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WATER, WATERWATER, WATERWHERE??WHERE??
With apologies toWith apologies toSAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGESAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE
authorauthor““The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner”The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner”
December 5, 2006December 5, 2006
Waterworks Board
Corporation
Counsel
Controller Director, Contracts and Operations
Legal Support Fiscal Support
•Contracts
•Opinions
•Engage outside counsel
•Budget
•Fiscal monitor
•Planning
•Audit
•Approve plans
•Approve programs
•Receive reports and operational deliverables
•Evaluate incentives
•Water District activity coordination
Operations oversight
Note: Responsibilities list represents highlights of effort
Advisory
SAB
CAG
TAG
ObjectiveObjective• Is there an “industry standard” or guidance for Is there an “industry standard” or guidance for
how much water supply is “enough?” how much water supply is “enough?”
• There are many differing opinions on what is There are many differing opinions on what is considered considered enoughenough, ranging from:, ranging from:– Supply supported by the overall yield under 10-year Supply supported by the overall yield under 10-year
drought conditions to meet average daily demand drought conditions to meet average daily demand projected for 20 years; to projected for 20 years; to
– Enough water to withstand a 50-year drought and Enough water to withstand a 50-year drought and meet average demand projected for 50 years; to meet average demand projected for 50 years; to
– Enough water to withstand a 100-year drought and Enough water to withstand a 100-year drought and meet maximum day demand projected for 50 years; to meet maximum day demand projected for 50 years; to
– What is vaguely described in ‘10 States Standards’. What is vaguely described in ‘10 States Standards’.
IWIW GrowthGrowth PolicyPolicy
• Offer water (retail, wholesale, agreement) Offer water (retail, wholesale, agreement) within IURC-approved rate structurewithin IURC-approved rate structure
• Offer services to “by-passed” areasOffer services to “by-passed” areas
• Coordinate with communities affected by Coordinate with communities affected by providing or extending water servicesproviding or extending water services
• Provide for water supply consistent with Provide for water supply consistent with projected needs of central Indianaprojected needs of central Indiana
Reference: Adapted from the Indianapolis Department of Waterworks Growth Policy, 030602
Definition: Water SupplyDefinition: Water Supply
• Volumetric supply availability shouldn’t be confused Volumetric supply availability shouldn’t be confused with supply capacity. Capacity is usually targeted at with supply capacity. Capacity is usually targeted at maximum day demand plus ten percent reserve. (SD)maximum day demand plus ten percent reserve. (SD)
• Varies widely, dependent on a number of factors (EM):Varies widely, dependent on a number of factors (EM):– By community;By community;– Climate;Climate;– How diverse the local supply mix is (i.e. vulnerability to How diverse the local supply mix is (i.e. vulnerability to
shortage);shortage);– How much "reliability" is affordable;How much "reliability" is affordable;– What the economic effects of shortages would be;What the economic effects of shortages would be;– Risk tolerance;Risk tolerance;– Development community angst/pressure;Development community angst/pressure;– Etc. (EM)Etc. (EM)
Planning Challenges 2002Planning Challenges 2002
• Insufficient Rated Treatment Capacity to Insufficient Rated Treatment Capacity to Meet Peak Demand ConditionsMeet Peak Demand Conditions
• Lack of Sufficient Potable Water StorageLack of Sufficient Potable Water Storage– Projected DeficitProjected Deficit
• Lack of Dependable Supply & Treatment Lack of Dependable Supply & Treatment Capacity to Meet Long-Term DemandCapacity to Meet Long-Term Demand– Projected DeficitProjected Deficit
METRICS ADOPTEDMETRICS ADOPTEDbyby
IW BOARD MAR 06IW BOARD MAR 06
• Achieve peak day demand 99% of Achieve peak day demand 99% of timetime
• Have storage capacity at 50% of Have storage capacity at 50% of daily average volumedaily average volume
• System pressure minimum 20 PSI System pressure minimum 20 PSI with 30 PSI goalwith 30 PSI goal
Groundwater AvailabilityGroundwater Availability
Source: IDNR
Generalized Aquifer Production Capacity
TERRY AIRPORT
Water Production FacilitiesWater Production Facilities
Indianapolis Water Service Indianapolis Water Service AreaArea
Planning HorizonPlanning Horizon• Generally, no clear preference for a specific Generally, no clear preference for a specific
planning horizon; 50 to 100 years is a reasonable planning horizon; 50 to 100 years is a reasonable timeframe. timeframe.
• As for safe yield, the most common criteria is the As for safe yield, the most common criteria is the 100-year drought, but some agencies may 100-year drought, but some agencies may require a drought of record. require a drought of record.
• State agencies often dictate what is appropriate State agencies often dictate what is appropriate to use for safe yield analysis and planning to use for safe yield analysis and planning horizons, as they have often developed a water horizons, as they have often developed a water management program that defines "critical use management program that defines "critical use areas" or similar designations that warrant source areas" or similar designations that warrant source evaluations and demand management, together evaluations and demand management, together with consideration of environmental requirements with consideration of environmental requirements such as minimum in-stream flows. such as minimum in-stream flows.
Consumption TrendsConsumption Trends
Wabash River AquiferTippecanoe County
Lake MonroeMonroe County
Big Blue River AquiferShelby County
East Fork White River AquiferBartholomew County
Mid. Wabash Reservoirs
Waverly Aquifer
Teays Aquifer
Paragon Aquifer
River Road Aquifer
More Than one Potential More Than one Potential Additional Source of WaterAdditional Source of Water
Brookville Reservoir
TransmissionTransmissionTransmissionTransmission
White River WTP
Wabash River
Aquifer
Route 1Along US-52 & I-65~ 66 miles
Route 2Along Railways~ 71 miles
White River WTP
Source:
Brookville Lake
TransmissionTransmissionTransmissionTransmissionRouteRoute
~74 miles~74 miles
60 mgd60 mgd
Supply Estimate Supply Estimate ConsiderationsConsiderations
• A geometry-based estimate may A geometry-based estimate may grossly underestimate the grossly underestimate the available storage from a available storage from a reservoirreservoir
• When modeled, the Geist When modeled, the Geist Reservoir was determined to Reservoir was determined to have 487 days storage, as have 487 days storage, as compared to 161 days compared to 161 days (estimated using a geometric (estimated using a geometric approach)… 3 times the storageapproach)… 3 times the storage
• If we apply the same factor to If we apply the same factor to Morse Reservoir, supply can be Morse Reservoir, supply can be estimated to last 111 – 183 daysestimated to last 111 – 183 days
19
GeistGeistReservoir Supply EstimateReservoir Supply Estimate
Approach 1 Approach 1 –– GeometryGeometry
AssumesAssumes No inflow to reservoirNo inflow to reservoir
29.3 29.3 mgdmgddemanddemand
161 days161 days
Approach 2 Approach 2 –– ModelModel
AssumesAssumes Simulated drought Simulated drought
conditions with regard to conditions with regard to precipitation and precipitation and evaporationevaporation
29.3 29.3 mgdmgddemanddemand
487 days487 days
Days Supply =
Usable Volume (MG)Demand (MGD)
Geist Reservoir Dimensions
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
1,500
1,600
1,700
1,800
1,900
0 300 600 900 1,200 1,500 1,800 2,100 2,400 2,700 3,000 3,300 3,600 3,900 4,200 4,500 4,800 5,100 5,400 5,700 6,000 6,300
Volume (MG)
Su
rfac
e A
rea
(acr
es)
5% 25% 100%
Geist Reservoir VolumeGeist Reservoir Volume
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
Oct-33 Apr-34 Oct-34 Apr-35 Oct-35 Apr-36 Oct-36 Apr-37 Oct-37 Apr-38 Oct-38 Apr-39 Oct-39 Apr-40 Oct-40 Apr-41 Oct-41 Apr-42 Oct-42 Apr-43 Oct-43
Rem
ain
ing
Sto
rag
e (
MG
)
Geist Reservoir SimulationGeist Reservoir Simulation(25% unusable reservoir volume, 29.3 mgd demand, 5 mgd minimum (25% unusable reservoir volume, 29.3 mgd demand, 5 mgd minimum stream flow)stream flow)
19331933 19431943
487 487 daysdays
FullFull
““Empty”Empty”
36.7
36.1
35.5
34.8
34.2
31.9
31.3
30.6
30.0
29.3
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
0 5 10 15 20 25
Unusable Volume Assumption (% of Total)
Saf
e Y
ield
(m
gd
)
No Minimum Release from Keystone Dam 5 mgd Minimum Release from Keystone Dam
Geist Reservoir – Fall Creek Geist Reservoir – Fall Creek SystemSystemRaw Water Yield EstimatesRaw Water Yield Estimates
Geist Reservoir – Fall Creek Geist Reservoir – Fall Creek Surface Water SystemSurface Water System
Geist ReservoirGeist Reservoir
DamDam
Keystone DamKeystone Dam
Fall Creek Fall Creek WTPWTP
Fall
Cre
ek
Fall
Cre
ek
Mud
Cre
ek
Mud
Cre
ek
FortvilleFortvilleUSGS USGS
stream gagestream gage0335033515001500
USGS stream gageUSGS stream gage
0335033522002200
MillersvilleMillersvilleUSGS stream gageUSGS stream gage0335033525002500
Geist Reservoir – Fall CreekGeist Reservoir – Fall Creek
Surface Surface Water Balance Water Balance ModelModel
Geist Reservoir
Flow from Mud Creek
into Fall Creek
Flow to Fall Creek WTP
Fall Creek Flow(Millersville Gage)
Fall Creek Flow(Fortville Gage)
Fall
Cre
ek
Precipitation from
entire drainage
area
Precipitation from
entire drainage
area
Evaporation fro
m
reservoir
Geist Reservoir Supply Geist Reservoir Supply EstimateEstimate• Approach 1 – Approach 1 –
GeometryGeometry
• AssumesAssumes– No inflow to No inflow to
reservoirreservoir– 29.3 mgd demand29.3 mgd demand
• 161 days161 days
• Approach 2 – ModelApproach 2 – Model
• AssumesAssumes– Simulated drought Simulated drought
conditions with conditions with regard to regard to precipitation and precipitation and evaporationevaporation
– 29.3 mgd demand29.3 mgd demand
• 487 days487 days
WTP Capacity During WTP Capacity During DroughtDrought
New WTP
Capacity
= Yield – Existing
WTP Capacity
New WTP
Capacity
= 1.31 x 29.3 – 32
New WTP
Capacity
= 6.4 mgd
Assumes: drought of record, 25% unusable reservoir volume, no groundwater use