Preposition: Prepared By: Dipak Parikh Principal, Vakal
Vidyalaya, Bajuwa, Baroda
We Love Prepositions!!!Dipakbhai V.Parikh Prepared By: Dipak
ParikhPrincipal, Vakal Vidyalaya, Bajuwa, Baroda
Dipakbhai V.Parikh PREPOSITION PREPOSITION: Pre + Position
Pre= Before or Beginning Subject
Subject is used in the beginning of a sentence.
Dipakbhai V.ParikhPreposition tells us about the position of
subject/agent in a sentence. Pre
Subject (doer of- -action)
Position
Dipakbhai V.Parikh(1)ON: One object is on the surface of the
other to show this relationship we use preposition on.Ex.(a) There
is a dog on the chair. (b) Children were playing games on the
terrace. The surface is horizontal here. But it can sometimes
Dipakbhai V.Parikh-vertical. Ex.(a) There is a picture on the
wall.(b) The teacher is writing on the blackboard. (c) Last night
we watched Kahani ghar ghar ki on T.V.In the context of travelling
: (a) He goes to school on foot.
Dipakbhai V.ParikhSometimes our perception of the world is
different from the native speakers of English. In the following
examples On is used in English whereas we would use the equivalent
of In. Ex.(a) There is a diamond ring on Ritus finger.(b) You have
forgotten to put on socks on your legs.Dipakbhai V.Parikh(2) In:
One object is inside the other object. This can be indicated using
in.Ex. (a) The bird is in the cage.(b) Passengers are in the
bus.(c) Students are in the class.
Dipakbhai V.ParikhSome times we look at the same thing in
different ways. If we consider that something in enclosed by or
inside the other thing we use in.Ex. (a) The next match will be
played in the Wankhede stadium.(b) A cuckoo is singing in the
tree.(c) He looked at me after sitting in the chair.(d) The T.V. is
in the cupboard.Dipakbhai V.Parikh
(3)In to: An object/person Moves to a place which is enclosed.
This is expressed using the preposition in toEx.(a) The man is
going in to the tunnel.(b) While walking he fell in to a pit.(c) A
frog jumped in to a pond.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh(d) Our bus entered in to the city of Baroda
at night.(e) A train is going into a pond.(4) Out of: An
object/person moves away from the place which is enclosed. To
indicate we use out of. Ex.(a) A snake is coming out of a
temple.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh
(b) A rate came out of the hole and looked at a camel.(c) If you
go our of Mumbai, You will get fresh air.(5)Inside/Outside: An
object/person is nearer or away from the centre of something, we
use Inside or outside.Ex.(a) The bird is inside the cage.
. Dipakbhai V.Parikh
(b)When you are out side, you are not in a building or other
structure. ( (c)My house is out side the village. (d) the dog is
out side the house. (6) Above: One object is at a higher level than
the other object. This can be indicated-
Dipakbhai V.Parikh
-by using the prepositionAbove. Ex.The cloudsabovethe trees are
moving very slowly today.The "Do Not Enter" sign isabovethe "Wrong
Way" sign.The red light isabovethe yellow and green light.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh4. A bat is flyingabove his head and he's
freaking out.5.She is above me in the class room. (in the sense of
progress also.)(7) Over: One object is at a higher level than the
other object. Moreover the two are in a vertical position. That
is
Dipakbhai V.Parikh-they are almost in one line. To indicate this
we use over. Sometimes it is to be used for mentioning distance.
Ex.There is picture over the table.The man is dancing over the
table.Bob is over the river.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh(d) The aero plane is flying over the
river.(e) She is carrying an umbrella over her head.(f) The golden
bridge is over the river the Narmada.(g) An old man is walking
bending over his stick. (In the context of lifting weight)Dipakbhai
V.Parikh(8) Below: One object is at a lower level than the other
object. One can describe this situation by using below .Ex.(1) The
arrow hit below the target.(2) Those huts are bellow the hill.(3)
Kanyakumari is below Chennai.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh(9) Under: One object is at a lower level than
the other object. In addition, the two are in a vertical position,
that is they are almost in one line. To describe this we use under.
Ex.(1) There is a cat under the table.(2)There is a basement under
this building.(3)Tired traveler sat under a tree.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh
(10)Across: A thing is on the other side of something or a thing
is moving on the other side of something. We can describe this
using across.Ex.(1) "He threw the ball acrossthe court.(2) Bob is
walking across the bridge.(3) Ramesh is parking his-
Dipakbhai V.Parikh-bike across the road.(4)The boat is going
across the river.(5)There is a village across this
river.(11)Upward/Downward:An object is in the direction of the sky
or an object is moving in the direction of the sky-we use up or
upward. An object is in the
Dipakbhai V.Parikh-in the opposite direction of the sky or it is
moving in the opposite direction of the sky. We use down or
downward.Ex. (1) The missile is going up.(2) Very soon the plane
will go up in the sky.(3) Trees grow upwards.(4) The nuclear
missile went up within secondsDipakbhai V.Parikh(5)An apple is
falling down.(6) Manoj was knocked down by a scooterist.(12) Along:
A thing is moving parallel to something or is in the same
direction. To indicate this we use along. Ex.(1) The trees are
along the high way.(2)Gagan is walking along the river.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh(3) Our bus was running along the railway
track.(13) Through: A thing moves straight but in the process
passes through something such as air, water, glass, grass etc. This
can be shown using through. Ex.(1)The plane passes through
clouds.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh (2) A deer is running thorough grass(3) This
bus does not go through the ccity.(14) Towards: A person or a thing
is moving in the direction of someone/something, we use preposition
to/towards. Ex.(1) Rajesh and Meena are going to school.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh(2) Pupils are going to school.(3) Mohan ran
towards the bus but could not catch it.(4) Samir went to Delhi for
Job.(15) From: A person or a thing is moving in the opposite
direction of something. We convey this
Dipakbhai V.Parikh
-meaning using from. Ex.(1)Mr. Christi and Mrs. Christi are
coming from church.(2) She just feel as if they are coming from the
heaven.(3) Rajesh and Meena are coming from school.(4) Ramesh
normally comes from office at six.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh(16) Between: When we want to say that a
person or a thing is flanked by two objects or persons we use
between. Ex.(1) The girl is between two trees.(2) There is ball
between two squares.(3) There is Television between dog and
cat.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh28(4) My village is between Umreth and
Dakor.(5) There is a red ball between two shoes.(17) Among: To
indicate that someone or something is surrounded by many things or
persons we use among. Ex. (1) Miss Maria is the tallest girl among
all her family members.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh(2) The picture of Bob is among the boxes.(3)
The man is walking among the trees.(4) There is red marble among
black marbles.(18) Before and After : To indicate sequence in terms
of place we use before or after. Something that comes first is
Dipakbhai V.Parikh-placed before will be used. Something that
comes later after will be used. Ex.(1) A comes before B.(2) B comes
before C.(3) B comes after A.(4) C comes after B. (5) There is a
garden before the house(6) Anand comes before Vadodara.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh(19) At:- To mention place or time at can be
used. When we talk about small village or city we can use at. But
when we talk about big town or city in can be used. Ex.(1) I came
at 5 Oclock.(2) Darshan met him at the station.(3)He was born at
wadhwan.
Dipakbhai V.ParikhBut if we talk about in context of big city-
in can be used.(1) We live in Bombay.(2) She lives in America.(20)
By : The one meaning of by indicates an agent. Ex.(1) The tiger is
killed by hunter.(2) Rahul goes to school by bus.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh
(21) With: To mention with someone else or some others and to
mention with some instrument, preposition with can be used. Ex.(1)
I write with a pen.(2) Manish goes to school with Rahim.(3) He
killed a tiger with a gun.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh(22) Beside/Besides: Beside can be used to
indicate near by area(close to or next to)- totally nearer to a
person and besides can be used to mention on and above.( In
addition to-apart from)Ex.(1) I sat beside my friend.(2) Besides
this house they have one in the native place.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh(3) My house is located beside the
school.(Near the school)(4) She wants to buy pens besides
pencils.(23) Beyond: To mention theOther side, additional beyondCan
be used. Ex.There are clouds beyond the river.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh
(2) There is the sun beyond the river.(3) There are clouds
beyond the pyramid.(4) There is a garden beyond the river.(5) I
worked beyond one hour.(24)Of: In the context of ownership and in
the case of
Dipakbhai V.Parikh -dying the person due to anyDisease, of can
be used. Ex.Byron died of cancer.All the nations of the world want
peace.There is an accusation of theft against the lady.(25) Up to:
To mention the Certain limits or not moreThan, up to can be
used.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh(1) We walked up to the hills. (26) From: In
the context of Specific time and specific place from can be used,
and if the person suffers from certain disease from can be used.
Ex.(1) I went from Vadodara to Ahmedabad by us.(2) He works from
morning to Evening.Dipakbhai V.Parikh(3) The man is suffering from
cholera.(27) For: for mentioning period of time and for mentioning
reason(sometimes) for can be used. Ex.(1) He has been working here
for ten years.(2)He died for a noble cause.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh(3) He was punished for his Carelessness.(28)
Since: To mention specificTime (point of time) and sometimes for
mentioning reason since can be used. Ex.I have not seen him since
15th August, 2012.I have been serving here since 15th June,
2006.
Dipakbhai V.Parikh(29) Till/Un till : To mention Up to certain
period of time till or un till can be used. Ex.(1) wait here till I
come back. (2) Dont go until I return. Dipakbhai V.Parikh
The EndDipakbhai V.Parikh
