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Differentiating Instruction
Identifying With Your English Learners
&Success In The Making
Our Workshop Objectives
•We will recognize why we need to differentiate instruction for all students through group discussions and PowerPoint presentation.
•We will ascertain what is and what is not differentiated instruction throughout the workshop through discussion.
•We will discuss students learning styles and explore why this is important to differentiating instruction.
•We will compose a list of Before, During, and After activities that Differentiate Instruction throughout your lesson.
•We will review in small and whole group ways we can accommodate assessments for ELs
•We will share success stories we have had working with our ELs, through school or system efforts.
Today At a Glance
DI
Break10:20 10:30
DI
Lunch11:45 12:45
End DI Share
Dismiss
2:30
What Does Differentiating Instruction
Mean to You?
Pair and Share
From Mehlinger, 1995 . . .
“Most teachers teach every child the same material in the same way, and measure each child’s performance by the same standards…. Thus, teachers embrace the value of treating each child as a unique individual while instructing children as if they were virtually identical.”
Differentiating Instruction Is…
Differentiated Instruction applies an approach
to teaching and learning that gives students
multiple options for taking in information and
making sense of ideas. Differentiated
instruction is a teaching theory based on the
premise that instructional approaches should
vary and be adapted in relation to individual and
diverse students in classrooms . (Tomlinson, 2001).
To Differentiate InstructionWhat Must We Know About Our
ELs?
With a Partner
Discuss
Take Notes
Present to Whole Group
To Differentiate Instruction We Must Know Our ELs…
English Language Proficiency Level
Learning Style/s
Student History
Student Culture
Readiness
Interests
Teachers are Successful At Differentiating Instruction for ELs
When They:
Know their students learning styles
Hold high expectations
Employ Research Based ongoing
informal assessments
Provide multiple types of assessments Adapted from Colorin Colarado
AndWhen They:
Differentiate homework
Collaborate
Use flexible grouping
Make content comprehensible
Adapted from Colorin Colarado
What are You Doing Today to Differentiate Instruction for ELs?
Jot
and
Share
How Do You Make Content Comprehensible For
ELs?
Turn and Share
Make a partner list of ideas
Share in whole group
Characteristics of A
Differentiated Classroom
All students explore, apply, and understand the same benchmarks
Continuous assessment is an integral part of the curriculum.
Flexible grouping is used consistently
Students are active explorers
What Can You Differentiate?
Activity• Walk around the room and speak to three people you do not know.•Discuss what can be differentiated in a classroom.•Take notes•Whole group share
This activity develops language acquisition and provides ideas about the content you may not have thought about.
What Can You Differentiate?
Time Teaching
Strategies Learning
Strategies Classroom
Assessments Materials and
Resources Grouping Expectations
- Tracking
- A New Strategy
- Static
- Teaching to the Middle
- A series of activities
- Lowering the Bar
- Flexible Grouping
- Student Centered
- Rigorous / Relevant
- For all Learners
- Based on academic and personal needs
- Fosters relationshipsand reflection
IS NOT… IS…
Differentiated Instruction
What Does It Take To Differentiate?
Set rigorous and relevant goals
Students need to know / be able to do?
Where are they on the learning curve now?
Select instructional strategiesthat will enhance the learning.
Monitor student progress andadjust instruction if needed.
Brain Research Confirms What Experienced Teachers Have Always Known: No two children are alike
No two children learn in the identical way
An enriched environment for one student is not necessarily enriched for another
In the classroom we should teach children to think for themselves
Marian Diamond
•Discuss bullets in small group
•Share in whole group
What Is A Learning Style?
A learning style is…A way to take in and process information
A preference that gets stronger the more it is used
The way the mind operates
The way we learn!
Why Should I Care About Learning Styles?
The way a child learns affects his/her entire personality and development.
Understanding learning styles will help teachers and students to better communicate.
Understanding learning styles will help teachers to differentiate instruction.
Learning Styles
Activity
Pass out one question per table
Discuss question at your table
Answer the question with your group
One person per table will share in whole group
Sensing Thinking Learner(ST)
Likes:– Immediate responses and feedback
– Details and sequential order
– Hands-on activities with a specific, correct answer
– Clear, concise, step-by-step directions
– Knowing exact expectations; why something has to be done, and how well it is to be done
– Drill and practice
Intuitive Thinking Learner (NT)
Likes:– Planning and organizing before working
– Working independently
– Analyzing and examining pros and cons
– Arguing and debating
– Thinking about ideas and how they are related
– Finding/designing a new way to do something
– Logical and strategic games
Intuitive Feeling Learner
(NF)Likes:
– Learning without time constraints
– Praise for personal ideas and insights
– Using creativity and imagination
– Open-ended activities with many possibilities
– Working on many things at once
– Self-expression and self-discovery
– Creative and artistic activities
Sensing Feeling Learner
(SF)Likes:
– Getting personal attention and praise
– Sharing feelings and experiences
– Working in groups/being part of a team
– Having someone show how to do something
– Role-playing and personal expression
– Non-competitive games where no one loses
– Interpersonal activities; opportunities to learn about himself/herself
Example.. Questions Students May
Have Sensing Thinking (ST): WHAT?
ST: WHAT is the correct way to do this?
Intuitive Thinking (NT): WHY?
NT: WHY does is have to be done this way?
Intuitive Feeling (NF): WHAT IF?
NF: WHAT IF we tried doing it this way?
Sensing Feeling (SF): WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO ME?
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO ME to do this?
In A Nutshell…
No one learning style is better than another.
We all have characteristics of each learning style; some characteristics are just stronger than others.
Learning about each style will help us to better understand and communicate with our students.
Knowing about each learning style will help teachers to better understand how students learn and how to differentiate instruction.
- Tracking
- A New Strategy
- Static
- Teaching to the Middle
- A series of activities
- Lowering the Bar
- Flexible Grouping
- Student Centered
- Rigorous / Relevant
- For all Learners
- Based on academic and personal needs
- Fosters relationshipsand reflection
IS NOT… IS…
Differentiated Instruction
Differentiating Instruction Video Clip
Differentiating Instruction
Differentiating InstructionBefore the
Lesson
During the Lesson
After the Lesson
DI Before The Lesson
Plan Ahead
Student’s Background
Vocabulary
Student’s Knowledge
Link to previous lesson
DI Before The Lesson Continued
Pre-teach
Reflect
Supplementary Materials
Word Banks
Adapt Materials
Lower level non-fiction materials
DI During The Lesson
Now It’s Your Turn Select a Partner/group
With Partner brainstorm DI During the Lesson
Compose a List of Ideas
Partners/group writes 2 ideas on chart paper
Share in whole group
Other Suggestions For DI During The Lesson
Simplified language/vocabulary
Pre-Questions
Present concrete concepts/vocabulary
Categorize content information
Highlighting
More Suggestions For DI During The Lesson
Repeat/Paraphrase
Real life experiences
Teach text skills
Model and reinforce learning strategies
Teach note taking/recording
DI After The Lesson
Provide quality notes
Watch content videos/listen to recorded lesson
Provide activities to reinforce content and vocabulary
Support language development in small groups
Adjust assignments to ELs proficiency level
Differentiating Assessments
For English Learners, A Brief Look
Maintain A Balanced Assessment System
“To maximize student success, assessment must be seen as an instructional tool for use while learning is occurring, and as an accountability tool to determine if learning has occurred.
Because both purposes are important, they must be in balance.”
From Balanced Assessment: The Key to Accountability and Improved Student Learning, NEA (2003)
Experts Tell Us…
“Assessment should promote learning,
not simply measure it.”
Jay McTighe
“Assessment should always havemore to do with helping studentsgrow than with cataloging theirmistakes.”
Carol Tomlinson
Categories Of English Learners• Newly arrived students with adequate formal schooling •Newly arrived students with limited formal schooling
•Long-term English-language learners
•Students exposed to two languages simultaneously
Consider The Purposes For Assessment
Ask Yourself
“Does my assessment connect to the language and content standards and goals?”
Think about your assessment practices and are they consistent with your own instructional objectives and goals?
Use Authentic Assessment Tools
Conduct multiple forms of evaluations
Anecdotal records
Checklists
Portfolios
Rating Scales
Access In Non-Traditional Ways Involve student in performance
assessment.
Students show knowledge through non-language ways such as Venn diagrams, charts, drawings, mind maps, or PowerPoint slides.
Access learning through participation activities.
Teach students reading strategies and use these to access literacy.
Assessment Accommodations For
Newcomers•Students answer orally
• Bilingual professional assists with assessment
•Demonstrate reading progress through group assessments
•Allow students to provide responses in multiple formats
•Accept response in students’ native language if translation is possible.
•Use bilingual dictionary
Assessment Accommodations For Developing ELs
• Have an aide record student answers
•Divide assessment into small chunks
•Use visuals
•Simplify vocabulary
•Begin the assessment with several examples
•Simplify assessment directions
•Add glossaries in English or the fi rst language
•Ask questions in the affirmative rather than the negative and teach the language of testing
Forms of Assessments1. Dictation
2. Cloze tests The student must decide the appropriate words for the blanks.
3. Multiple-choice tests. Possibly omit choices to three.
4. Strip stories where EL students put back in the correct order.
5. Role play
6. Using writing samples determines certain grammatical strengths and weaknesses.
7. Portfolios show their progress and achievements in one or more areas.
What have you learned today about Differentiating Instruction and Assessments for English Learners?
Activity
Parallel Lines
Success In The Making
Works Cited
Bailey, Kathleen M. Learning About Language Asessment: Dilemmas, Decisions, and Directions . Boston: Heinle & Heinle Publishers, 1998.
Susan Davis Lenski, Fabiola Ehlers-zavala, Mayra C. Daniel, Xiaoqin Sun-irminger, Assessing English-language learners, in mainstream classrooms
Freeman, D., & Freeman, Y. (2004). Essential linguistics: What you need to know to teach reading, ESL, spelling,phonics, and grammar. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Freeman, Y., & Freeman, D. (2003). Struggling English language learners: Keys for academic success. TESOL Journal, 12(3), 18–23.
Questions ?
Comments
Thank You for Participating Today!
Hope to See You Next Year!
Dely V. Roberts – Title III/EL Specialist [email protected]
Dr. Tammy Hallman Starnes– Title III/EL Coordinator
Presentation and handouts available: Click- ALEX…
Professional Learning…English Learners…
Professional Development…SAMUEL