Weathering & Erosion Unit Review

Question #1

What is the change in physcial form or chemical composition of rock materials on the Earth’s surface?

Answer:

Weathering

Question #2:

What is the type of weathering when rocks are physically broken down?

Answer:

Mechanical

Question #3:

What is the type of weathering when rocks change their chemical composition?

Answer:

Chemical

Question #4:

What is it called when water seeps into cracks, freezes, and expands, breaking the rock around it?

Answer:

Ice wedging

Question #5:

What is the type of weathering when plant roots work to break up rock?

Answer:

organic

Question #6:

What is it called when rocks rub against each other and wear down?

Answer:

abrasion

Question #7:

What is the chemical reaction called that breaks down rocks with water?

Answer:

Hydrolysis

Question #8:

Which type of rock weathers the fastest?

Answer:

Sedimentary rock

Question #9:

Which type of sedimentary rock weathers the fastest?

Answer:

Limestone

Question #10:

Which type of rock does not weather easily?

Answer:

Quartzite

Question #11:

Which will weather faster: a large rock or the large rock broken into pieces?

Answer:

The large rock broken into pieces

Question #12:

What are the four factors that affect the rate of weathering?

Answer:

Composition, exposure, climate, topography

Question #13:

In what type of climates does weathering occur slowly?

Answer:

Hot and dry OR cold and dry

Question #14:

What is the process by which the products of weathering are transported?

Answer:

erosion

Question #15:

The main difference between erosion and weathering is that erosion involves what?

Answer:

transportation

Question #16:

What is the NAME of the top layer of soil?

Answer:

Humus

Question #17

Which layer of soil has all the organic activity?

Answer:

humus

Question #18:

What is the NAME of the second layer of soil from the top?

Answer:

regolith

Question #19:

Which layer of soil has minerals that were leached down?

Answer:

regolith

Question #20:

What is the name of the third layer of soil from the top?

Answer:

Partially weathered bedrock

Question #21:

What is the name of the bottom layer of soil?

Answer:

bedrock

Question #22:

What is the smallest soil particle called?

Answer:

clay

Question #23:

What is the middle sized soil particle called?

Answer:

silt

Question #24:

What is the largest soil particle called?

Answer:

sand

Question #25

What is a cross section in which layers of the soil and the bedrock beneath the soil can be seen?

Answer:

A soil profile

Question #26:

What is a layer of soil called?

Answer:

Soil horizon

Question #27:

What is the process in which water carried dissolved minerals to lower layers of rock?

Answer:

leaching

Question #28:

In what type of climate does chemical weathering occur the fastest?

Answer:

Hot, wet

Question #29:

What kind of land is best for crops?

Answer:

Flat with drainage

Question #30:

What is it called when farmers make cuts in the land that eventually get big enough for erosion?

Answer:

gullying

Question #31:

What is it called when farmers plow up and down slopes to allow water to run off the slopes?

Answer:

furrowing

Question #31:

What is it called when farmers use methods to slow erosion?

Answer:

Soil conservation

Question #32:

What is a method farmers use for soil conservation??

Answer:

Crop rotation

Question #33:

What are the four agents of erosion?

Answer:

Wind, water, glaciers, gravity

Question #34:

What is the movement of fragments down a slope called?

Answer:

Mass movement

Question #35:

What is a rapid mass movement called?

Answer:

Landslide, mud flow, avalanche

Question #36:

What is a slow mass movement called?

Answer:

creep

Question #37:

What are steep landforms with high elevation called?

Answer:

mountains

Question #38:

If mountains have low, rounded tops, are they probably young or old??

Answer:

old

Question #39:

What are gently sloped or flat surfaces at or below sea level called??

Answer:

plains

Question #40:

What are high-elevation flat surfaces above sea level called?

Answer:

plateaus

Question #41:

How would you classify the soil if the pH is less than 7?

Answer:

acidic

Question #42:

What is the term that describes how much water the soil can hold?

Answer:

porosity

Question #43:

Which term describes how well water can flow through soil?

Answer:

permeability

Question #44:

What is the process by which the products of weathering are transported called?

Answer:

erosion

Question #45:

What are the spaces in between the soil particles called?

Answer:

Pore spaces

Have fun studying!!