Water Treatment Plant Optimization-Today’s Balancing Act of Costs.

Regulations, and Customer Confidence

The 3 R’s of Operation-Recognize, Respond, React

R. Michael Kennedy Water Treatment Superintendent

City of Mesa Brown Road Water Treatment Facility

AZ Water Association

Phoenix, AZ

January 25, 2011

Presentation Outline Water Treatment Plant Optimization

• I. Objectives Overall • II. Water Resources-Source Water Quality • III. Treatment Optimization-the Balancing Act

• IV. Costs of Operations- COP-Challenges Of Operation

• V. The Future

I. OBJECTIVES OVER-ALL WHAT ITS ALL ABOUT

STRUCTURE is the FOUNDATION of any organization -Operators, Maintenance Staff, Process Controls, are the Structure -The Plant is the ultimate operational/production tool, the Foundation

WHAT DO WE DO? 1) Drinking water “Quality Providers” <Treatment/Production> 2) Drinking water “Quality Protectors” <Quality/Compliance>

The Balancing ACT

OBJECTIVES OF OPERATION City of Mesa Water Resources

• Water Supply/Source Redundancy-ability to deliver water supplies in distribution system under a variety of conditions.

• Water Treatment Reliability-components of the WTP can treat and deliver water under varying treatment , maintenance, and operational conditions.

• Water Sys. Operational Requirements- conditions such that water can be delivered reliably under fire flow, high demand, or other extreme or unusual operating condition.

• Cost Effectiveness and Optimization • Water System Compliance & Aesthetics Costs-Lexus vs. Kia??? - Commitment and “Willing to Pay”

Water Treatment Plant Modus Operandi

NOP- normal operation: operations “status quo” by meeting WQ/Regulatory Guidelines for treatment.

WOP- wishful thinking operation: Lexus quality operations and water quality.

ROP- response operations: changes in source water quality, plant malfunctions, oops and awe-sh…, etc.

FROP- frugal operation: The bean counters, modeling Treatment Operations-the MikaScope Financial Operations-the Setha-Scope

Approaches to Controlling DBP’s in Preparation for Stage 2 DBP Rule

Compliance • Remove the DBP precursors at the

treatment plant • Reduce the amount of disinfectant and/or

change the point of application • Reduction of amount of chlorine added by

switching from chlorine to alternative primary and/or secondary disinfectants

• Distribution System localized treatments and changes in system operation

INNOVATION

• A new way of doing something • Refers to incremental and emergent or the

radical and revolutionary changes in thinking, products, processes, services, or organizational structure.

• Synonymous with the output of a process or service.

• The main goal is “Positive Change”

II. Water Resources-Source Water Quality Source Water Challenges/Changing Water Quality

CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers

Source Water Influences •Alamo Lake •Bill Williams River •Lake Havasu •Lake Pleasant •CAP Maintenance Activities •Algae and Aquatic Plants •Unknowns/Storm-water/Other

Discharge, cubic feet per second

CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers

Mesa CAP Canal Turnout Visual Observations

CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers

Control Room SCADA Process Lab Analysis

CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers

Temperature Color pH/H-Ion Conc. Tot. Alkalinity Specific Conductance Algae Counts Fluoride Communication TOC UV254 Visual Observations Hydraulics-Flow

CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers

Total Organic Carbon TOC UV254 Organics Monitor

CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers

Jar Testing Remote Instrumentation

CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers

Chlorine Dioxide Monitoring Fluoride Monitoring

CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers

Raw Water Turbidity Raw Water pH

CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers NOW INITIATE/PRACTICE THE 3R’s

RECOGNIZE RESPOND

REACT

III. Treatment Optimization-the Balancing Act

What Is Optimization? To attain the most efficient and effective use of a drinking

water treatment plant in regards to some guiding principles:

• Achievement of consistently high quality finished water on a continuous basis

• Focus on overall plant performance, instead of focusing too much on a individual process

• Maximum efficiency in meeting production and storage demands

• Optimizing while at the same time meeting water quality, aesthetic, and regulatory compliance

Water Treatment Goals and Objectives

• GOALS are the general guidelines of where we want to be, whether regulatory, quality, or aesthetic. Common amongst WTP’s.

• OBJECTIVES define the strategies or implementation steps to attain the identified goals. Each WTP may have different objectives based on costs, treatment strategy, SOP’s, etc.

Objectives are specific measures we use to determine whether or not we were successful in achieving the Goals.

Water Treatment Goals Regulatory

We all share the same Regulatory Goals: Stage 2 D/DBP Rule

-Chlorine MCL = 4.0 mg/l (Treatment Plant) -Chlorine Dioxide MCL = 0.8 mg/l -Chlorite MCL = 1.0 mg/l -Bromate MCL = 10 ug/l -DBP Precursor Removal (TOC or SUVA) A treatment technique which may require 15-40%

removal based on source water alkalinity and TOC. TTHM/HAA = 80/60 ug/l LRAA (Distribution System)

Water Treatment Goals Regulatory LT1/2 ESWTR

-Turbidity: CFE <0.3 NTU in 95% samples IFE <1.0 NTU at all times -Cryptosporidium: Required monitoring

and associated treatment. Cryptosporidium Removal min. 2-log Giardia Removal min. 3-log Viruses Removal min. 4-log

Water Treatment Goals Water Quality/Aesthetic

• Local/In-Plant established WQ goals • USEPA AWOP Program • Partnership for Safe Water • Others

Specific Performance Goals adopted at Mesa BRWTP

IV. Costs of Operations The Balancing Act

Today’s Challenge of the Day: Less drying bed space availability due to 1) climatic

conditions, 2) increased flow/production rates, 3) source water quality conditions-increased chemical use

Meet greater/minimal water quality goals by increased chemical use

-OR- Reserve Drying Bed Space through sludge management/reduction with

less chemicals

Ultimate Goal: Regulatory/Compliance • CHALLENGE - Remove turbidity in Coag/Floc/Sed. process with

increased chemical use, or by the filtration process, thus resulting in reduced filter run times and increased use of wash water.

The Challenge Treatment Optimization

The Balancing Act Coagulation/Flocculation/Sedimentation

(>Chemical Use, > sludge production, > costs)

Filtration (Turbidity Removal with <filter run times,

>wash water)

The Challenge Sludge Management

High Rate/Under-drain Drying Beds Solar Drying Beds

Water Treatment/Water Supply COP-challenges of operation

• Operational Costs- Fixed vs. Variable • Chemicals (3yr Increases in Costs 2007-2010) -Alum 29.5% -Chlorine 19.5% -Polymer(coag.) 0% -HFS 245% -PAC 50% -Sod. Chlorite 448% • Electrical: Steady Increases 3.65% upcoming • Parts and Supplies • Staff turnover, recruiting, salaries

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

$0.00

$20,000.00

$40,000.00

$60,000.00

$80,000.00

$100,000.00

$120,000.00

$140,000.00

$160,000.00

Brown Road WTP Chemical Cost Comparisons

Polymer-Coag

Polymer-Filter

Fluoride

Chlorine

Alum

Sod.Chlorite

PAC

Flows(MGD)

Treatment Chemicals FLOW, MGD

CHEMICAL $$

CAP WQ Event

Flow Increases & CAP WQ Event

WTP S/D

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

Brown Rd. WTP Monthly Electrical Usage

Treatment Operations Distribution Pumping Operations

KWH

V. The Future Meeting Compliance at the WTP

•Treatment Optimization •Primary/Secondary Oxidants/Disinfectants •Upgrades/Design Enhancements •Performance based Operations and Water Quality objectives/goals •**Reduce DBP Precursors at the WTP

Meeting Compliance Within the Distribution System

Factors Affecting TTHM Production • Chlorine Residual • Temperature • DBP Precursors (TOC/Organics) • Water Age • Hydraulics • System Operations • Localized Treatment Techniques

Keys to Management and Operational Success

• Leadership • Strategic Business Planning • Organizational Approaches • Measurement • Continual Improvement Management

Framework • Trained and Competent Staffing

POSITIVITY

PRAY What its all about

• P erspective • R egulations • A nd • Y ou

Options for Controlling Disinfection By-Product (DBP) Formation

What are We Doing? • Treatment Plant Optimization Program (includes DBP minimization

enhancements, increased monitoring and instrumentation, training. • Design considerations of new water treatment facilities • Total Organic Carbon (TOC) goal of <2.0mg/l from WTPs. • Chlorine management , control, monitoring enhancements, reduce

average distribution Cl2 residual from 1.00 mg/l to 0.80mg/l • Consideration of utilization of alternative primary disinfectant like

ozone at WTPs to minimize DBP precursors and Chlorine use. • Consider post-formation removal of DBPs (localized treatments at

storage reservoirs/tanks with extended water age). • Improved distribution system operation and management • Hydraulics and Water Age

That’s All Y’all

Any

Questions