wbtp 212vs Februari2014

8/13/2019 wbtp 212vs Februari2014

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Wbpt212: Project Energy

Heat pump for space heating of utilitybuildings

2013 2014

Mechanical EngineeringMechanical, Maritime & Materials Engineering (3ME)

Delft University of Technology


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Wbpt212: Project Energy: Heat Pump for Space Heating of Utility Buildings

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Contents

Mechanical Engineering......................................................................................................1

1.

General.......................................................................................................................5

2. Project description.....................................................................................................7

GENERAL LEARNING GOALS...............................................................................................7

SPECIFIC LEARNING GOALS ...............................................................................................7

PLANNING AND EVALUATION.............................................................................................9

3. Heat pump project, in three stages .........................................................................10

Stage 1: REQUIREMENTS / DESIGN RESTRICTIONS ................................................10

Stage 2: HEAT PUMP DESIGN AND DESIGN EVALUATION ........................................ 15

Stage 3: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ................................................................ 21

4. Organization ............................................................................................................24

SUSTAINABILITY ............................................................................................................. 24

ETHICS ........................................................................................................................... 24


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1.GeneralCourse code: Wbtp212

Lecturers: Dr. ir. C.A. Infante Ferreira (mechanical engineering, HP)(see also Dr. K. Hemmes / Ir. J. Vaessen (sustainability, SD)Blackboard) Prof. Dr. Ir. P. A. Kroes / Dr. J. O. Kroesen (ethics, Eth)

MSc H. Zhou (experimental work, Exp)Dr. S. Sillem (safety, Saf)

Credits: 10 EC (280 uur per student), 5 HP+Exp, 2 SD, 1.5 Eth, 1.5 Saf

Start assignment: Monday 10 February 2014 08:45 u Room D, Building CT

Course material:(to be purchased)

- Moran, M.J. en H.N. Shapiro, Fundamentals of engineeringthermodynamics, for instance 5thSI edition, Wiley, 2006.

- Mills, A.F., Basic heat and mass transfer, 2ndedition/E, Pearson NewInternational Edition, 2014 or Mills, A. F. 'Heat Transfer', ISBN-13:9780139476242.

- Touber, S., Thermische machines een compressie warmtepomp,dictaat Wbtp212, WbMT, TU Delft, 2004 (Blackboard).

- White, F.H., Fluid Mechanics, 3rd edition, McGrawHill-Royakkers, L., van de Poel, I.R., Pieters, A. (editors) Ethiek & Techniek:

morele overwegingen in de ingenieurspraktijk, Baarn: HB Uitgevers,2004. Alternative: 069I0086 Reader WBTP212 Energieproject 2011-2012: Ethiek Versie 2011 (Leverbaar) 31,60 per stuk; Inbestelgroepen: Electives & Minors en WBTP212

-Mulder, K. (editor) Sustainable Development for Engineers:A Handbookand Resource Guide, ISBN 1 874719 19 5, Sheffield: Greenfield, 2006

-Ale, B., Risk: an introduction: the concepts of risk, danger and chance,ISBN 978-0-415-49089-4, London, Routledge, 2009

Course material:(on line)

- Infante Ferreira, C. A., Syllabus Compressiewarmtepompen, WbMT, TUDelft, 1998 (Blackboard)- Isso, Tapwater installaties in woningen, publicatie 30*- Isso, Warmteverliesberekeningen voor woningen en woongebouwen,publicatie 51*- ECR, Prijscatalogus, deel 1 en 2, Europe Commercial Refrigeration

Nederland B.V. (http://www.ecr-nederland.nl/)See also Blackboard

*ISSO-digitaal is via intranet accessible through the TU-library site, search for ISSO-digitaal, ask the Libraryfor username and password


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2.Project descriptionGENERALLEARNINGGOALS

The main goal of this project is to, through a design, make operational and extend the knowledgeof the fundamental sciences that play a major role in the process and energy sectors ofmechanical engineering: thermodynamics, heat transfer and fluid dynamics.

A second goal is to develop knowledge and skills in the fields of sustainable development, wherecycles play an important role, and of ethics and safety that have a significant impact in designchoices.

SPECIFICLEARNINGGOALS

The general learning goals are detailed as follows:

In the field of thermodynamics:

Subdivide a given physical process into sub-processes that together describe the wholeprocess.

Apply thermodynamics to come to a process design of a TS and optimize thermodynamiccycles using the second law of thermodynamics.

In the field of fluid dynamics and heat transfer: Apply heat transfer and fluid dynamics concepts to size a heat exchanger.

In the field of experimental techniques: Design an instrumentation plan for a sub-process (a relevant but limited set of data).

In the field of experimental investigation:

Execute a simple experimental investigation of a thermodynamic system. Identify and quantify the reason for differences between theory and experiments. Validate a theoretical model by experimental investigation of a physical process taking

measurement inaccuracies into account.

In the field of integral design:

Develop a list of requirements for a thermodynamic mechanical system (TS) takingsustainability, ethical, societal and safety limitations into account.

Evaluate a design considering self-developed sustainability, ethics and safety criteria.In the field of sustainability:

Have a basic understanding of the main sustainability concepts and tools. Define, giveconcrete form to and apply (in relation to a design (process)) the following concepts:Sustainable Development (SD); Sustainable Design.

Apply the SD concept to a TS and, on such basis, improve the sustainability of the list ofrequirements.

Handle and apply SD tools (as actor- and trend analysis, LIDS Wheel and MET-matrix) tothe (own) design process.

Draw up an evaluation model with concrete criteria based on the list of requirements toevaluate the sustainability of a design or of possible (future) alternatives.

Position a design in a broader social frame and appraise its possible contribution to a moresustainable society.


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In the field of ethics:

Recognize moral problems encountered by engineers during the design of technicalproducts.

Identify relevant stakeholders and their interests for an engineering design assignment Identify moral values that are relevant for a technical product and translate these into

design requirements. Distinguish between normative and factual statements. Reason why engineers and other stakeholders are morally responsible or not for reducing

certain risks and hazards of a technical product.

Distinguish between different types of and source for moral principles (a.o. utilitarian andprinciples based on individual rights) and recognize them in ethical reasoning.

Apply ethical analyses methods like a societal cost-benefit analysis to a proposeddesign and propose design alterations on the basis of such methods.

Reason about and critically reflect on the suitability of such ethical analysis methods.

In the field of safety:

Be able to define, give concrete form to and apply the following concepts: danger and risk;individual versus collective risk, objective versus subjective risk and remainder risk inrelation to a design process.

Be able to apply directives for collective and individual risks and risk standards (such as themachine directive) and identify the problems associated with the development andapplication of these directives.

Be able to identify the sources of faults in the interaction between men and machine(human factors)

Be able to make use of analysis and modelling techniques as HAZOP (Hazard andOperability Studies) to identify the danger and risks of new designs or systems. Be able to execute quantitative risk analysis both during the design stage and during the

application stage on the basis of event tree analysis and fault tree analysis and suggestimprovements.


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PLANNING AND EVALUATION

The project is developed along three stages, described in these guidelines:

Stage 1: Technical: Requirements / design restrictions;Sustainability: mid term report;Safety: an essay;Ethics: Agora exercise.

Stage 2: Technical: Heat pump design and design evaluation;Sustainability: final report and multiple choice exam;Safety: HAZOP analysis;Ethics: report.

Stage 3: Experimental investigation

All reports should be clearly marked on the front page with at least the group ID and the names of

the group members! Make use of a schematic diagram of the designed system to illustrate yourcalculations. The technical + experimental part of the report should not exceed 80pages: dont be too extensive!

The final grade will be based on five elements: technical aspects; experiment; sustainability; ethics; safety.

Important aspects for the final grading on the technical and experiment parts will be: Thermodynamics; Fluid dynamics and heat transfer; Experimental techniques; Experimental investigation; Integral design.


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3.Heat pump project, in three stages

STAGE 1:REQUIREMENTS/DESIGNRESTRICTIONS

Project scope

Technical requirements and design restrictions

In the field of thermodynamics: Subdivide a given physical process into sub-processes that together describe the whole

process. Apply thermodynamics to come to a process design of a TS and optimize thermodynamic

cycles using the second law of thermodynamics.

In the field of integral design:

Develop a list of requirements for a thermodynamic mechanical system (TS) takingsustainability, ethical, societal and safety limitations into account.

1. Investigate market for (new) utility buildings and select typical building size for whichyour heat pump will be designed.

Course material to be studied:Heat transfer:Mills, Sections 1.1, 1.3, 1.4.Mills, Sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.3.Mills, Sections 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4.

2. Define size and characteristics of a typical building and calculate heat loadrequirements. Quantify peak heating power requirements.

3. Develop a (simple) Matlab/Simulink model to predict how the heat load varies for thewinter season.

4. Investigate temperature level requirements for heating medium system. Selectoperating temperature.5. Investigate availability / temperature level of heat sources and select a suitable heatsource.

Course material to be studied:Thermodynamic cycles:

Moran & Shapiro, sections 8.1, 8.2, 8.3.Moran & Shapiro, sections 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.11.Moran & Shapiro, sections 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7.

(The bold printed Sections are essential, students are advised to study the worked out examples)

6.

Investigate at least three heat pump working principle types. Define evaluation criteriaand select a type for further design.7. Investigate availability of / requirements for refrigerants. Define evaluation criteria and

select one refrigerant for application in the heat pump.


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Sustainable Development: Part I -Requirements

In the field of sustainability: Define, give concrete form to and apply (in relation to a design (process)) the following

concepts: Sustainable Development (SD); Sustainable Design. Apply the SD concept to a TS and, on such basis, improve the sustainability of the list of

requirements. Handle and apply SD tools (as actor- and trend analysis, LIDS Wheel and MET-matrix) to

the (own) design process

Course material to be studied:Sustainable development:

Study the literature (Mulder et al.) and videos on blackboard and use the material in yourgroup assignment. For part 1 in particular Chapter1, 2, 8 and 10 are recommended.

Videos (and other material) via blackboard

1. Describe the world energy problem2. Define the degree of non-sustainability of the present energy supply and identify its main

non-sustainability's3. Give an actor analysis and trend analysis with a focus on chp respectively heat pump and

present the actors in a schematic figure showing their main interactions. (joint assignmentwith ethics). An onset to this assignment will be given in the kickoff workshop.

4. What are the consequences of a large-scale introduction of chp respectively heat pump?5. Define the criteria for a sustainable design of a chp respectively heat pump using the

results of the previous assignments 1-5.6. Write a concept report of part I.7. Perform a peer review of the sustainability reports (part I) of two other groups.

DeliveryThe group submits an essay on Blackboard. The peer review protocol will be listed onBlackboard. Peer reviews should be completed in Blackboard within 1 week after thesubmission deadline.

FeedbackThe groups will receive feedback on their midterm report from the peer review by two other

groups. In addition overall feedback will be given by the docent team.

Safety: Part I -Requirements

In the field of safety: Be able to define, give concrete form to and apply the following concepts: danger and risk;

individual versus collective risk, objective versus subjective risk and remainder risk inrelation to a design process.

Be able to apply directives for collective and individual risks and risk standards (such as themachine directive) and identify the problems associated with the development and

application of these directives.

Course material to be studied:


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Safety:

Ale, B., Risk: an introduction: the concepts of risk, danger and chance, ISBN 978-0-415-49089-4, London, Routledge, 2009 (Draft can be found on Blackboard)

Machine Directive, see Blackboard.Assignment1 Safety Science: Essay

In an essay you combine theoretical knowledge and your own opinion. You base the essay ontheory, but you have to think about and decide how you can identify risks in your own system (thecombined heat and power generation of the heat pump) and how possible solutions can beimplemented. Naturally, you explain your choices and decisions. Indicate why you take certaindecisions, why you prefer the solutions you use.

In the essay an analysis has to be given of the background and the consequences of theapplication of the Machinery Directive (MD). Read the directive and determine what parts arerelevant for your system. In the appendix I of the MD, a number of articles is given. Describewhich articles are relevant for your design and indicate how you take them into account in yourdesign. Discuss how you would use the directive in the design of your system. The essay alsoserves as justification for the choices made in the HAZOP analysis (Assignment 2). It should beclear from the essay that the basic ideas behind risk, safety and how to achieve safe operation areunderstood and can be applied.

The following elements should be addressed.

IntroductionIn the introduction, formulate the question that will be answered in the essay or the statement

that will be defended.

AnalysisShow why the application of the directive leads to safe operation of a machine. Also discuss towhat extent there are other means that contribute to the safety of machines besides the directive.How do you deal with circumstances which are not covered by the directive? How can these risksbe analysed and subsequently be assured that the machine is safe during its whole lifecycle fromdesign to scrapheap both for the user and its surroundings.

ConclusionDescribe in the conclusion how the directive assure safety and which additional measures may be

necessary.

DeliveryThe group writes an essay of about 10 pages (ca 4000 words) in English to be submitted by thedeadline of the first tussenrapportage in hard copy (Faculty of TPM, Secretary of Safety andSecurity Science, Monique Pijls, room C.3.130) and by email to dr. S. Sillem: [email protected] .

Criteria for evaluation of the essayThe essay will be evaluated according to the following 8 criteria:1. Introduction / research questions

Is there a clear introduction to the essay? Is it clear why they write this essay, what they are going to do? Is there a research question?

2. Machine Directive and its influence on safety
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Do the students correctly apply the MD? Do they choose which articles from Appendix I arerelevant for their design and explain why?

Do the students explain why the application of the directive leads to safe operation?3. Other means and their influence on safety

Do the students mention any other directives, norms or models that are relevant for theirdesign?

Do they correctly apply and explain these directives, norms or models?4. Not covered by machine directive

Do the students mention what should be done about safety issues that are not covered bythe MD or any other norms and directives? Do they describe how they have analysed whatwill happen under normal and abnormal circumstances?

Do they mention examples of issues not mentioned by the MD?5. Life cycle

Do the students mention how they deal with safety issues in all stages of the life cyclelifecycle (design, construction, installation, use, maintenance, removal, destruction)?

Do they incorporate both the user and the effect on the environment in this analysis?6. Conclusion

Is there a sound conclusion? How does the directive assure safety and what additionalmeasures are necessary?

Do they answer the research question posed in the introduction?7. HAZOP

For the HAZOP workshop, student have to choose a small part of their system (thecombined heat and power generation of the heat pump) to practise the HAZOP method on.Do the students mention what part of their system they will look at during the HAZOPworkshop and why?

8. Safety and reliability / operability Throughout the essay, do the students show that they understand the importance of taking

safety into account during the whole life cycle and do they see safety as an extension ofreliability and operability?

Are the students able to correctly apply the basic ideas behind safety?The grade given for the essay that is handed in will be final. When a group wants to improve theirgrade, 1 point is subtracted from the grade of the improved essay.

Ethics: Part I -Requirements

Teaching goals: Recognize moral problems encountered by engineers during the design of technical

products.

Identify relevant stakeholders and their interests for an engineering design assignment Identify moral values that are relevant for a technical product and translate these into

design requirements.

Distinguish between normative and factual statements.


Royakkers, L., van de Poel, I.R., Pieters, A. (editors) Ethiek & Techniek: morele overwegingen inde ingenieurspraktijk, Baarn: HB Uitgevers, 2004.

- Chapter 1


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- Chapter 3: section 3.1 - 3.4- Chapter 5: section 5.3.1 and 5.3.2- Chapter 6: section 6.1 - 6.3. Also carefully read the example on page 127-129.

Assignment

- Make an overview of actors, stakeholders and their interests- Give an overview of relevant ethical values- Use this overview to formulate ethical based requirements for your designFormat- assignment in AgoraHow to use Agora?- Surf to http://www.ethiekentechniek.nl/- Request an account- You account will usually be activated within 24 hours. Please note that you do not receive

an e-mail that you account has been activated!- Logon on to the system with your account- Enroll yourself for the course WBpt212- Open the exercise: Requirements Heat pump for space heating of utility buildings- Make the exercise and send it in before the deadline- You will receive feedback on the exercise in AgoraFeedbackEach group will receive feedback on their Agora exercise which will be accessible through theAgora system. Depending on the feedback, some groups may be invited for a meeting with theethics teacher for a more in-depth discussion of the exercise and feedback.The result of this

exercise is an input for the final assignment for the ethics part of this course. You will beassessed on the degree to which you have successfully taken into account the feedback youhave received.


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STAGE 2:HEATPUMPDESIGNANDDESIGNEVALUATION

Thermodynamics


process.

Apply thermodynamics to come to a process design of a TS and optimize thermodynamiccycles using the second law of thermodynamics.

Course material to be studied:Thermodynamic cycles:

Moran & Shapiro, sections 8.1, 8.2, 8.3.Moran & Shapiro, sections 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.11.Moran & Shapiro, sections 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7.

(The bold printed Sections are essential, students are advised to study the worked out examples)

Heat transfer



Heat transfer and heat exchangers:Mills, Sections 1.1, 1.3, 1.4.Mills, Sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 (except 2.3.3 en 2.3.4).Mills, Sections 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.5.1, 4.9.Mills, Sections 7.1, 7.2 (except 7.2.1, 7.2.2 en 7.2.4), 7.4.Mills, Sections 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6.

8. Assume driving temperatures in heat exchangers and draw your heat pump cycle instate diagrams (ln p-h, T-s).

9. Quantify mass flows in system.10.Size heat exchangers heat transfer / pressure drop. Only water side pressure drop

needs to be investigated. Calculate the amount of refrigerant required to fill the system.Predict the yearly refrigerant leakage.

The topics listed above should be included in the first progress report. Thesustainability and ethics topics listed below should be submitted in the second

progress report. All items including heat pump design and experiments,sustainability, ethics and safety topics must only be included in the final report.

Delivery

The group writes a technical progress report with a maximum of 40 pages A4 to be submitted bythe dead-line in hard copy to Infante Ferreira (Leeghwaterstraat 44, room 124). Additionally, thisprogress report should include as Appendix copies of the safety and sustainability essays.


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11.Size compressor. Tip: select a compressor type (open / hermetic) taking into accountefficiency and tightness (consult Touber for this purpose); define power and size(volume displacement) requirements.

12.Size heat exchanger in office (a force convection liquid / air heat exchanger must beused) and its feed and return lines.

13.Size pump for heating system.14.Apply a second law analysis (both entropy production and exergy losses methods must

be used) to the heat pump system including application heat exchanger.15.Investigate the potential for further improvement of your design. Make use of the

results from 14 but consider also the impact of temperature driving forces andisentropic efficiency of the compressor.

16.Make a proposal for a new design concept for which you take into account the technicalaspects considered above but also economic, sustainability, ethical and safety aspects.

17.Make a proposal for on-line measurement of the performance data of the heat pumpsystem. Select sensor specifications to guarantee a 5% accuracy of the measuredperformance data.

DeliveryThe group writes a technical final report with a maximum of 80 pages A4 to be submitted by thedead-line in hard copy to Infante Ferreira (Leeghwaterstraat 44, room 124). These 80 pagesinclude the reporting of the experimental investigation (stage 3). Additionally, this final reportshould include as Appendix copies of all submitted non-technical reports.

Sustainable Development: Part II -Evaluation

In the field of sustainability: Use the LIDS Wheel and MET matrix tools in the design process, evaluate its results

critically and apply it to improve the (future) design.

Draw up an evaluation model with concrete criteria based on the list of requirements toevaluate the sustainability of a design or of possible (future) alternatives.

Position a design in a broader social frame and appraise its possible contribution to a moresustainable society.


Sustainable development:

Study the literature (Mulder et al) and videos on blackboard and use the material in yourgroup assignment. For part II all chapters indicated must have been read.

Videos (and other material) via blackboard

Assignment9. Describe the need that is fulfilled by the chp respectively heat pump.10.Define and characterize alternatives technologies which fulfil the same need as your design

of a chp respectively heat pump of part one.11.Make a comparison in terms of sustainability of your design compared to the alternatives

using a multi criteria analysis and the criteria defined in part 1.

12.Write a policy advise to the Dutch government about the implementation of yourtechnology in the Netherlands and worldwide based on your design results and the resultsof your multi criteria analysis.


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13.Write a concept report of part II.14.Perform a peer review of the sustainability reports(part II) of two other groups.15. Finalize the end report by combining and improving the concept reports of part I and II

using the feedback.

DeliveryThe group submits an essay on Blackboard. The peer review protocol will be listed onBlackboard. Peer reviews should be completed in Blackboard within 1 week after thesubmission deadline of the report.

FeedbackThe groups will receive feedback on their concept end report (combining the results of part Iand II) from the peer review by two other groups. In addition overall feedback will be givenby the teaching staff team.

Evaluation

Each individual of a group will receive the same mark for the end report. The final grade forthe sustainability part of this course will consist of 1) a mark for the group assignment (the endreport), 2) an individual mark determined by a multiple-choice examination and 3) the qualityof the peer reviews.

Safety: Part II -Evaluation

In the field of safety:

Be able to identify the sources of faults in the interaction between men and machine(human factors)

Be able to make use of analysis and modelling techniques as HAZOP (Hazard andOperability Studies) to identify the danger and risks of new designs or systems.

Be able to execute quantitative risk analysis both during the design stage and during theapplication stage on the basis of event tree analysis and fault tree analysis and suggestimprovements.

Assignment 2 Safety Science: HAZOP

There are two (one for each group) HAZOP workshops. Check in the timetable which workshopyour group should attend. During this workshop you can perform the HAZOP exercise with your

group and ask the teacher questions.

In the HAZOP workshop you will perform the HAZOP exercise with your group on a part of yoursystem (the combined heat and power generation of the heat pump). The HAZOP is a brainstormsession, so make sure that as many members of your group as possible are present at theworkshop. This will improve the quality of your results and report. The ten elements discussedbelow should be part of the report describing the HAZOP. This will also be the 10 points on whichthe report will be evaluated and graded, so make sure all points are covered in your report. Thegrade given for the essay that is handed in will be final. When a group wants to improve theirgrade, 1 point is subtracted from the grade of the improved essay.

Preparation1. Select a part of the system you are designing to do a HAZOP on. Indicate how you made

this selection and why.


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2. How did you define the boundaries of your system and of the subsystem on which you willdo the HAZOP analysis?

3. Submit drawings of your system and subsystem.4. Which parameters did you select for the HAZOP analysis and why. Give a description of

each parameter.

Execution5. Give the HAZOP table in which you show all parameters and guide words and describe

which cells (combinations of parameters and guide words) are important and why.6. A combination of each parameter and guide word (for example no flow in) is called a

deviation. For each combination of parameter and guide word, show what possible causesyou have identified? You can do this by simply adding a screenshot of the Excel sheet.

7. What could be the consequences of each of the causes / deviations that you have foundand how can they be solved?

Selection of solutions

8. Often, not all solution can be implemented. Which solutions did you select and why these?9. Describe how you decided what deviations you deem acceptable and which you deemunacceptable. Again describe how you made these judgements (use the risk matrix that isthe final result shown in the excel sheet at the end of the analysis).

10.Give a short reflection of your HAZOP and describe how your opinion on your design mayhave changed and whether you changed the design.

DeliveryThe description of the HAZOP that your group has performed has to be given in a report ofapprox. 10 A4 (ca 4000 words) in English. To be submitted by the deadline of the eindrapportage

in hard copy (Faculty of TPM, Secretary of Safety and Security Science, Monique Pijls, roomC.3.130) and by email to dr. S. Sillem: [email protected]

Ethics: Part II -Evaluation

Ethics: Part II -Evaluation

Teaching goals:

Reason why engineers and other stakeholders are morally responsible or not for reducingcertain risks and hazards of a technical product.

Distinguish between different types of and source for moral principles (such as utilitarian andprinciples based on individual rights) and recognize them in ethical reasoning. Apply ethical analyses methods like a societal cost-benefit analysis to a proposed design

and propose design alterations on the basis of such methods. Reason about and critically reflect on the suitability of such ethical analysis methods.Course material to be studied:Royakkers, L., van de Poel, I.R., Pieters, A. (editors) Ethiek & Techniek: morele overwegingen inde ingenieurspraktijk, Baarn: HB Uitgevers, 2004.

- Chapter 3: section 3.5 end- Chapter 4

- Chapter 5- Chapter 6: section 6.4
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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AssignmentThe aim of this assignment is to compare different technical alternatives from a moral point ofview. You are asked to define at least two alternatives for the design you have made. This can bealternative technologies with the same function or mere variations on your design. You are askedto compare these alternatives on the basis of the design requirements that you have formulated. If

the requirements conflict, you are required to analyze the moral dilemma that causes the conflict.You are asked to argue how your group wants to deal with this dilemma and which design optionthe group chooses. In your argumentation, you have to use different ethical frameworks(utilitarianism, Kantianism, virtue ethics).

FormatThe identification of one or more moral issues and the debate on how to deal with these dilemmashas to be carried out by the entire group. One or two persons can write the end report. If youcannot achieve consensus in your group, you are allowed to mention different opinions in the endreport.

Outline of the end reportWrite an end report of about 8 pages (3000-4000 words). This report should include the following:

1. Introduction (research question and outline of the report)

2. Short description of the technology and the context in which it will be used (including mostimportant stakeholders and their interests)

3. The most important moral values that play a part in the design of this technology (including anargumentation why these values are important and why they are moral)

4. The design requirements following ethical analysis

5. The alternatives that you consider in your end report (at least three including the designelaborated in the technical part; briefly explain why you are considering these three options)

6. One or more central moral dilemmas relating to the design or the choice between alternatives,possibly related to conflicting requirements

7. A discussion of the approaches suitable for comparing the alternatives. Make reference to theapproaches discussed by Royakkers et al., section 6.4. These include cost-benefit analysis andmultiple criteria analysis.

8. A discussion of the approach that you find most adequate for the evaluation of your designalternatives (including arguments for choices you make while applying this approach)

9. Your arguments for why engineers are responsible for dealing with ethical dilemmas (useRoyakkers et al., Chapter 1)

10. A reasoned choice between the alternatives using arguments and insights from differentethical frameworks (use Royakkers et al., Chapter 3, 4 and 5)

11. Conclusions and recommendations (also indicate whether you would change the design youhave elaborated in the technical part on the basis of insights gained in this assignment)

Feedback

The group receives written feedback on the concept version of the end report. The feedbackneeds to be incorporated in the final version of the report. For those who are interested in moreexplanation of the feedback, an appointment with the Ethics lecturer can be arranged.


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Assessment of the final reportThe final report will be judged on the following aspects. The relative importance of each aspect isindicated, however, if the report is not sufficient in one of the three areas, it will be judgedinsufficient.

Content (60%)

o Does the final report contain the 11 elements as detailed above?

o Are the most important moral values identified?

o Is the choice of alternatives reasonable and well-argued?

o Has a moral dilemma been identified and analyzed?

o Is the choice for an alternative well argued? Have all relevant arguments been taken intoaccount (especially those from various ethical frameworks)?

o Are the students able to translate the results from their end report to changes in the

technical design?

o Has the course material been used where useful or necessary?

Structure and style (30%)

o Does the report have a clear structure?

o Is the report well-written?

o Is the lay-out of the report attractive?

o Are the conclusions and recommendations clear and do they follow from the rest of the report?

Using feedback (10%)

o Has earlier feedback been taken into account?


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STAGE 3:EXPERIMENTALINVESTIGATION

The student will experimentally investigate the behaviour of heat pumps under different operatingconditions. Tap water heat pump set-ups are available for this purpose. The set-ups allowquantification of the exergy losses of the different components of the system as also of the COP of

the heat pump as a function of the operating conditions. The distribution of exergy losses throughthe different components as also the second law efficiency of the system can be compared withthe data that applies for your own heat pump design (obtained in stage 2, although theapplications are different). The experiments are also an introduction to the methods ofquantification of the performance of thermodynamic systems.

Be aware that, since the number of experimental set-ups is limited, that you should make use ofthe systems during the period assigned to your group. In principle there will be assistance for thegroups that start at the time assigned in the project planning.

Figure 1 is a scheme of the tap water heat pump set-ups. The figure doesnt show the position of

pressure and temperature sensors (the flow meters are not in operation and are not needed foryour experiments). Not all the available sensors are needed for the quantification of the systemperformance indicators. Before you start the experiments you should decide which sensors willprovide you the required information.

Figure 1: Schematic of the tap water heat pump set up.

Start Wpboiler meetprogramma, Wpboiler spreadsheet and Allprops. Save the spreadsheet[save as!] in your own directory.The water in the boiler can be heated up in about one hour from tap water feed line temperature(depending on the season, this temperature will vary from 10 to 18C) to hot water temperature.During this process the in and outlet temperatures of the condenser will increase. For this reason itis possible to find a relation between the COP of the heat pump and the temperature driving forcethat is bridged between heat source and heat sink.


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Assignments


process.

1. Identification of components. Indicate the refrigerant used in your experimentalset-up. Recognize and name the components of the heat pump boiler (in theexperimental set up!); are there components that you dont recognize from literature?Indicate them in a copy of Figure 1 and explain their function.

Apply thermodynamics to come to a process design of TS and optimize thermodynamiccycles using the second law of thermodynamics.


In the field of experimental techniques: Design an instrumentation plan for a sub-process (a relevant but limited set of data).

In the field of experimental investigation:

Execute a simple experimental investigation of a thermodynamic system.2. T-s and ln ph diagrams.Draw the measured process in T-s and ln p-h diagrams

of the refrigerant used in the set-up. Do this for the data that corresponds to a watertemperature at the outlet of the condenser of 65C. Calculate the COP of the systemfor these data.You can use Allprops / CoolPack to calculate the relevant thermodynamic data. Use anew worksheet of your spreadsheet program to show your experimental data and

results in plots. Dont forget to include the saturation lines when plotting the T-s and lnp-h diagrams.

3. Mass flow of refrigerant, water and air. The volume flow meters are not inoperation. Calculate the mass flow of water from the temperature increase of the waterreservoir as a function of time and from the water temperature change across thecondenser. Assume ideal insulation of the water reservoir. From this mass flowcalculate the mass flow of refrigerant, again under the assumption of ideal insulation ofthe condenser. Use it to calculate the mass flow of air.

4. Exergy analysis. For the same experiments as above (1) calculate the exergy lossesper component and the corresponding second law efficiency.

5. Impact refrigerant. Assume the refrigerant is replaced by a different one (f.i. R290propane or R717 ammonia) while the compressor isentropic efficiency is unchanged asalso the temperature driving forces in the condenser and evaporator are maintained(this results in similar condensation and evaporation temperatures). Also superheatingat evaporator outlet and subcooling at condenser outlet are maintained. Draw the cyclein a ln p-h diagram of the selected refrigerant and calculate the resulting COP. Discussthe impact of refrigerant on heat pump performance.

Identify and quantify the reason for differences between theory and experiments.6. Incorrect operation of a sensor. Due to an action of the staff member, one of the

sensors is not operating properly. (Not one of the volume flow meters!). Explain whythe measured property does not correspond with the real value at the specific locationand correct the error so that future measurements will indicate the correct value.

7.

COP as function of temperature lift. Calculate the COP of the system as a functionof the temperature lift (difference between the thermodynamic averaged temperatureof the sink and of the source). Show this in a diagram and compare the experimentalCOP with the COP obtained for your design. Discuss the differences encountered.


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Present also the heating capacity (heat transferred in the condenser) and thecompressor power consumption as a function of the temperature lift.

8. Exergy losses. Compare the experimental contributions to the exergy loss of thedifferent components with the contributions that you have found for your design (stage2). Do the same for the second law efficiency. Identify causes and explain the reason

for these differences. Validate a theoretical model by experimental investigation of a physical process taking

measurement inaccuracies into account.9. Accuracy of the COP. The sensors used in the experimental set-up have a certain

accuracy (1% of full scale for the pressure transmitters and 0.5 K for the temperaturesensors) so that the measured values have a certain accuracy. Evaluate the accuracy ofthe measured COP taking the accuracy of the sensors into account. Make use of theworst case scenario and the best case scenario. In the calculation of the largestpossible error you should sum up the individual measuring errors.


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4.OrganizationSUSTAINABILITY

Time planning (indication)

Activity Hours

Lectures and workshop 10 (4 + 3 x 2 hours)

Literature study and video material 12

Midterm report 10

Peer review 4

Final report 12

Peer review 4

Multiple-choice Examination 4

Total 56

SAFETY

Time planning (indication)

Study load (indication) Activity Hours

Lectures 8 (4 x 2 hours)

Study of literature 12 (about 125 pages)

HAZOP workshop 4

Essay 12

Report HAZOP 6

Total 42

ETHICS

Study load (indication)

Study load (indication) Activity HoursLectures 6 (3 x 2 hours)

Study of literature 16 (about 85 pages)

Agora Assignment 6

Essay 12

Total 40

Documents

wbtp 212vs Februari2014