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WATERJETPROPULSION
SYSTEMS
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n In 1953 the first Hamilton Waterjet successfully propelled a small boatagainst the current of a swift-flowing river. Since then Hamilton Jet’sproduct range has been refined and expanded, firmly establishingthe Company as a leader in the marine propulsion industry.With more than 30,000 installations over 46 years,Hamilton Jet has a world of experience.
HAMILTON JET HM SERIESThe larger Hamilton Jet HM Series of waterjets are an extensionof the Company’s range of smaller jet units which have evolvedin the ensuing years to represent the latest technologicaladvances in marine propulsion. As boat speeds rise above 25knots, Hamilton Jet waterjets return higher propulsivecoefficients than conventional propellers. They are therefore anideal choice for high-speed workboats, patrol craft, fast ferriesand recreational pleasure cruisers.
Hamilton Jet innovation is the result of on-going research anddevelopment utilising its on-site hydrodynamic test rig facilityand test boat programmes. Close co-operation is maintainedwith the local university throughout these programmes.
The Hamilton Jet factory is dedicated solely to the productionof waterjets. All components are manufactured using the latestCNC machinery, and areproduced to the world’smost stringent marinequality standards,including ABS, Lloydsand Det Norske Veritas.
1956 Chinook, the first Hamiltonmodel in axial flow configuration.
Cover photos:“CNM Evolution” 43m Ferry, Quebec, Canada. Twin HM811 Waterjets.“Ocean Flyte” 31m Passenger Ferry, Singapore. Triple HM521 Waterjets.
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HM Series Power / RPM Envelopes Note: The rpm ranges shown are for theimpeller options which will give bestcavitation performance. Please consultHamilton Jet if this range is not suitable.
HM Series Power/RPM Inputs
NOTE: Input rpm are subject to suitable cavitationlimits. The lower rpm figure is always preferred.Higher power inputs will restrict theinput rpm range.
Model HM811s underconstruction at theHamilton Jet factory.
Jet Model HM461 HM521 HM571 HM651 HM721 HM811
Max Sprint Power (skW) 1100 1400 1700 2200 2700 3500
Input rpm range 1795-1900 1587-1710 1448-1569 1305-1407 1149-1236 1030-1104
Max Continuous Power (skW) 900 1200 1400 1800 2200 2800
Input rpm range 1680-1800 1508-1624 1357-1470 1220-1316 1073-1154 955-1025
HM811
HM721
HM461
HM521
HM571
HM651
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IMPORTANT NOTE: Dimensions shown above are indicative only for initialdesign purposes. All specifications are subject to change without notice orobligation. For detailed installation data and instructions consult Hamilton Jet.
Dimensions
Material Specifications
Follia 75 “Eufemo” 23mPleasure Yacht, Italy.Twin HM521 Waterjets.
Model A (mm) B (mm) C (mm) D (mm) E (mm) F (mm) G (mm)
HM461 1280 420 2048 1440 1016 900 1040HM521 1424 475 2350 1630 1200 1000 1200HM571 1561 530 2585 1800 1300 1000 1285HM651 2105 593 3360 1650 1470 1100 1500HM721 2381 667 3779 1860 1612 1250 1660HM811 2672 750 4252 2100 1800 1400 2000
Component Material Standard
Transition Duct To match hull materialImpeller CF8M Stainless Steel ASTM A743 - 80aWear Ring AISI 316 Stainless Steel ASTM276 - 80aMainshaft SAF2205 Stainless Steel ASTM A789 - 81Stator LM6 Marine Grade Aluminium BS1490 - 1970Nozzle LM6 Marine Grade Aluminium BS1490 - 1970Steering Deflector LM6 Marine Grade Aluminium BS1490 - 1970Astern Deflector LM6 Marine Grade Aluminium BS1490 - 1970Thrust Bearing Spherical roller typeRear Bearing Water lubricated Marine BearingShaft Seal Face type mechanical sealAnodes Zinc MIL - 18001H
FFFFFeatureatureatureatureaturesesesesesCOMPLETELYINTEGRATED PACKAGES
PumpThe stainless steel impeller is a highly refined mixed flow design,which exhibits high resistance to cavitation while providingexceptional efficiency. Rated to absorb the maximum engine power,in the ‘normal’ operating zone the jet absorbs the same full powerregardless of boat speed, eliminating any possibility of engineoverload.
• Inboard thrust bearing, conventional marine bearing aft
• High cavitation resistance
• No engine overload regardless of vessel speed or load
Intake TransitionConfigured to mount inboard at the stern, the unit draws waterthrough a Hamilton Jet supplied intake transition duct which is flush-mounted to eliminate appendage drag.
A highly developed intake screen prevents damage to internalcomponents due to ingress of debris. The screen engineering is suchthat the effect on thrust and cavitation is negligible, and is fullyaccounted for in our performance data.
Thrust and control reaction loads are transmitted directly to the hullstringers and frames via the inboard mounted thrust bearing andtransition duct. This eliminates fore and aft propulsion forces on thecraft’s transom and engine, thereby allowing lighter hull construction.
• Factory supplied intake and transition duct
• No thrust load on transom
• Stainless steel impeller
Stator and NozzleWater flow leaving the impeller passes through stator vanes whererotational flow components are removed. Nozzle size is the keyvariable in achieving maximum propulsive coefficients. Foreach application Hamilton Jet will select the optimum jetsize, taking into account factors such as vesselspeed, fuel load and lifetime propulsive costs.
• Optimised propulsor for maximumpropulsive coefficients
IntakeAn important characteristic of a Hamilton Jet is that the intakeremains highly efficient across the full craft speed range, rather
than be optimised for one power/speed.
The main thrust bearing is housed in this rigid structurewhere it is outside the water flow and can be
serviced from inside the craft.
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g eeee e Columbia Bar Pilot Tender, Oregon USA.Twin HM651 Waterjets.
Unrivaled CavitationPerformanceHamilton Jet’s mixed flow pump design offers upto 25% more thrust than other waterjets between0 and 20 knots. Manoeuvrability at low speedsand acceleration to higher speeds are superior toany other waterjet on the market.
“Voyager III” 34m Catamaran, New EnglandAquarium, Boston USA. Quad HM461 Waterjets.
Integral jet-drivenhydraulic pump andcontrol system (JHPU)
Structural webs wheretransition duct is joinedwith hull structure
Integral intake screenIntegral intake/transitionduct - factory supplied
Inboard thrustbearing assembly
“MV Lisa Ann” 44m Oil Rig CrewBoat, Morgan City LA USA.Quad HM571 Waterjets.
Competitive High Speed/Superior LowSpeed PerformanceHM Series intake and impeller designs are the culmination of 46years of research and development. Their hydrodynamic design isa further evolution from that of the HJ Series and providesexcellent high and low speed performance.
Patented JT Steering NozzleThis unique Hamilton Jet development minimises thrustloss when steering. There is no central deadband at slowspeeds and the improved efficiency at high speedsprovides the highest course-keeping efficiency of anymake of waterjet. Ultimately, this translates to higheroverall boat speeds.
Split duct asterndeflector
Integral hydraulicoil cooler
Inboard hydraulics
Cathodic protection -zinc anodesmanufactured to MILspecifications
JT steering nozzle
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Control FunctionsSince the steering and ahead/astern functions areseparate and have independent effects, they may be usedin conjunction with each other to enable complex vesselmanoeuvres without complex combinations of controlinputs by the operator.
With the astern deflector fully raised, full forward thrustis available. With the deflector in the lower position, fullastern thrust is generated. In both positions fullindependent steering is available for rotating the craft.By setting the deflector in the intermediate “zero-speed”position, ahead and astern thrusts are equalised forholding the craft on station, but with independentsteering effect still available for rotational control.Infinitely variable adjustment either side of “zero-speed”enables the craft to be crept ahead or astern, and inmultiple jet installations, appropriate thrust vectoringalone can be used to induce true sideways movement.
TOTAL CONTROL
JT SteeringAll HM Series waterjets incorporate Hamilton Jet JT steering, a patentedsteerable nozzle to optimise both steering efficiency and delivery ofpropulsive thrust. Compared with other waterjet steering systems, the JTnozzle provides outstanding steering responsiveness at all boat speeds.This is particularly noticeable at low speeds due to the absence of a centraldeadband (no steering reaction immediately either side of the central ordead ahead position). The design reduces nozzle flow disturbance,resulting in lower energy losses and minimal loss of forward thrust whensteering. These factors mean higher overall efficiency through improvedcourse-keeping and, coupled with low steering loads and noise level, makethe JT system highly effective and reliable under all conditions.
Ahead / AsternAs with steering, the ahead/astern function is an integral part of the HMSeries jet. The split duct astern deflector is designed to provide maximumastern thrust under all conditions of boat speed, water depth and throttleopening. The splitter incorporated in the deflector divides the flow to twooutlet ducts. These ducts angle the astern jetstream down to clear thetransom and to the sides to retain the steering thrust component.Vectoring the astern thrust away from the jet intake avoids recycling and theresulting astern thrust generation is equivalent to up to 60% of ahead thrust– maintainable up to high throttle settings.
The shift from full ahead to full astern is a smooth transition as thedeflector is lowered through the jetstream, eliminating any delay or shockloading normally associated with propeller/gearbox drives. Designed towithstand the loads imposed when the deflector is lowered at full speedahead, the arrangement provides a powerful braking function foremergencies. The separation of the steering and ahead/astern functionsoffer the opportunity for unlimited combinations of transitional androtational movements for outstanding vessel control.
Puget Sound Pilot Tender, Seattle USA. Twin HM571 Waterjets.
ApplicationApplicationApplicationApplicationApplicationEngineeringEngineeringEngineeringEngineeringEngineeringHamilton Jet’s extensive track record means a wealth of experienceis available to designers, builders and operators. From conceptualdesign stages to final commissioning, computer speed predictionsand nozzle optimisation studies, service life costs, detailedinstallation advice, commissioning assistance and trainingprogrammes are available to support each project.
Typical Speed EstimateHull resistance is provided by the designer or can be estimated byHamilton Jet (for most monohull forms). Minimum data requiredincludes waterline length, chine beam, deadrise angle at transomand at mid-LWL, LCG (if known), fully laden displacement andlight displacement, and proposed engine power/rpm data.
Typical Nozzle OptimisationNozzle optimisation, based on boat data and operating profile,is used to provide the most efficient waterjet selection.
“Famille Dufour II” 40m Passenger Ferry,Quebec, Canada. Twin HM811 Waterjets.
Nozzle Diameter (m)
LifetimePropulsiveCost ($)
kW/unit
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0.2 0.24 0.28 0.32 0.36 0.40
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TOTAL PACKAGE
HM Series jets are supplied as a completely packaged propulsionmodule - a design philosophy that simplifies installation procedures forthe boat builder. The jet is simply bolted to the Hamilton Jet suppliedmatching intake/transition duct, which has been welded or mouldedinto the hull. The builder is not required to fabricate any complexintake ducts. It is then only a matter of installing the driveline andcompleting the control system interface. The integral JHPU hydraulicpump and circuits are set up and tested in the factory prior to dispatch.
No special strengthening of the hull or transom is required as HM jetsare of robust cast construction capable of transmitting the full force ofgenerated thrust to the hull bottom via the intake/transition. The jet’smain thrust bearing is incorporated in the cast body and is unaffectedby hull movement. Jets and matching control systems can beconfigured for up to quadruple main propulsion installations. Alterna-tively, for loiter and boost applications, HM jets can be employed withother jets or propulsor types for independent or combined operation.
HM series jets are installed as an assembly, being manoeuvred forwardthrough the transom hole and bolted down on the transition duct.
Triple HM521 Waterjets in a20m Patrol Craft.
At the helm of an 18m Police Coast Guard Patrol Craft poweredby Twin HM521 Waterjets.
Aft Face of Transom
Mainshaft Centreline
Intake bolted tointake/transition duct.
Transom seal platebolted to transom.
Jet assembles fromoutside hull ontointake/transition.
Intake/transition ductfibreglassed into GRPhulls, welded intoaluminium or steel hulls.
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ContrContrContrContrControl Systemsol Systemsol Systemsol Systemsol SystemsA number of Hamilton Jet packaged control systems are availableto maximise the jet’s inherent manoeuvring capabilities.
HYRC Servo-Hydraulic Control(HM461 to HM571 only)
Where simplicity and low cost are primary factors, the HamiltonHydraulic Reverse Control (HYRC), a mechanical-hydraulic servosystem, can be employed for ahead/astern control. The Jet mountedand driven Hydraulic Power Unit (JHPU), reverse cylinder(s), HYRCcontrol valve with feedback linkage, hydraulic circuit and positionfeedback units are all inboard and mounted on the jet. A Morse“Hynautic” hydraulic remote system is used for control from theWheelhouse and other control stations. Steering control may beachieved by a simple manual hydraulic system, directly actuating thejet-mounted steering cylinders, or by a power-assisted steeringsystem. The requirement for the latter is dependent on jet unitinput power and the number of jets.
Hynautic engine throttle controls are also available with this controlsystem option, together with multi-station controls.
MECS Electronic ControlThe Hamilton Jet Modular Electronic Control System (MECS) is asoftware configurable control system for waterjet steering and
reverse, engine throttle and gearbox control. Itcomprises a number of standard modules thatmay be connected together in varyingcombinations to build a vessel controlsystem. The system architecture is basedaround the CAN Bus network protocol.
A key feature of MECS is that eachmodule is standard and, with theexception of engine/gearbox interfacewiring, the configuration of acomplete system for a particularvessel is achieved solely throughmenu driven software configurationcarried out during vesselcommissioning.
The system modules are interconnected using a set of preterminated(plug-in) cables supplied with each system. The cable plugs arepolarized so that each plug and cable will only engage at its correctlocation. The only wiring that the ship builder is required tocomplete is the power supply and interlocks to a Power and InterlockModule, plus the engine and gearbox interfacing connections to the
Engine Control Module.Within MECS there are twoseparate control subsystems.Normal control allows fullproportional control of thesteering, reverse and throttle, aswell as control of the gearbox.Backup is provided as anindependent set of controlsintended for use if normalcontrols are not available.
In addition to the electronic modules, a complete system includes aJet mounted and driven Hydraulic Power Unit (JHPU) on each jet,inboard hydraulic steering and reverse actuators, including feedbackunits, engine and gearbox interfaces (or actuators). The system isalso capable of interfacing with other proprietary Autopilot andvessel management systems.
Engine Control Module.
Jet Control Module.
Control Panel Module.
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World HeadquartersHamilton JetPO Box 709ChristchurchNew ZealandPhone: +64 3 348 4179Fax: +64 3 348 6969E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.hamjet.co.nz
North American OfficeHamilton Jet Inc.1111NW Ballard WaySeattle, WA 98107United States of AmericaPhone: +1 206 784 8400Fax: +1 206 783 7323E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.hamiltonjet.com
Worldwide SupportAccess to Hamilton Jet is unrestricted withthe factory in New Zealand complementedby company offices in both the UnitedStates of America and the United Kingdom.This network is further enhanced byauthorised factory trained Distributors inover 50 locations worldwide to providecomprehensive logistic support in the formof commissioning assistance, operationand maintenance training programmesand spare parts supply. Additionally,factory-based field technicians are onpermanent stand-by to travel anywhere inthe world at short notice.
European OfficeHamilton Jet (U.K) LtdUnit 4a, The Birches Industrial EstateEast Grinstead, West SussexUnited Kingdom RH19 1XZPhone: +44 1342 313 437Fax: +44 1342 313 438E-mail: [email protected]
