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WATER & WASTE. WATER is crucial to our survival. Whilst we can go a month without food, we can only survive a few days without water. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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WATER & WASTEWATER & WASTE
WATER is crucial to our survival.
Whilst we can go a month without food, we can only survive a few days without water.
Our body contains a lot of water – if you took all the water out of our bodies (the liquid used in blood etc and the fluid inside cells) it would
probably amount to around 90% of our weight!
Gaining WaterGaining Water Our bodies gain water in three
different ways.1. Water from Drinking2. Water from Food3. Water from Cell Respiration
food + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
Our bodies gain water in three different ways.
1. Water from Drinking2. Water from Food3. Water from Cell Respiration
food + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
Losing WaterLosing Water
Our bodies lose water in four different ways.
1. Water in Sweating2. Water in Breathing3. Water in Urine4. Water in Faeces
Our bodies lose water in four different ways.
1. Water in Sweating2. Water in Breathing3. Water in Urine4. Water in Faeces
Water BalanceWater Balance
Most mammals are not designed to store water, and so they need to have a constant supply.
Therefore the water we gain each day must equal the water we lose.
Total Water Gain = Total Water Loss
Most mammals are not designed to store water, and so they need to have a constant supply.
Therefore the water we gain each day must equal the water we lose.
Total Water Gain = Total Water Loss
Water and Waste -The KidneyWater and Waste -The Kidney
Structure and Function of KidneyStructure and Function of KidneyStructure Function
Kidneys Control water balance and filter the blood
Renal Artery Carries blood towards the kidneys
Renal Vein Carries blood away from the kidneys
Ureter Carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
Bladder Temporary store of urine
Function of the KidneysFunction of the Kidneys
The Kidneys have two main functions, which are:
1. Maintaining a water balance.2. Getting rid of poisonous waste
substances from within the body (Urea).
The Kidneys have two main functions, which are:
1. Maintaining a water balance.2. Getting rid of poisonous waste
substances from within the body (Urea).
UreaUrea
The poisonous waste Urea is made in our _________.
It is made when excess _______ _______ are broken down.
The urea is then transported by the blood to the kidneys were it is __________.
The poisonous waste Urea is made in our _________.
It is made when excess _______ _______ are broken down.
The urea is then transported by the blood to the kidneys were it is __________.
liveramino acids
removed
Function of the KidneysFunction of the Kidneys
The Kidneys carry out its two functions through two processes, which are:
1. Filtration
2. Reabsorption
These processes take place in millions of tiny filtering units called __________.
The Kidneys carry out its two functions through two processes, which are:
1. Filtration
2. Reabsorption
These processes take place in millions of tiny filtering units called __________.nephron
s
NephronNephron
Collecting duct
To the URETER
Final urine =______________________________
From renalartery Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
_________ reabsorbed
__________And ______ reabsorbed
•_______•_______•_______•_______all filteredout
to renalvein
Blood Capillary
Glucose
Water
Salt
urea
glucose
Water
salt
Urea
Some salt
Some water
NephronNephron
The Glucose, Water, Salt and Urea which are filtered out of the Glomerulus into the Bowmans Capsule are referred to as the G___________ F____________.
The final Urine is then transported to the B____________ via the U_________.
The Glucose, Water, Salt and Urea which are filtered out of the Glomerulus into the Bowmans Capsule are referred to as the G___________ F____________.
The final Urine is then transported to the B____________ via the U_________.
lomerular iltrate
ladder reter
Water Regulation - ADHWater Regulation - ADH
ADH - Anti-Diuretic Hormone It is produced by the P_________ gland in
the brain.
ADH controls the volume of water reabsorbed into the blood.
ADH - Anti-Diuretic Hormone It is produced by the P_________ gland in
the brain.
ADH controls the volume of water reabsorbed into the blood.
Level ADH Volume of Water
Reabsorbed into Blood
Volume of Urine
Produced
High High Low
Low Low High
ituitary
Water Regulation - ADHWater Regulation - ADH
When the body is dehydrated, for example in hot climates, during vigorous exercise, or by the consumption of salty foods then the blood will have a low water concentration.
The pituitary gland in the brain will produce a _____ level of ADH, which causes a ______ volume of water to be reabsorbed to rehydrate the body.
Therefore only a ______ volume of urine
is produced.
When the body is dehydrated, for example in hot climates, during vigorous exercise, or by the consumption of salty foods then the blood will have a low water concentration.
The pituitary gland in the brain will produce a _____ level of ADH, which causes a ______ volume of water to be reabsorbed to rehydrate the body.
Therefore only a ______ volume of urine
is produced.
highlarge
small
Water Regulation - ADHWater Regulation - ADH
However, if the body is overly hydrated for example through drinking large volumes of liquid then the blood will have a high water concentration.
The ________ gland in the brain will produce a ______ level of ADH.
This results in a _____ level of water to be reabsorbed and so a ______ volume of urine is produced.
However, if the body is overly hydrated for example through drinking large volumes of liquid then the blood will have a high water concentration.
The ________ gland in the brain will produce a ______ level of ADH.
This results in a _____ level of water to be reabsorbed and so a ______ volume of urine is produced.
pituitary low
lowerlarge
Kidney Failure & TreatmentKidney Failure & Treatment
If both kidneys stop working due to either disease or damage this is known as T_____ K_________ F_________.
There are two ways of treating kidney failure, which are:
1. D_________ on a kidney machine.2. A kidney T____________.
If both kidneys stop working due to either disease or damage this is known as T_____ K_________ F_________.
There are two ways of treating kidney failure, which are:
1. D_________ on a kidney machine.2. A kidney T____________.
otal idney ailure
ialysisransplant
Kidney Failure & TreatmentKidney Failure & Treatment
List some of the benefits of Dialysis and Kidney Transplants.
List some of the limitations of Dialysis and Kidney Transplants.
List some of the benefits of Dialysis and Kidney Transplants.
List some of the limitations of Dialysis and Kidney Transplants.
Benefits Limitations
Transplant
Patient can live a normal lifeNot dependant on a machinePatient can eat and drink normally
Tissue rejection may cause new kidney to fail.Patient on special drugs for life.Drugs may make patients weak.Not enough kidneys available
Kidney Machine
No drugs Availability of machines only limited by moneySaves lives
Restricted diet Patient must always be near machine Machines break down.
How Dialysis WorksHow Dialysis Works
Urea
•The blood is bathed in a rinsing fluid which is carefully designed to have the same concentration of useful substances as the blood•Therefore only waste materials will diffuse out of the blood.
