.

half twice the same as

The resistance of circuit 1 is _________________ the resistance of circuit 3.(1)

(ii) Calculate the reading on voltmeter V2.

______________________________________________________________

Voltmeter reading V2 = _______________ V(1)

(iii) Which voltmeter, V1, V2 or V3, will give the lowest reading?


V1 V2 V3

(1)

(c) A student wanted to find out how the number of resistors affects the current in a series circuit. Figure 2 shows the circuit used by the student.

Figure 2

The student started with one resistor and then added more identical resistors to the circuit.

Each time a resistor was added, the student closed the switch and took the ammeter reading.

The student used a total of 4 resistors.

Figure 3 shows three of the results obtained by the student.

Figure 3

Page 32 of 49

Number of resistors in series

(i) To get valid results, the student kept one variable the same throughout the experiment.

Which variable did the student keep the same?

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) The bar chart in Figure 3 is not complete. The result using 4 resistors is not shown.

Complete the bar chart to show the current in the circuit when 4 resistors were used.

(2)

(iii) What conclusion should the student make from the bar chart?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

Mark schemesQ1.

(e) a series circuit has only one path/loop/branch1

a parallel circuit has a branch(es) to provide more than one path / loopallow answers that describe the difference in terms of potential difference, current or resistance

1(f) R

1(g) P

1(h) Q = 0.97 × 60

1Q = 58.2 (C)

1Q = 58 (C)

an answer of 58 (C) scores 3 marks1

[11]Q2.

(c) 0.13 (A)

Page 33 of 49

1(d) 0.56 × 300

1168 (C)

an answer of 168 (C) scores 2 marks1

(e) 168 × 4.51

756 (J)an answer of 756 (J) scores 2 marksallow ecf from part (d)

1(f) decreases to zero

allow reads zero1

(g) (A1) decreases to zeroallow reads zero

1(A2) decreases

1Q3.

(c) (i) 1151

(ii) 2301

(iii) if one goes out the other still worksorbrighter

accept power (output) is greatercan be switched on/off independently is insufficient

1Q4.

(b) (i) half1

(ii) 3(V)1

(iii) V1

1(c) (i) potential difference / voltage of the power supply

accept the power supplyaccept the voltage / voltsaccept number of cells / batteriesaccept (same) cells / batteriesdo not accept same ammeter / switch / wires

1(ii) bar drawn – height 1.(00)A

ignore width of barallow 1 mark for bar shorter than 3rd bar

2(iii) as the number of resistors increases the current decreases

1[10]

Page 34 of 49



Topic: Radioactive decay and radiation (P.22)

1 What two words can we use to describe the process of radioactive decay? Random and unpredictable

2 What is the word to describe the rate at which a source of unstable nuclei decays Activity

3 What is the word to describe the number of decays recorded each second by a detector Count rate

4 What is the equipment for measuring radiation. Geiger-Muller tube

5 Name three types of nuclear radiation alpha particle, beta particle, gamma ray

6 Describe the structure of an alpha particle 2 neutrons & 2 protons (helium nucleus)7 What is a beta particle? A negative electron8 What is a gamma ray? A high energy electromagnetic wave

9 Three main types of radiation in order of high to low ionising power. alpha, beta, gamma

10 Three main types of radiation in order of high to low penetrating power. gamma, beta, alpha

11 Distances alpha, beta and gamma can go in air. Alpha: 3-5cm, Beta: ~1m, Gamma: several hundred km


Recall the definition and units for activity and count rateDescribe what makes up alpha, beta, gamma and neutron radiationDescribe the properties of each type of radiation


Q1. Gamma radiation is emitted from the nuclei of some atoms.(a) What is a gamma ray? Tick one box.

A helium nucleusA high speed electron

A neutron

A type of electromagnetic radiation

(1)(b) Which would be the best absorber of gamma radiation? Tick one box.

A few mm of air

A thick sheet of cardboard

A thick sheet of lead

A thin sheet of paper(1)

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Q2. Alpha, beta and gamma are types of nuclear radiation. A teacher sets up a demonstration of the penetration properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation. The figure below shows the demonstration.

(a) Complete the figure above by writing the name of the radiation in each box.(2)

(b) Give two safety precautions the teacher should take in the demonstration.

1. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

Q3. (a) The figure below shows a helium atom.

(i) Which one of the particles in the atom is not charged? Draw a ring around the correct answer.

electron neutron proton(1)

(ii) Which two types of particle in the atom have the same mass?

__________________________ and __________________________(1)

(iii) What is the atomic number of a helium atom? Draw a ring around the correct answer.

2 4 6Give a reason for your answer.

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______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(b) Alpha particles are one type of nuclear radiation.

(i) Name one other type of nuclear radiation.

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.

electrons neutrons protons

The difference between an alpha particle and a helium atom is that the alpha

particle does not have any _________________________ .(1)

(iii) Which one of the following is a property of alpha particles?

Tick () one box.

Have a long range in air

Are highly ionising

Will pass through metals

(1)

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Mark schemesQ1.

(a) a type of electromagnetic radiation1

(b) a thick sheet of lead1

Q2.(a) gamma

allow 1 mark for 1 or 2 correctbetaalpha

2(b) any two from:

• do not point (radioactive) source at students• keep (radioactive) source outside the box for minimum time necessary• wear safety glasses or eye protection or do not look at source• wear gloves• hold (radioactive) source away from body• hold (radioactive) source with tongs / forceps

2Q3.

(a) (i) neutron1

(ii) neutronproton

both required, either order1

(iii) 21

number of protonsdo not accept number of electrons

1(b) (i) any one from:

• beta• gamma

accept correct symbolsaccept positron / neutrino / neutroncosmic rays is insufficient

1(ii) electrons

1(iii) are highly ionising

1

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1 Define "irradiation" Exposing an object to nuclear radiation. The irradiated object does not become radioactive.

2 Define "half life" The time it takes for the number of unstable nuclei of the isotope in a sample to halve

3 Define "radioactive contamination" The unwanted presence of radioactive atoms on other materials

4 State two natural sources of background radiation Rocks and cosmic rays

5 State two man made sources of background radiation

Fallout from nuclear weapons testing, nuclear accidents

6 Define 'background radiation' Radiation around us all the time.

7 Define 'radiation dose' The amount of radiation that is absorbed by a person (Sv)

8 State 2 medical uses of nuclear radiation

Exploring internal organs, control/destruction of unwanted tissue.

9Would you use a short or long half life material for using a tracer in the intestine?

Short – (half a day approximately) - you don't want to leave the hospital if you are still give out high levels of radiation.

10 Why can't alpha be used to look at internal organs? It would not be able to penetrate the skin


Define half-lifeComplete half-life calculations from graphs or other dataDescribe the impact and precautions for radioactive contamination


Q1. The nuclei of some isotopes are radioactive. (c) The activity of a sample of potassium-40 is measured 3 times.

The measurements are given below.

4906 Bq 4956 Bq 4889 BqWhich of the following statements explains why the readings are different?Tick one box.

Radioactive decay is constant.

Radioactive decay is hazardous.

Radioactive decay is random.

(1)

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(d) The figure below shows how the activity of a sample of potassium-40 changes over time.

Use the figure above to determine the half-life of potassium-40.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Half-life = ____________________ billion years(2)

(e) When food is eaten, some of the radiation the food emits is detectable outside the body.Which type of radiation would not be detectable outside the body?Tick one box.

alpha

beta

gamma

(1)

Q2. Some rocks inside the Earth contain a radioactive element, uranium-238. When an atom of uranium-238 decays, it gives out an alpha particle.

(a) The following statement about alpha particles was written by a student.The statement is not correct.

Change one word in the statement to make it correct. Write down your new statement.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

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(b) The graph shows how the count rate from a sample of uranium-238 changes with time.

The graph can be used to find the half-life of uranium-238. The half-life is 4 500 million years.

(i) Draw on the graph to show how it can be used to find the half-life of uranium -238.

(1)

(ii) There is now half as much uranium-238 in the rocks as there was when the Earth was formed.

How old is the Earth?

Draw a ring around your answer.

2250 million years 4500 million years 9000 million years

(1)

(iii) If a sample of uranium-238 were available, it would not be possible to measure the half-life in a school experiment.

Explain why.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

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(Total 5 marks)

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Mark schemes

Q1.

(c) Radioactive decay is random.1

(d) 1.3 (billion years)allow 1.2-1.4 (billion years)

2

allow 1 mark for horizontal line drawn from ~ 550

(e) alpha1

[7]

Q2.(a) alpha particles cannot pass through…

do not accept gamma particles…oralpha particles can pass through a very thin sheet of paper / card

credit answers where correct amendments are made to boxed statement

1

(b) (i) horizontal and vertical line drawn at correct positions on the graphaccept a cross drawn at 4500 / 500 on the curveortwo pairs of lines drawn, for example, at 600 and 300accept a horizontal line drawn at 500 on its owndo not accept vertical lines only

1

(ii) 4500 million years1

(iii) half-life too longdo not accept simply its half-life is 4500 million years

1

no (measurable) change in count ratedo not accept have not got the equipmentdo not accept it’s harmful (to children)if neither of the above points scored, accept not enough time to measure it for 1 mark

1[5]

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Topic Parts of the cell

1 What is the main difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

Eukaryotic have their DNA contained within a nucleus

2 Give an example of a eukaryotic cell. Animal and plant cells3 Give an example of a prokaryotic cell. Bacteria4 What is the function of cell wall? Supports/ Strengthens the cell5 What is the function of mitochondria? Where respiration takes place6 What is the function of the nucleus? Controls the activities of the cell7 What us the function of cell membrane? Controls what enters/exits the cell8 What is the function of the vacuole? Store sugars and salts9 What is the function of chloroplasts? Absorb light for photosynthesis10 What is the function of cytoplasm? Where chemical reactions of the cell takes place


Describe the structure of plant, animal and bacteria cells, classifying as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.Identify and explain the functions of sub-cellular structures


Q1. Figure 1 shows an animal cell and a bacterial cell.

Figure 1

(a) Compare the structure of the cells in Figure 1.

Complete the sentences.

Choose the answers from the box.

cell membrane cell wall chloroplast

cytoplasm nucleus

Only the animal cell contains a _________________________________________ .

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Only the bacterial cell contains a _______________________________________ .(2)

Q2. Figure 1 shows one type of white blood cell.

Figure 1

(a) What is structure A? Tick one box.

Cell membrane

Cell wall

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

(1)

Q3.Living organisms are made of cells.

(a) Animal and plant cells have several parts. Each part has a different function.Draw one line from each cell part to the correct function of that part.

(3)

(b) The diagram below shows a cell from a plant leaf.

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Which two parts in the diagram above are not found in an animal cell?

1. _________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________(2)

Q4. (a) The diagram shows the structure of a bacterial cell.

(i) On the diagram use words from the box to label structures A, B and C.

cell membrane cell wall chloroplast cytoplasm plasmid

(3)

(ii) Give one difference between the structure of the bacterial cell and an animal cell.

______________________________________________________________(1)

(iii) Name one structure that is found in a plant cell but is not found in a bacterial or an animal cell.

______________________________________________________________(1)

Q5. The diagrams show an animal cell and a bacterial cell.

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(a) (i) Structures A and B are found in both the animal cell and the bacterial cell.Use words from the box to name structures A and B.

cell membrane chloroplast cytoplasm vacuole

A ______________________________

B ______________________________(2)

(ii) Both cells contain genetic material.Name the structure in the animal cell that contains genetic material.

______________________________________________________________(1)

(b) List A gives three structures found in animal cells.List B gives four functions of cell structures.Draw one line from each structure in List A to its correct function in List B.

List A – Structure List B – Function

Controls what substancesenter the cell

Cell membrane

Photosynthesis

Mitochondrion

Protein synthesis

Ribosome

Respiration

(3)

Mark schemesQ1. (a) nucleus (1) cell wall (1)

Q2.(a) cell membrane 1

Q3.

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(a) 3

(b) Cell wall1

Chloroplastallow (permanent) vacuole

1Q4. (a) (i) A − (cell) wall

1B − cytoplasm

1C − plasmid

1(ii) bacterium cell has cell wall / no nucleus / no mitochondria / plasmids

presentaccept its DNA / genetic material is not enclosed / it has no nuclear membraneit = bacterium cellaccept converse for animal cellignore flagella

1(iii) any one from:

• chloroplastignore chlorophyll

• (permanent) vacuole1

Q5.(a) (i) A = cytoplasm

1B = (cell) membrane

1(ii) nucleus

1

(b)

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3

[6]

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· Web view2020-03-25 · Year 10 Combined Science - Foundation. Mock Exam Revision. Paper 1. Instead of a year 10 end of year exam this year, you will be sitting a science mock