Weather and Climate

Year 11

You need to know…

• What is weather and climate?

• What causes rain (precipitation)?

• What are depressions and anti-cyclones?

• What weather do they bring?

Case studies:

• a significant weather event

• a seasonal weather event

Weather and Climate• Weather is the state of the atmosphere at any

particular moment.• Climate is the state of the atmosphere over a

period of time.

Weather can be measured•Temperature (centigrade)•Pressure (millibars)•Rainfall (millimetres)•Wind direction•Wind speed (mph)•Cloud cover

Climate can be measured

Months

Rai

nfa

ll

Tem

pera

tur

e

HIGHLANDRISE

COOL

CONDENSE CLOUDS

RAINSHADOWReliefRainfall

HEAT RISE

COOL

CONDENSE CLOUDSConvectionalRainfall

COLD WARM COLDFrontal rainfall

Isobars

WarmFrontCold

Front

N S

W

Low

High

Wind

Cold Cold

Warm

Gentle w

inds

Wind direction

1028

1024

1020

High

Low

INDIA

BANGLADESH

INDIAN OCEAN

BAY OFBENGAL

HIMALAYAS

JUNE

AUSTRALIA

Hot landmass

Cold landmass

Low pressure area

High pressure areaWarm, wet winds

EQUATOR

INDIAN OCEAN

INDIA

BANGLADESH

INDIAN OCEAN

BAY OFBENGAL

HIMALAYAS

DEC

AUSTRALIA

Cold landmass

Hot landmass

High pressure area

Low pressure areaEQUATOR

INDIAN OCEAN

Dry winds

Wet winds

Map and source evidence

• Use evidence from maps and graphs to answer questions on industrial location and change

• Question B4 c, d (Paper 2, June ‘04)

BUG

• Box the question word, Underline the key words and Glance back to check you’ve understood what the question is asking.

(c)(i)1 mark for distance; 1 for direction ref. (1+1) = [2]Examples: About 28oN (1) of the Equator (1) About 400 km (1) east of China (1)About 600 km (1) north-east of Taiwan (1).(ii)Three points required. (3x1) = [3]Example: From 2nd August moved north (1) 400 km (1) east of China (1) and 350/400km (1) west of Japan (1) eventually reaching land on the west coast of South Korea (1)

(d)(i) No mark for country; 2 marks for reasons. 1 max for description. Example: China because highest number of dead at 400 (1) and highest number homeless at 1.8m (1). (1+1) = [2](ii) Looking for at least two different responses; credit 4 max for one well-qualified answer.Examples: Most LEDCs are economically poor (1) so lack technology/investment in severe weather warnings (1) and regard warnings as low investment priority/take the risk (1). Lack of organised emergency procedures (1) means vulnerable to maximum exposure to damage (1). Many LEDCs are situated in areas where severe weather events occur (1) so they get most damage (1). Housing/infrastructure of LEDCs of poor quality (1) with low safety standards (1) and often weak shelters of poor materials (1). Communications in LEDCs are poor (1) so difficult to spread any warning messages in time (1). Population usually high in LEDCs (1) and not mobile enough due to poor/lack of transport to evacuate quickly (1). Medical care is low in LEDCs (1) so great loss of life following the event. (6x1) or(4 max +2) or (3+3) or (3x2) = [6]