Upload
maurice-mills
View
219
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
WAVESTHE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
Essential Question: What are the wave variables and how do they relate to each other?
Wavelength (λ) in meters
Frequency (f) in Hertz
10-14 10-12 10-10 10-8 10410-6 10-4 10-2 100 102
1022 1020 1018 1016 1014 1012 1010 108 106 104
Gamma rays
X rays
Ultraviolet Infrared Radio
Microwave
TV, FM AM
High Energy
Low Energy
R O Y G B I V
Visible light
Waves are a method that enrgy uses to travel from one location to another
Waves are the result of a vibration traveling from one location to another.
velocity
Wave
Types of Waves
• Longitudinal or compression – vibrate parallel to velocity. ex. Sound
• Transverse – vibrations perpendicular to velocity. ex. Light and water waves
Crest
Trough
Amplitude 1
second
Vert
ical
dis
pla
cem
ent
3 Hertz
2 Hertz
1 Hertz
Wavelength (λ) in meters
Frequency (f) in Hertz
(Waves per Second)
λ
f
Period and Frequency of Vibrations
• period – time (seconds) it takes for 1 vibration (wave) to occur.
• frequency – number of vibrations (waves) in a second
• f = 1/p AND p = 1/f10Hz has a period of 1/10th of a second
Unit: Hz or s-
1
Unit: s
1 second
.1s .3s .5s .7s .9s.2s .4s .6s .8s 1s
10 Hzf =
Period = 1/10 or 0.1
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Wave Uses
Relative Wavelength
What type of wave is it?
Use EM spectrum1. λ = 2.90 x 10-8 m2. f = 6.35 x 10 Hz3. λ = 7.01 x 10-6 m4. λ = 9.40 x 10-14 m
5. f = 1.52 x 1022 Hz6. f = 3.99 x 108 Hz7. λ = 8.34 x 10-10 m8. f = 2.76 x 1010 Hz
Calculating frequency, wavelength, period and velocity
Symbol Unit Equation
Wavelength
λ(Lambd
a)
Meters (m) λ = v/f
Frequency f Hertz (Hz, s-
1)f = v/λ
f = 1/p
Period
p s 1/f
velocity of light v* Meters per
second (m/s)v = f λ
v = velocity
*Speed of light
(3.00 x10 8)
c Meters per second (m/s) c = f λ
1. Draw continuous Y axis 4 sq from left side all the way down
2. Calculate amplitude sq. + 1. Count down from the top this many squares and draw your x axis all the way across
3. Dots represent wavelength, dashes represent half a wavelength: calculate # of sq. for wavelength and make your dots (number of dots is determined by # of vibrations)
4. In between each dot along your x axis make your dashes
5. Calculate # of sq. for amplitude. Make a dot in between dashes and dots up the correct number of dots. Alternate this for crest and trough
6. Connect the dots to form your wave.
Speed of LightSpeed of light (c) in a vacuum =
3.00 x108 meters per second (m/s)
Vacuum Water
In any other medium you have to calculate velocity
v=fλ
Going around the world 7.5 times a second
How fast is the speed of light?
1) The wavelength of an x-ray is 4.32 x 10-11 m. What is its frequency?
2) Ultraviolet radiation from the sun has a frequency of 2.49 x 1016 Hz. What is its wavelength?
3) An infrared ray has a frequency of 1.01E10 Hz and a wavelength of 2.95 x 10-2 m. What is the
speed of the wave?
What is the wavelength?What is the frequency?What is the speed of the wave?
f = c/λ3.00x108 m/s
4.32x10-11 m= =
λ = c/f3.00x108 m/s
2.49x1016 s-1= =
6.94 x1018
Hz
1.20x10-8
m
1.01x1010 Hz x 2.95x10-2 m = 2.98x108 m/s
Radio StationsRadio stations transmit their signal in megahertz (MHz)1 megahertz = ? Hertz
106
98.5 MHz
1 MHz
Hzx =
1
106 9.85x 107 Hz
Radio Station’s WavelengthWhat is the wavelength of these
radio stations?
1) 97.9 MHz (you have to convert to Hz first)
2) 104.5 MHz
3) 105.3 MHz
9.79 x 107 Hz
λ = c/f 3.06 m
1.045 x108 Hz
λ = c/f2.87 m
1.053 x108
Hz
λ = c/f2.85 m
Interference
• Interference occurs when 2 waves occupy the same space at the same time.
• It can be “destructive” or “constructive”, depending if the waves are “in phase” or “out of phase”.
Interference• Destructive
• Constructive
+ =
+ =
Faster = f or ↓ λ
Slower = ↓f or λ
v=fλ
In a vacuum v = (c) speed of light
In any other medium you have to calculate velocity
Color Wavelengths
Color R O Y G B I V
λ (m) 7.00E-7 6.50E-7 6.00E-7 5.50E-7 4.70E-7 4.30E-7 4.00E-7
Baaaaaaa!
Lambda!
B
D
C
3 Hertz
2 Hertz
A
λ
f
1 sec
1 sec
1 sec
1 sec
Mass
1
Mass
2
Mass
3
Mass
4
Peri
od (
tim
e 1
sw
ing)
Title
0.2
5 m
0.5
0 m
0.7
5 m
1.0
0 m
Peri
od (
tim
e 1
sw
ing)
sTitle
0
1.0
0 m
No breaks!
0
3
String length (m)