Upload
sabina-cobb
View
213
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Power of the Church
EQ: How did the Christian Church utilize human ingenuity to transform the
politics of Western/Feudal Europe?
YESTERDAY…..
We talked about the Crusades, and what they meant to the feudal system & the Catholic Church.
BUT…. We need to backtrack. How can the Pope have so much power, that the people will just listen to him when he calls for 8 Crusades?!
That’s what these notes explain…
Let’s refresh…Write down & answer these questions!
1. What is the time period we are studying called?
2. Before – we were in the beginning of the Middle Ages “Dark Ages” • Why was it called that?
3. Were there any central governments in feudal Europe? Why or why not?
4. What became the most powerful institution in feudal Europe?
• In the U.S. government – do church and “state” work together? – Are there any laws against it?
• What problems can you foresee if the church and state work together?
• During the Middle Ages, who was the leader of the religious world? What about political?
NOTES TIPS
• RED = You should probably WRITE it DOWN or paraphrase it!
• GREEN = useful but not necessary
How was the Church structured?
• Church also had a structure or “hierarchy”
• Who was at the top?– Pope
• Who was under the pope?– Clergy – Body of officials who perform
religious services• Bishops• Priests – lowest ranking members
of the clergy
Notes Suggestion: use a hierarchical
pyramid to describe the
church hierarchy
Why was religion unifying?• Feudalism = divisions
• Christianity = sense of security and belonging – Sacraments – important religious
ceremonies paved the way for salvation • Like what? Baptism and communion
• Also created a system of justiceto guide conduct– Canon law – “Church law” – established
courts to convict people
Oh the Church is gonna be tough, are they??
• What kinds of punishments do you think they would give?– Excommunication- banishment from the
Church• How do you think this would take power
from political leaders?
– Interdict – More serious!• Many sacraments and religious services
could not be performed in the king’s lands– “doomed to hell” without these
Quick recap
• Charlemagne was crowned what? – By who? – A.D. 800
• Hmmm…could there be future conflicts because of this?
What is the Holy Roman Empire, and how did it arise?
• Wait – Didn’t the Roman Empire fall? –Well…
• Otto the Great – of Germany (East Frankish Kingdom) – was also crowned emperor by the pope (A.D. 962)– The German-Italian empire he created
became known as the Holy Roman Empire
–Why do you think it got this name?
Emperor and Pope throw some ‘bows (the Investiture Conflict)
• Lay investiture – a ceremony in which kings and nobles appointed church officials–Why would they want this power, and
who do you think is not gonna like this?
• Pope Gregory VII (new Gregory) banned lay investiture–Who’s not gonna like this?
“OMG, no he DIDN’T…”
• The German emperor, Henry IV, ordered Gregory to step down from the papacy– with the approval of the bishops
• Gregory excommunicated Henry (A.D. 1076)– bishops now switch sides…why?
• Henry tries to get forgiveness– Why such a break in his pride?– What do you think he does? How’s he gonna
do this?
WHAT IS THE PAPACY?What is
excommunication?
• January 1077- Henry crossed the snowy Alps to visit Gregory and BEGGED for forgiveness! – Is it “too late to apologize?”
• Pope forgave him after he waited three days (barefoot) in the snow (Pope had to forgive him b/c of Church law)
• Henry was just being politically shrewd…’cuz shortly after he was forgiven, he got rid of Gregory VII.
• 50 years later – a compromise was reached “Concordat of Worms” – the Church alone could appoint a bishop, but
the emperor could veto it
Now…
• The calling of the Crusades makes sense due to the increased power & slight corruption of the Catholic Church!
Click Me for a video!