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WAYFINDING ERRORS OF NAVIGATION IN NATURAL
ENVIRONMENT
Dalibor RADOVAN
WAYFINDING
street network vs. topographic surface
driving a car vs. orienteering
planar graph vs. fuzzy geodesic curve
TOPOGRAPHY
• undulated terrain (distance, height difference)
• rough ground (friction)• obstacles (passability,
vegetation)
GENERAL ORIENTEERING PRINCIPLES
• Use only map and compass.• Turn the map into the direction of
target.• Turn yourself to coincide map north
with compass north.• Choose optimal path regarding your
orientation and physical ability.• Walk / run!• Permanently follow distance and
topographic features.
OPTIMAL PATHIndiviadual (personal) preferences:
• least cost path• optimal energy consumption
(orienteering)• shortest path (difficult)• least steep path (too long)• least risky path (too time consuming)
STRATEGY, PLANNING, EXECUTION
• general strategy of navigation in advance• local planning in execution of the travel (mostly
inside visual horizon)• various tricks used depending on the local
situation
ERRORS IN WAYFINDING
• street network: wrong turn on crossroad• topographic surface: deviation from optimal path
ERRORS IN WAYFINDING ON TOPOGRAPHIC SURFACE
• differential adaptive process (cognitive and physical ability)
• small errors permanently present (am I still on optimal way?)
• gross errors lead to relocation (where am I?)
PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE ERRORS
90 reasons for errors found, related to:
• tools - map and compass• strategy - tricks and techniques• cognition and spatial reasoning - observation,
perception, belief, experience, planning, execution
• personal psycho-physical condition
THE GOALSSimulate an agent and calculate:
• difference between optimal path with and without errors = cost of errors
• difference between optimal path with a map at 1:10.000 and 1:25.000 = cost of imperfect data
• difference between optimal path with a compass and electronic device = cost of cognition?
• mix of each with errors = cost of ? (many options)
POSSIBLE RESULTS
costs of XY >> refine strategy, tools, data