Upload
pallavi-kanungo-uprit
View
37
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Web-GIS applications in Disaster Management - application to the
Tsunami
Athar Siddiqui Ragini Bhate
J G KrishnayyaSystems Research Institute
Pune 411037
<[email protected]> <www.sripune.org>
Presented at:
National Seminar on GIS application in Rural Development with focus on Disaster Management
at NIRD, Hyderabad - 9-11 March, 2005
Equivalent to impact of several Cyclones
Took away thousands of lives
Destroyed many many houses
Left the survivors on a long road for rehabilitation
Tsunami - a massive Disaster
Tsunami – What is it?
Tsunami is a Japanese word which means ` harbour wave ’.They are generated when the ocean floor shifts vertically, usuallydue to an earthquake.
When a shift in the ocean floor displaces the water above,the body of water travels as a huge wave to regain the equilibrium.
In deep water, a tsunami can travel at ~700 km/hr, but it gets slower near the coast and water mass rises up to 50m.
Destruction caused by Tsunami
A tsunami can strip coasts of sand, uproot trees, wipe out towns. Traveling 100s of meters inland,it can flood coastal towns
Taken from: TOI Dec 27, 04
We couldn’t stop it, but we can provide relief as fast as possible…
be prepared for such calamities so as to minimize the
destruction and repair the damage and restore livelihoods
What specifically can we do?
GIS comes into the picture…
We know that any planning and management process requires data as a support to take decision. If the data is on paper or even in computers in tabular format, it can’t be as useful as data represented on maps because this can enable us to create various thematic analyses ad hoc.
It is said that –A Picture is worth a Thousand Words…
Need of Web GIS in Disaster management
• Accessibility and dissemination of timely and accurate information• Centralized Control: A web GIS can disseminate information from a control room which can reach everyone. Authenticity and accuracy are guaranteed.• Only one map needs to be maintained at the server. • Changes made in the map are reflected everywhere• No need for a GIS Software with the users• No need for training the users in GIS• Instant Feedback and updation: The current status can be updated from moment to moment
Web-based GIS play a vital role in this aspect providing timely and right information to the concerned people and the emergency managers for taking necessary actions
Next few slides show the creation of
base maps and showing different
features in different layers
[The map used in this example was made by the French Institute, Pondicherry in 2000, under a UNFPA project on Population in South India]
A base map showing the coastal region.Villages shown in Red are
the most affected ones because they are about5 km away from the coast.
Villages shown in Blue
can provide help to the affected
region as they lie within
5 to 10 km belt from the coast.
Important information of the map objects can be instantly accessed by placing the cursor on the objects.
Map-Querying, ad-hoc, on-line
Categorizing Villages
Possible Shelters
Hospitals and medical facilities
Point-and-Click shows the medical balance. Before the event, only the resources would be shown. After the event we would update the Patients field. More points would be added as and when emergency clinics and First Aid posts are set up.
8-Km Isochrone around Hospital
The 2x2 km grid cells give an idea of the geographical distribution of Population. (Gives an idea of the potential number of refugees.)(map created using the GC-GeoMiner module; size of grid is up to the user)
Over-served and under-served areas. (In this case for Medical centres - we need some more emergency clinics.) The same analysis could be done for Food godowns and distribution centres, etc.
A 1 km Buffer Zone around Creeks / river beds; locations requiring study
59 Villages are found to be in the 1 km x 12 km buffer up the river beds.
Hosting the maps on the Internet…
A Web GIS
All screen-captures were made with MS Internet Explorer. There is no use of a GIS at the user-site. We could be using a PC-based, laptop-based or palmtop-
based browser.
Maps on a web browser on a Palmtop
These pictures show a simulated GeoConcept Pocket GIS working on the Compaq palmtop. We are, however, recommending that the palmtop be used with only a browser.
The base-map. Each button is labelled. Clicking on it will bring up a specific map.
Result of pressing the “Medical Facility” button
Service Area of a Hospital
We spelled out the name of a village; the map was re-centred on that village; we
clicked on it and the attribute-data appears
below.
Quick Navigation on the map
Various positions on the map can be saved which can be accessed with a single mouse click
Viewing a map at different zoom levels : More features may
appear as you zoom in.
Possible Shelters
The High Schools, Middle Schools etc. and other Pucca constructions can be identified. They can be potential shelters.
Villages which are far from the coast might still be affected because they are near the rivers.A 1-Km buffer on each side of the river bed.
Showing the Population density by using a Grid can be useful in identifying what are likely to be the worst-affected areas
These areas are densely populated and are very near the coastline
The slides shown are only a few examples of using GIS – especially WEB-GIS - in Disaster Management with special reference to Cyclones and the Tsunami. A similar case could be made for GIS-aided management of other natural disasters, such as Earthquakes and monsoon flooding.
Effective use of GIS in advance of any actual event enables one to plan the pre-deployment of things in the right place – telecom equipment, shelters, medicine, jeeps; also to micro-manage information in the post-disaster period - identify the most vulnerable locations; direct traffic onto the routes that are open, etc.; and finally to provide monitoring and evaluation support in the long-term for rehabilitation.
Systems Research Institute17-A Gultekdi, Pune-37
www.sripune.orge-mail:[email protected]
Ph# 020-24260323