Water Treatments Overview Drinking Water Treatment Municipal & Industrial Wastewater Treatment

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8-Mai-06, Sensor Overview , 1

Water Treatments Overview Drinking Water TreatmentMunicipal & Industrial Wastewater TreatmentBoiler Water TreatmentDesalination (RO Water Treatment)Industrial Process water

Alain Dehant Process Dealers Meeting Nov. 06

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Water Treatments Overview Drinking Water Treatment


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Drinking Water Treatment Flow Diagram

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TurbiditypH

Chlorine/Ozone

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TurbiditypH

Chlorine

Sludge Conc.

SludgeLevel

TurbidityTurbidity

OrganicsTOC/SAC

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pHChlorine

Chlorine Dioxyde

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Water Treatments Overview Municipal & Industrial Wastewater Treatment


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Municipal & Industrial Water Treatment Flow Diagram

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Municipal & Industrial Wastewater Treatment


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Municipal & Industrial Water Treatment Flow DiagramTurbidity

pH

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Sludge Conc.

SludgeLevel

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Municipal & Industrial Water Treatment Flow DiagramDissolvedOxygen

Turbidity/SSOrganics (COD, BOD, TOC, SAC)

DissolvedOxygen

Ammonia

Nitrate Phosphorus

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temperature between 5 - 33 °C

pH-value between 6 - 8

supply with degradable nutriments (C : N : P)

sufficient supply with dissolved oxygen (above 2,0 mg/l O2)

Dissimilation (approx. 30 %) principle : C + O2 CO2

Assimilation (approx. 70 %) principle : C + O2 organic growth

C -elimination

• So the main part of C-elimination is done via incorporating the carbon into undissolved bacteria mass and afterwards taking that bio-mass out of the water.

• Only a minor part of the influents carbon is stripped as carbon-dioxid into the air.

• Both is done by C -heterotroph bacteria under certain conditions like :

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that accrued NO3 is formed by another C -autotroph bacteria called nitrobacter.

Unfortunately those don´t like the presence of NH4.

So only if both bacterias are acting synchroniously they can perform the complete 2-stage process of Nitrification in a sufficiant way.

N –elimination (Nitrification)• WWTP´s influent contains nitrogen mainly as NH4 and organic N (like Urea, Proteins).

• Due to the fact that NH4 at pH-levels above 8 is toxic to fish, Nitrification for N - elimination had been done since approx. 40 years :

Nitrification step I principle : NH4 + O2 NO2

What is simplified mentioned under „principle“ is done by a very specific C -autotroph bacteria called nitrosomonas.

Unfortunately the product of that micro-organismen work (NO2) is highly toxic to fish, so it is essential to operate a:

Nitrification step II principle : NO2 +O2 NO3

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Denitrification as an advanced N -elimination is done in Germany since approx. 30 years.

N –elimination (Denitrification)• The real decrease of total nitrogen in water is done by several specia of C -heterotroph micro-organismen.

• They are called denitrificants and reducing the dissolved NO3 into molecular nitrogen (N2-gas), which can be stripped out of the water :

Denitrification principle : NO3 N2

therefor the mentioned below conditions should be given :

pH-value between 6,0 - 8,0

absence of dissolved oxygen (anoxic conditions)

supply with degradable C-source (because bacteria is C -heterotroph)

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Nitrogen Forms, Concentrationvs. Wastewater Treatments

010203040506070

Infl

uent

Prim

ary

Efflue

nt

Seco

ndar

yEffl

uent

Tert

iary

Efflue

nt

Nitrogen, mg/L

NO3-NNH4-NOrg-N

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P -eliminationThis elimination can be done

• by precipitants (chemical removal)

• by bacteria (biological removal).

Chemical removal principle : PO43- + Me3+ MePO4

By adding dissolved salts of aluminia or iron (Me3+) you can transfer the also dissolved ortho-phosphates into poorly soluable aluminia- or iron-phosphates, which can be taken out at the settling tank.

necessary conditions:

pH-value of 5,5 (FePO4) or 6,0 to 7,0 (AlPO4), which normally can´t be achieved on a WWTP

an excess of aluminia- or iron-ions in ratio to the phosphates that have to be precipitated (so called „beta-value“)

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P -elimination

Biological removal principle: incorporation of dissolved phosphates based on a bacterias luxury-uptake-effect

(to TAKE up more phosphates, than bacteria formerly had GIVEN up)

necessary conditions are :

systematic change between anaerob (NO solved or bounded oxygen) conditions (PO4

3- is given up) and aerob conditions (PO43- is taken up)

supply with degradable C-source during the anaerob stage

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Phosphorus Forms, Concentrationvs. Wastewater Treatments

0

5

10

15

20

Influent PrimaryEffluent

TertiaryEffluent

Phosphorus, mg/L

Ortho-PCond-P

Org-P

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Sludge Conc.

SludgeLevel

Sludge Conc.

Turbidity/SSOrganics (COD, BOD, TOC, SAC)

NitrateAmmonia

Phosphorus

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Chlorine

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Suspended Solids (SS)

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Water Treatments Overview Boiler Water Treatment


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Boiler Water Treatment Flow Diagram

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Silica, Sodium, HardnessAlcalinity, pH, Conductivity

Turbidity

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Silica, Hydrazine, Phosphare, pH

AmmoniaAlcalinity

Silica, Phosphate, pH, Conductivity

Silica, Phosphate, pH, Conductivity

Alcalinity, Hardness,HydrazineTurbidity

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Silica, HardnessConductivity, Turbidity

Dissolved Oxygen

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Water Treatments Overview Desalination (RO Water Treatment)


http://www.water-technology.net/projects/israel/index.html

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING

SCALE INHIBITORDOSING

CHLORINEDOSING

5 µm CARTRIDGEFILTER

HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION

WATER DESALINATION BY REVERSE OSMOSISFLOW DIAGRAM

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION


Pre-Treatment

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION


RO

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION


Post-Treatment

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION

Suspended solids and other particles in the feed water must be removed to

reduce fouling of the membrane.

Suspended solids are removed with coagulation and filtration.

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION

Polyelectrolyteand ferric sulfate

are injected at this point for in-line

coagulation

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION

Multi-media filter consist of:gravel, coarse sand, fine garnet, fine

sand and anthracite.

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION

Multi-media filter is monitored for pressure drop.

Backwash of the filter is necessary to assure a SDI

less than 3,0

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION

Dosage of acid (HCl or H2SO4) is used to remove

bicarbonate ions followed by aeration to remove CO2.

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION

Anti-scalant (Phosponate or polyphosphate) is added to

prevent scaling inside the RO system.

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION

These anti-scalants are efficients against

precipitation of CaCO3, CaSO4, SrSO4 & BaSO4, but

are less effective in the case of silica precipitation.

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION

After anti-scalant injection, the flow continues through a

5 µm cartridge filter.

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION

Algae and bacteria can grow,so biocide (usually less than1 mg/l chlorine) is required

to clean the system

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION

Some RO membranes can not tolerate chlorine, so

dechlorination techniques are required.

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION

Ozone or UV light may also be used to remove marine

organisms.If ozone is used, it must be

removed with chemicals before reaching the

membrane.

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION

Operating pressure vary between 10-25 bars for

brackish water and 50 – 200 bars for seawater.

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION

Water quality depends on membrane rejection

properties.

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION

Some relatively small molecules, like CO2,

H2S, SiO2 & boric acid may penetrate and pollute the water

product

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION

Some membranes have been developed for

high BORON removal

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTIONPure desalination water is highly acidic and is thus

corrosive to pipe, so it has to be mixed with other source of water that are piped outside

or . . .

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION or . . . else adjusted orpH

hardnessalkalinity

before being piped outsite

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTIONAccording to local water regulations, pH level 7,2 – 7.6,

Ca hardness +/- 100 mg/l, HCO3- +/- 100 mg/l and 0,5

mg/l for Boron

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS

REJECTBRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTIONIn some cases, some fluoride is also added with a

concentration < 1,0 mg/l

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CAUSTICSODA

DOSING

WASTE

SEAWATER

PURGE

BACKWASH

MULTI-MEDIAFILTER

ACIDDOSING


CHLORINEDOSING


HIGHPRESSURE

PUMP

REVERSEOSMOSIS REJECT

BRINE

PRODUCT

PRODUCTWATERTANK

CHLORINEDOSING

FINALPRODUCT

WATERTANK

DISTRIBUTION

pHTURBIDITY

ULTRA LOW RANGE

CHLORINE

pH

CHLORINEOzone

Chlorine Dioxide

TEMPERATURETOT. ALKALNITYCa++ HARDNESSCONDUCTIVITY

ON-LINEMeasurement

points

CONDUCTIVITY

FLUORIDE

TURBIDITY LOW RANGE

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Water Treatments Overview Drinking Water TreatmentMunicipal & Industrial Wastewater TreatmentBoiler Water TreatmentDesalination (RO Water Treatment)Industrial Process water


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Industrial Water Process

So various market, we will not have the possibility to make a deep examination of them:

- Petrochemistry- Beverage products

- Water botteling - brauweries- Softdrinks (Cola)- Vine

- Vegetable oils- Chemical Industry- Paper Mills Industry- Pharmacopeia Industry- Cosmetic Industry- Metal Industry- . . . Everywhere aqueous samples are used

Documents

Water Treatments Overview Drinking Water Treatment Municipal & Industrial Wastewater Treatment